International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

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Sustainable Development using Grey-Water Treatment

Prof. M. S. Joshi1, Yashawant K.Gawali2, Jayesh N.Khairnar3, Mangesh V.Mane4, Bhushan K. Patil5
1Professor, Civil Department, Sinhgad Academy of Engineering, Pune
2,3,4,5Student, Civil Department, Sinhgad Academy of Engineering, Pune
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Abstract - In the developing countries like India, the main to irrigate vegetable plants as long as it doesn’t touch edible
issue of concern is the declination of water resources. The parts of the plants. In any grey water system, it is essential to
reasons for the resources declination are over pumping of use plant friendly products, those without salts, boron, or
ground water, increasing fluoride concentration, surface chlorine bleach.
water such as rivers, lakes, ponds, streams are depleting due to
famine conditions and uneven precipitation. However, how
there is a need to focus on this major issues, in the form of
recycling and saving of water. To overcome the scarcity of
water, Recycling and Reuse of waste water by treating it with
physical, chemical and biological process. It improves Quality
of water by removing various contaminations such as
suspended solids, dissolved solids and biological impurities.
Scope for treatment may include grey water design, quality
improvement and reduction impurities, etc. Waste water
treatment may be done either by diversion methods, filtration
Fig -1: Domestic Water Distribution
method. In our project we are focusing to make ecofriendly
filter bed by using locally available materials such as
brickbats, gravel and charcoal combines with root zone 1.1 Factors Affecting Characteristic of Grey Water
technique to increase in the quality of water with minimum
operational and maintenance cost.  Quality and type of the water supply
 Type of distribution net for drinking water
Key Words: (Grey Water Treatment, Root Zone  Type of distribution net for grey water
Technique, Gravel Filter, Brick Bat Filter, Charcoal, filter  Activities in the household
Sewage Treatment)  Installation from which grey water is drawn
 Type of source
1. INTRODUCTION  Geographical location
 Demographics and level of occupancy
Grey water is slightly used water from your bathroom,  Quantity of water
showers, sinks, tubs, washing machines, etc. which is not
contact with black toilets, urinals. It may contain waste food, 1.2 Source of Grey Water
traces of dirt, grease, hair, and other household cleaning
products. California's latest grey water standards define Grey 1.2.1 Bathroom
water that the untreated wastewater that has not been
contaminated by any toilet discharge, has not infected,  Microbiological – Lower Level of thermo-tolerant coli
contaminated or unhealthy bodily wastes. It does not present form.
a threat from contamination by unhealthful processing,  Chemical – Soap, shampoo, hair dyes, tooth paste and
manufacturing, or operating wastes. It may be contaminated other cleaning chemical.
with a range of soluble and insoluble (particulate) substances  Physical – High suspended solid and turbidity
such as soaps, detergents, skin, saliva, dirt and lint. Each type  Biological – low level concentration of BOD
of contaminant, whether it is detergent/surfactant, organic,
microbial or particulate, must be treated appropriately. Grey 1.2.2 Sink & Basin
water makes up around 30 to 50 per cent of wastewater
discharged into the sewers. If this grey water is recycled at  Microbiological – Variable thermo-tolerant coli form.
its source or make some arrangement separately, it will  Chemical – Detergent, Cleaning agent, etc.
reduce the load on sewage treatment plants and also reduces  Physical – Food particle, oil, fat, and grease causes
the water demand. Recycle and Reuse of grey water for turbidity.
irrigation reconnects urban residents and our backyard
 Biological – High concentration of BOD.
gardens to the natural water cycle. The easiest way to use
grey water is to pipe it directly outside and use it to water
ornamental plants or fruit trees. Grey water can also be used

