Road Safety works on Highway connecting Channapatna-Kavanapura-SRS Hill -

Averahalli- Kailancha- Nagohalli-Hunasanahalli-Urgahalli-Bidadi-Ganakallu-

Nelamangala (New SH) Km 50.00 to Km. 60.70 (Selected Stretches) in Bangalore south
Taluk, Bangalore urban District

Table of Content
1. OVERVIEW ..................................................................................................................... 3
1.1 Road Network in Karnataka ......................................................................................................3
1.2 Accident Scenario .....................................................................................................................3

2. RECONNAISSANCE SURVEY ............................................................................................. 6

2.1 Location of the Blackspot..........................................................................................................6
2.2 Preliminary Study .....................................................................................................................6
2.3 Existing road Condition .............................................................................................................7

3. DATA COLLECTION ......................................................................................................... 9

3.1 Traffic Survey ......................................................................................................................... 11
3.2 Findings from traffic survey .................................................................................................... 12
3.3 Accident Analysis ................................................................................................................... 13
3.4 Crash Definition & Potential Conflict ....................................................................................... 13

4. IMPROVEMENT PROPOSALS ......................................................................................... 14

4.1 Pavement design .................................................................................................................... 14
4.2 Flexible Pavement Design Input .............................................................................................. 15
1) Base Year Traffic on the Project Road ......................................................................................................15
2) Traffic growth rate ....................................................................................................................................15
3) Design life .................................................................................................................................................15
4) Vehicle Damage Factor .............................................................................................................................16
5) Lane Distribution Factor ...........................................................................................................................16
6) CBR ...........................................................................................................................................................16
4.3 Flexible Pavement Design Crust .............................................................................................. 17
4.4 Geometric Design of Project Road ........................................................................................... 17
4.5 Typical Cross section............................................................................................................... 17
4.6 General safety measures ........................................................................................................ 17
1) Road Signs.................................................................................................................................................17
2) Road markings ..........................................................................................................................................19
3) Road studs ................................................................................................................................................19
4) Arrow marking ..........................................................................................................................................19
5) Hazard marking.........................................................................................................................................19
6) Speed breakers/Rumble Strips .................................................................................................................19
7) Transverse Bar Markers ............................................................................................................................20
4.7 Proposed improvements ........................................................................................................ 21

1
 Road Safety works on Highway connecting Channapatna-Kavanapura-SRS Hill -
Averahalli- Kailancha- Nagohalli-Hunasanahalli-Urgahalli-Bidadi-Ganakallu-
Nelamangala (New SH) Km 50.00 to Km. 60.70 (Selected Stretches) in Bangalore south
Taluk, Bangalore urban District
5. COST ESTIMATES .......................................................................................................... 22

List of Tables

Table 1: Share in total accidents during 2016 and 2017............................................................ 4

Table 2: Share in total fatalities during 2016 and 2017 ............................................................. 5
Table 3: Details of PCU’s values adopted ................................................................................. 11
Table 4 : Average daily traffic in Bangalore south Taluk ....................................................... 12
Table 5: Indicative values of VDF ............................................................................................. 16
Table 6 : Lane Distribution Factor............................................................................................ 16
Table 7: Pavement Crust Composition for the Widening Portion of Main Carriageway ... 17
Table 8: List of Traffic Sign for the Proposed Blackspot ....................................................... 18

List of Figures

Figure 1 : Representation of share in total accidents during year 2016 and 2017 .................. 4
Figure 2 : Representation of share in total Fatalities during year 2016 and 2017 .................. 5
Figure 3 : Location of Blackspot.................................................................................................. 6
Figure 4: Blackspot location with nearby villages ..................................................................... 7
Figure 5: Present condition of Blackspot .................................................................................... 8
Figure 6 : Absence of Sign boards, lane markings and deteriorated road. ............................. 8
Figure 7: Earthen Shoulders Encroached by vegetation and improper side drain ....... Error!
Bookmark not defined.
Figure 8: Pavement edge drop ....................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 9: Composition of traffic in terms of Commercial vehicles ........................................ 13
Figure 10: Potential Conflict Points at Sharp curve ................................................................ 14
Figure 11: Pictorial representation of sign boards .................................................................. 18
Figure 12: Table Top Crossing on Main Road......................................................................... 20
Figure 13: Road Hump on the Cross Road .............................................................................. 20
Figure 14: Transverse Bar Marking at the Approach of Junction/Hazardous Location .... 21

