Java OOPs - Full Review Notes for Viva & Interview
🔥 OOPs in Java – Full Review
🔏 What is OOP?
OOP (Object-Oriented Programming) is a style of programming where real-world entities are modeled
as objects using classes.
Java is an Object-Oriented Language where everything revolves around class and object.
🌟 4 Pillars of OOPs in Java
1. Encapsulation – Data Hiding
• Wrapping data and methods together inside a class.
• Variables are made private; access via getters/setters.
class Student {
private int age;
public void setAge(int a) { age = a; }
public int getAge() { return age; }
}
Benefit: Security, controlled access, data protection.
2. Inheritance – Reusability
• One class (child) inherits properties of another (parent) using extends .
class Animal {
void sound() { System.out.println("Animal sound"); }
}
class Dog extends Animal {
void bark() { System.out.println("Dog barks"); }
}
Benefit: Code reuse, hierarchy, simplicity.
3. Polymorphism – Many Forms
Compile-time (Method Overloading):
1
class Math {
int add(int a, int b) { return a + b; }
int add(int a, int b, int c) { return a + b + c; }
}
Run-time (Method Overriding):
class Animal {
void sound() { System.out.println("Animal sound"); }
}
class Cat extends Animal {
void sound() { System.out.println("Meow"); }
}
Benefit: Flexibility, dynamic behavior.
4. Abstraction – Hiding Complex Details
• Shows essential features, hides implementation.
• Done via:
• Abstract classes
• Interfaces
Abstract class example:
abstract class Shape {
abstract void draw();
}
class Circle extends Shape {
void draw() { System.out.println("Drawing Circle"); }
}
Interface example:
interface Vehicle {
void start();
}
class Car implements Vehicle {
public void start() { System.out.println("Car starts"); }
}
Benefit: Focus on "what" not "how", security, modularity.
2
📌 Other Key Concepts
Concept Description
Class Blueprint of an object
Object Instance of a class
Constructor Special method to initialize objects
this keyword Refers to current object
super keyword Refers to parent class
final keyword Prevents modification
static keyword Belongs to class, not object
🧠 Differences You Should Know
Concept Description
Abstraction vs
Abstraction hides logic, Encapsulation hides data
Encapsulation
Overloading = same name, diff args. Overriding = same method in
Overloading vs Overriding
child
Class vs Object Class = design, Object = instance
🧮 Common Viva Questions
1. What is OOP?
2. What are the 4 pillars of OOP?
3. What is inheritance? Give real-life example.
4. Difference between abstract class and interface?
5. What is method overloading and overriding?
6. What is encapsulation in Java?
7. Can we create object of abstract class? (No)
8. Can interface have constructor? (No)
9. Can interface have variables? (Yes, but public static final by default)
10. Difference between this and super ?
🔗 Real-World Examples
Concept Example
Encapsulation ATM hides internal details
3
Concept Example
Inheritance Son inherits father’s traits
Polymorphism Person behaves as student/friend/employee
Abstraction Driving car without knowing engine working
Best of luck for your review Yash! You got this! 🙌