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1.3 Problem Statement area which forms 2.4% of the world’s land area. Water used
in bathing and hand washing purpose, produces around 50-
India is a semiarid region with water scarcity and a 60% of total Grey Water and is assumed to be the least
strong pressure on water sources caused by the rapid contaminated type of Grey Water. It readily promotes and
increase of population and industrialization. In this region, supports the growth of micro-organisms. Grey Water from
rain water harvesting alone is not enough to meet water kitchen generates about 10% of the total Grey Water. Grey
supply demands due to the irregular distribution of rainfall Water reuse methods can range from low cost methods such
in time and space. as the manual bucketing of Grey Water from the outlet of
Integrating rainwater harvesting with grey water reuse bathroom to primary treatments method that coarsely
resulted in a more feasible and reliable strategy than those screen oils.
strategies based only on rainwater harvesting. Furthermore,
the investments can be amortized in a shorter period of time. In 2013, Rawa Al-Jarallah research on The potential for
reusing grey water and its generation rates for sustainable
1.4 Objective potable security in kuwait. As per research, the amount of
fresh water produced will not be sufficient to meet the
 To reduce daily water supply demand demand. Indeed, the shortage of fresh water is becoming a
 To minimize the amount of waste water entering into global problem. This issue has caused the scientific
sewer community to explore alternative water sources, such as
wastewater reuse. The Grey Water generated as a
 To determine the COD & BOD of grey water
percentage of the total water consumption differs from one
 To enhance the quality of food crops.
country to the next based on age, gender, living standards,
 To reduce the loads comes on STP.
habits and the degree of water abundance. In australiya,
 To save fresh water, money, energy resources. 50% of the water consumed is transformed into Grey Water
and reused in toilet flushing and irrigation, reducing the total
2. LITERATURE REVIEW water consumption by 29%. Untreated Grey Water
treatment systems and biological treatment systems
In 2015, Prof. Abeer Albalawneh research on Review of (environmental agency, 2011). Selection of a treatment
the Grey Water and proposed Grey Water recycling scheme system is based on the ultimate use.
for agricultural, irrigation reuses. As per research, Grey
Water treatment methods vary based on site condition and
In 2018, Jie Zhu research on Feasibility of on-site grey
Grey Water characteristics. Water consumption always
water reuse for toilet flushing in china. As per research,
depends on the quality of life standards and availability of
drought and water shortage are the key factors for water
resources. The ranges of electrical conductivity, turbidity
scarcity in arid and semi-arid areas. As a result, there is a
and suspended solids for dark Grey Water are 190-1,830μS
growing need to manage water resources in a sustainable
cm-1, 19-444 NTU and12-315 mgL-1 respectively. while for
manner. As for water reuse, current technology manages to
light Grey Water these ranges are 14-921 μScm-1,12.6-375
treat waste water into any desired quality compared to
NTU,and 29-505 mgL-1 respectively. Physical Grey Water
household composite domestic wastewater, grey-water is
treatment systems include filtration and sedimentation. A
more lightly polluted, thus the treatment process should be
mean removal of 30% COD and a maximum E coli removal of
optimized; the key problem is how to balance the investment
two log CFU/100 ml was observed. Electro coagulation was
and treatment costs with reuse criteria. In this paper,
effective at treating shower water from building.
summary of the current grey water treatment systems and
provides advice on its application. Recently, the most
In 2017, Prof. R. T. Pachkor research on the Integrated commonly described and promising application for grey-
approach for grey water treatment. As per research, grey water reuse has been toilet/urinal flushing, which can
water comprises 50-80% of residential waste water. Grey reduce water demand within a dwelling by up to 10–30.
water gets its name from its cloudy appearance and from its
status neither fresh nor heavily polluted. Grey water is a 3. METHODOLOGY
domestic’s waste water that is collected from dwelling units,
commercial building and institutions of the community.
In these project we treated Grey Water using various
Many new or modified treatment processes are being usage
is becoming a necessary facet of good management. In this filter media such as gravel bed, brick bat, charcoal and root
method quantification of grey water was determine by direct zone technique. First of all untreated Grey Water is collected
method like water meter, bucket method and indirect in overhead tank then it allows to passed in root zone tank.
method like water consumption and type of uses.

Prof. J. S. Lambe research on the GREY WATER-

TREATMENT AND REUSE. As per research, Geographical

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3.3 Brick Bat Filtration

In Brick bat filtration it removes turbidity efficiency into

75%. Brick bat is easily available material hence it is
economical to use. Filtration efficiency of brick bat is
increases when their mean dimensions is decreases.

3.4 Charcoal Bed Filter

Charcoal (activated carbon) commonly used technology

based on adsorption of contaminate which remains after
filtration process. It removes effectively certain organics
(such as unwanted taste & Odour, micro pollutants) chlorine,
fluorine or radon from wastewater but disadvantages of
these filter media has to be replaced regularly. Charcoal has
pores where contaminants adhere to the surfaces of the
activated carbon. These process is called Adsorption.
Granular activated carbon is used to remove dissolved
Fig -2: Process of Grey Water Treatment
organic pollutants present in water. The efficiency of filter is
also high
3.1 Root Zone Treatment
4. RESULTS
Root zone technology is a novel technology for
wastewater treatment with low cost and energy saving. In
4.1 Total Suspended Solids
root zone system the order of untreated Grey Water is
removed by removing organic load, nitrogen, surfactants & Table -1: Total Suspended Solid
pathogens from grey water. It removed order of COD,
nitrogen, surfactants of untreated Grey Water upto 93%, Sample Of Total Suspended Solid
90%, 85% respectively. The Grey water flow through the Sr.No. Grey Gray
Water Purified Water
root zone in a vertical or horizontal way in which the organic water
pollutants are biochemically decomposed by the bacteria 1 1 Day 1280 900
present in the rhizosphere of root plants. Soap and detergent 2 2 Day 1372 850
in Grey Water consists of phosphorus which assist in plant
3 3 Day 1150 825
growth and act as nutrients. In root zone system
concentration of facial Bactria is decreases.