2
 Road Safety works on Highway connecting Channapatna-Kavanapura-SRS Hill -
Averahalli- Kailancha- Nagohalli-Hunasanahalli-Urgahalli-Bidadi-Ganakallu-
Nelamangala (New SH) Km 50.00 to Km. 60.70 (Selected Stretches) in Bangalore south
Taluk, Bangalore urban District
1. OVERVIEW
Road safety is a multi-sectoral and multi-dimensional issue; it incorporates the
development and management of road infrastructure, provision of safety vehicles, legislation and
Sand urban land use planning. Expansion in road network, motorisation and urbanization in the
country is accomplished by a rise in road accidents leading to Road Traffic Injuries (RTIs) and
fatalities as a major public health concern. Today road traffic injuries are one of the leading
causes for deaths and disabilities with severe socio-economic cost across the globe.

Road safety has become a matter of consensus among the public in the political sphere,
and among the agencies and government departments responsible with dealing such road safety
issues. While the improvement of road safety with in a country should always be carried out as
an integrated approach which is coordinated between all government authorities, researches and
other organization able to contribute.

1.1 Road Network in Karnataka

Public Works Ports & Inland Water Transport Department is responsible for the
development and maintenance of National Highways, State Highways and Major District Roads,
adding to State Highway of length 19,844.43 Km and Major District Roads of length 50219.84
Km as per MIS 2017.

1.2 Accident Scenario

The problem of road accident is very acute due to its complex flow pattern of vehicular
traffic, presence of mixed traffic condition and pedestrain on the roads. The major elements in
causing road accident may be due to road user, type of vehicle, road and its condition and other
environmental factors. To over come these a separate phase in road safety need to be
implemented with the help of Engineering, Education, Enforcement, Environment and
Emergency care are to be taken care off. As per MORTH Report on ROAD ACCIDENTS IN
INDIA-2017, Karnataka stands 3rd highest state contributing 9.2 % share in the total number of
accidents and 4th highest state contributing 7.2 % share in the total number of fatalities. The
number of accident and fatalities occurred in the year 2016 and 2017 is as shown below.

3
 Road Safety works on Highway connecting Channapatna-Kavanapura-SRS Hill -
Averahalli- Kailancha- Nagohalli-Hunasanahalli-Urgahalli-Bidadi-Ganakallu-
Nelamangala (New SH) Km 50.00 to Km. 60.70 (Selected Stretches) in Bangalore south
Taluk, Bangalore urban District
Table 1: Share in total accidents during 2016 and 2017

2017 2016
Sl.
State
No.
Total accidents % share Total accidents % share

1 Tamilnadu 65562 14.1 71431 14.9

2 Madhya Pradesh 53399 11.5 53972 11.2

3 Karnataka 42542 9.2 44403 9.2

4 Uttar Pradesh 38783 8.3 35612 7.4

5 Kerala 38470 8.3 39420 8.2

State wise share in total accidents

60
Share in total accidents in (%)

50

40

30

20

10

0
Tamil Madhya Karnataka Uttar Kerala Other
nadu Pradesh Pradesh States
Series1 14.9 11.2 9.2 7.4 8.2 49.1
Series2 14.1 11.5 9.2 8.3 8.3 48.6

Figure 1 : Representation of share in total accidents during year 2016 and 2017

4
 Road Safety works on Highway connecting Channapatna-Kavanapura-SRS Hill -
Averahalli- Kailancha- Nagohalli-Hunasanahalli-Urgahalli-Bidadi-Ganakallu-
Nelamangala (New SH) Km 50.00 to Km. 60.70 (Selected Stretches) in Bangalore south
Taluk, Bangalore urban District
Table 2: Share in total fatalities during 2016 and 2017

2017 2016
Sl.
State Person % %
No. Person killed
killed share share
Uttar
1 20124 13.6 19320 12.8
Pradesh
2 Tamilnadu 16157 10.9 17218 11.4

3 Maharashtra 12264 8.3 12935 8.6

4 Karnataka 10609 7.2 11133 7.4

5 Rajasthan 10444 7.1 10465 6.9

State wise share in total Fatalities

60
Share in total fatalitiesin (%)

50

40

30

20

10

0
Tamil Maha Other
Uttar Pradesh Karnataka Rajasthan
nadu rashtra states
Series1 13.6 10.9 8.3 7.2 7.1 52.9
Series2 12.8 11.4 8.6 7.4 6.9 52.9

Figure 2 : Representation of share in total Fatalities during year 2016 and 2017

5
 Road Safety works on Highway connecting Channapatna-Kavanapura-SRS Hill -
Averahalli- Kailancha- Nagohalli-Hunasanahalli-Urgahalli-Bidadi-Ganakallu-
Nelamangala (New SH) Km 50.00 to Km. 60.70 (Selected Stretches) in Bangalore south
Taluk, Bangalore urban District
2. RECONNAISSANCE SURVEY
2.1 Location of the Blackspot
The SH road from Ch: 50.00 to 60.70km at selected reaches is regarded as Blackspot as
per MORTH Office Memorandum No. RW/NH/15017/109/2015/P&M (RSCE) which says,
“Any location on the road of 500m in length which has witnessed 5 accidents or 10 deaths
in three consecutive years is a Blackspot”.

Figure 3 : Location of Blackspot

2.2 Preliminary Study
The New SH connecting Channapatna-Kavanapura-SRS Hill -Averahalli- Kailancha-
Nagohalli-Hunasanahalli-Urgahalli-Bidadi-Ganakallu-Nelamangala. The total length of SH is
85.00km in Karnataka state. The stretch from Ch 48.00km to 65.70 km runs in Bangalore South
Taluk, Bangalore District.

6
 Road Safety works on Highway connecting Channapatna-Kavanapura-SRS Hill -
Averahalli- Kailancha- Nagohalli-Hunasanahalli-Urgahalli-Bidadi-Ganakallu-
Nelamangala (New SH) Km 50.00 to Km. 60.70 (Selected Stretches) in Bangalore south
Taluk, Bangalore urban District
2.3 Existing road Condition
1) Location of Blackspot @ Ch: 54.30 to 54.60km
The location of blackspot is a sharp curve at Ch 54.30 to 54.60 km. The SH is
Intermediate lane carriageway with earthen shoulders on either side, the project stretch is a curve
portion. To be ensured that it is essential to provide traffic speed calming measures at the
approach of the curve portion along with required sign boards and traffic control devices. The
condition of pavement fully deteriorated which requires rehabilitation, shoulder is eroded.
Since the road is a SH there are no indication of cautionary, mandatory sign boards at the
approaches of curves. Lane markings and road studs are absent on this stretch leading to poor
visibility to the driver during night time. The vegetation growth on the shoulders is leading to
poor maintenance. Poor drainage condition. The existing condition of blackspot is as shown in
below figures.

Figure 4: Blackspot location with nearby villages

7
 Road Safety works on Highway connecting Channapatna-Kavanapura-SRS Hill -
Averahalli- Kailancha- Nagohalli-Hunasanahalli-Urgahalli-Bidadi-Ganakallu-
Nelamangala (New SH) Km 50.00 to Km. 60.70 (Selected Stretches) in Bangalore south
Taluk, Bangalore urban District

Figure 5: Present condition of Blackspot

Figure 6 : Absence of Sign boards, lane markings and edge breaks.