3.2 Gravel Filter

Gravel Filter is a more effective filter media because it’s

capable to hold back precipitates which contain impurities.
In gravel filtration it removes suspended solids, particulate
matters, colours & odour of grey water by sedimentation
process. Filter Gravel size, hardness and angularity are the
important filter Gravel characteristics to ensure proper
filtering. Three layers of gravels are usually employed. fine
size gravel are used at bottom, middle size gravel used at
middle portion and course gravel is used at top. Chart -1: Total Suspended Solid

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Volume: 07 Issue: 06 | June 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

4.2 Turbidity 4.3 Biological Oxygen Demand

Table -2: Turbidity Table -4: Biological Oxygen Demand

sample of Turbidity sample of BOD

Sr.No. grey Gray Sr.No. grey Gray
water Purified Water water Purified Water
water water
1 1 Day 13.8 11.7 1 1 Day 59.4 41.2
2 2 Day 14.5 14.18 2 2 Day 45.7 30.5
3 3 Day 12.8 11.25 3 3 Day 30.6 27.9

Chart -2: Turbidity Chart -4: Biological Oxygen Demand

4.3 pH Determination 4.5 Chemical Oxygen Demand

Table -3: pH Determination Table -5: Chemical Oxygen Demand

sample of pH sample of COD

Sr.No. grey Gray Sr.No. grey Gray
water Purified Water water Purified Water
water water
1 1 Day 8.7 8.5 1 1 Day 102.9 96.4
2 2 Day 8.1 7.7 2 2 Day 92.3 84.2
3 3 Day 7.8 7.2 3 3 Day 60.23 42.8

Chart -3: pH Determination Chart -5: Chemical Oxygen demand

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5. CONCLUSION

The benefits of Grey Water recycling is to Reduced use of

freshwater, Less strain on septic tanks or treatment plants,
More effective purification, feasibility for sites unsuitable for
a septic tank, reduction in use of energy and chemicals,
Groundwater recharge, Plant growth, Reclamation of
nutrients, Increased awareness of, and sensitivity, to natural
cycles, Saving water per day, Saving of 900 to 1500 liter
water per day in Sinhgad Academy of Engineering, kondhwa.
Grey water reuse for toilet flushing and gardening. Grey
water is typically alkaline due to soaps & detergents but
after treatment pH of grey water is decreases up to 7.5.
It removes turbidity efficiency up to 92%. It removes BOD
load with efficiency of 95%. With the use of natural media in
these filtration system grey water treatment system proved
to be economical.

6. References

[1] Abeer Albalawneh & Dr. Tsun-Kuo Chang, “Review

of the Greywater and Proposed Greywater
Recycling Scheme for Agricultural, Irrigation” in
International Journal of Research Granthaalayah,
Vol. 3, Issue 12, December 2015.
[2] Prof. R. T. Pachokar and Dr. D. K. Parbat “A
Literature Review on Integrated Approach for Grey
Water Treatment” in International Journal for
Research in Applied Science & Engineering
Technology, Vol. 5, Issue 4, April 2017.
[3] Prof. J. S. Lambe & R. S. Chaughule “Greywater -
Treatment and Reuse” in IOSR Journal of
Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE), ISSN
2278-1684, PP: 20-26.
[4] Rawa Al-Jarallah “The Potential for Reusing Grey
Water and Its Generation Rates for Sustainable
Potable Security in Kuwait”, in Journal of Engg.
Research, Vol.1-(1), June 2013, PP. 97-112.
[5] Jie Zhu, Martin Wagner, Peter Cornel, Hongbin
Chen, Xiaohu Dai, “Feasibility of on-Site Grey-Water
Reuse for Toilet Flushing in China”, In Journal Of
Water Reuse and Desalination, doi:
10.2166/wrd.2016.086.
[6] Solid and Liquid Waste Management in Rural Areas:
A Technical brief note by UNICEF.
[7] Management Information System, Technical Report,
NRCD, Ministry of Environment and forests, Govt of
India, 2005 and 2006.
[8] Manual on sewerage and sewage Treatment-
Government of India Publication.(1993).
[9] Niti Ayog CWMI 2018 REPORTS.

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