8
 Road Safety works on Highway connecting Channapatna-Kavanapura-SRS Hill -
Averahalli- Kailancha- Nagohalli-Hunasanahalli-Urgahalli-Bidadi-Ganakallu-
Nelamangala (New SH) Km 50.00 to Km. 60.70 (Selected Stretches) in Bangalore south
Taluk, Bangalore urban District
2) Location of Blackspot @ Ch: 59.50 to 59.70km
The location of blackspot is a sharp curve at Ch 59.5 to 59.70 km.. The SH is
Intermediate lane carriageway with earthen shoulders on either side, the project stretch is a curve
portion. To be ensured that it is essential to provide traffic speed calming measures at the
approach of the curve portion along with required sign boards and traffic control devices. The
condition of pavement is deteriorated with alligator cracks and pot holes; the traffic is
predominant in the project stretch with exceeding lane capacity.
Since the road is a SH there are no indication of cautionary, mandatory sign boards at the
approaches of curves. Lane markings and road studs are absent on this stretch leading to poor
visibility to the driver during night time. The vegetation growth on the shoulders is leading to
poor maintenance and stagnation of rain water. No proper side drains along the project stretch.
The existing condition of blackspot is as shown in below figures.

Figure 7: Blackspot location with nearby villages

9
 Road Safety works on Highway connecting Channapatna-Kavanapura-SRS Hill -
Averahalli- Kailancha- Nagohalli-Hunasanahalli-Urgahalli-Bidadi-Ganakallu-
Nelamangala (New SH) Km 50.00 to Km. 60.70 (Selected Stretches) in Bangalore south
Taluk, Bangalore urban District

Figure 8: Present condition of Blackspot

Figure 9 : Absence of Sign boards, lane markings and deteriorated road.

10
 Road Safety works on Highway connecting Channapatna-Kavanapura-SRS Hill -
Averahalli- Kailancha- Nagohalli-Hunasanahalli-Urgahalli-Bidadi-Ganakallu-
Nelamangala (New SH) Km 50.00 to Km. 60.70 (Selected Stretches) in Bangalore south
Taluk, Bangalore urban District
3. DATA COLLECTION
The following secondary data was collected from various sources:

3.1 Traffic Survey

Primary data obtained is analysed to obtain Average Daily Traffic (ADT), composition
of traffic stream, for design of flexible pavement. These traffic volumes are considered as
present day volumes with an average growth rate of 5.0 % per year as per IRC: 37 – 2012.
These growth rates are used for traffic projection and design traffic for pavement design
wherever required, which are basis for design of flexible pavement. Appropriate Passenger Car
Unit (PCU) values as per IRC-64:1990 are adopted for the conversion of heterogeneous traffic
into a stream of homogeneous traffic. The PCU values for different vehicle categories, as used
are presented in Table-3.
Two days traffic surveys was conducted for the project stretch and were converted in
terms of Average Daily Traffic and Commercial vehicles is as shown in Table 4
Table 3: Details of PCU’s values adopted

Vehicle Type PCU Vehicle Type PCU

Two Wheeler 0.5 Articulated/ Semi Articulated 4.5

Three Wheeler 1.0 Agri. Tractors with Trailers 4.5

Car 1.0 Agri. Tractors 1.5

Mini Bus 1.5 Cycle 0.5

Full Bus 3.0 Cycle Rickshaw 2.0

LCV 1.5 Hand Cart 3.0

2-Axle Truck 3.0 Horse-drawn vehicle 4.0

3-Axle Truck 4.5 Bullock Cart 6.0

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 Road Safety works on Highway connecting Channapatna-Kavanapura-SRS Hill -Averahalli- Kailancha- Nagohalli-
Hunasanahalli-Urgahalli-Bidadi-Ganakallu-Nelamangala (New SH) Km 50.00 to Km. 60.70 (Selected Stretches) in Bangalore
south Taluk, Bangalore urban District

Table 4 : Average daily traffic in Bangalore south Taluk

FAST MOVING VEHICLES SLOW MOVING VEHICLES

PROJECTED TRAFFIC
TOTAL VEHICLES
COMMERCIAL VEHICLES
BULLO
GOODS
CK
VEHICLES
CARTS
TWOWHEELE

TOTAL SLOW
CAR/JEEP/TA

MULTI AXLE

TOTAL FAST
VAN/TEMPO
RICKSHAW

RICKSHAW
VEHICLES
TRACTOR
MINI BUS

WOODEN
TRAILER

MOVING

MOVING
RUBBER
DRAWN
2 AXLE

WHEEL
3 AXLE

CYCLE
CYCLE

HORSE
PEDAL
BUSES

RIGID
AUTO

WITH

TYRE
LCV
XI
R

AVERAGE
DAILY 1922 269 634 149 214 198 767 882 1174 287 101 6597 46 4 0 0 0 50 6647 13818.64
TRAFFIC
PASSENGER
CAR UNITS 961 269 634 149 321 594 1151 2646 3522 1291.5 454.5 11992.5 23 8 0 0 0 31 12024 24995.99
(PCU)

3.2 Findings from traffic survey

• Average daily traffic along the project road in terms of total number of vehicles is 6597 and in terms of PCU are 24996.
• The total number of commercial vehicle per day is 3772.
• The composition of traffic indicates predominant movement of 3 Axle and 2 Axle rigid vehicles along the project road is as
shown in figure below

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 Road Safety works on Highway connecting Channapatna-Kavanapura-SRS Hill -
Averahalli- Kailancha- Nagohalli-Hunasanahalli-Urgahalli-Bidadi-Ganakallu-
Nelamangala (New SH) Km 50.00 to Km. 60.70 (Selected Stretches) in Bangalore south
Taluk, Bangalore urban District

Share ofTRACTOR
traffic interms of CVPD
WITH
MULTI AXLE TRAILER VAN/TEMPOMINI BUS
8% 3% 4% 6%
BUSES
5%

3 AXLE LCV
31% 20%

2 AXLE RIGID
23%

VAN/TEMPO MINI BUS BUSES LCV 2 AXLE RIGID 3 AXLE MULTI AXLE TRACTOR WITH TRAILER

Figure 10: Composition of traffic in terms of Commercial vehicles

3.3 Accident Analysis
The number of accidents and fatalities occurred in last 3 years (2016, 2017 &2018)
near XXXXX are X and X respectively and is taken from XXXXXXX Traffic police station.
As per MORT&H definition, the site studies show that the location is regarded as a
Blackspot.

3.4 Crash Definition & Potential Conflict

Road crash can be defined as “A rare, multi-factor event always preceded by a
situation in which one or more road users have failed to cope with their environment,
resulting in a vehicle collision”. Road crashes are complex events and there is rarely ever a
single cause. Nature and type of collision is as given below

1. Head on collision
2. Rear end collision
3. Brush/side swipe
4. Right angled collision
5. Right turn collision.

13
 Road Safety works on Highway connecting Channapatna-Kavanapura-SRS Hill -
Averahalli- Kailancha- Nagohalli-Hunasanahalli-Urgahalli-Bidadi-Ganakallu-
Nelamangala (New SH) Km 50.00 to Km. 60.70 (Selected Stretches) in Bangalore south
Taluk, Bangalore urban District
In the present spot, the potential conflicting movement of traffic warranting for a
curve improvement is as follows:

a. Head-on crashes between trucks/buses with small vehicles (especially

motorcycles) on the curve mainly due to overtaking.
b. Run-off-road crashes on the sweeping right hand curve.
c. Inadequate Visibility Splay due to ribbon development.

Figure 11: Potential Conflict Points at Sharp curve

4. IMPROVEMENT PROPOSALS
4.1 Pavement design
The design for flexible pavement is carried out based on IRC: 37-2012 guidelines.
• The design traffic is considered in terms of cumulative number of standard axles to
be carried during the design life of the road.
• Design traffic computations involve estimates of the initial volume of commercial
vehicles per day, lateral distribution of traffic, the growth rate and the design life in
years
• The vehicle damage factor to convert commercial vehicles to standard axles is also
considered.

14
 Road Safety works on Highway connecting Channapatna-Kavanapura-SRS Hill -
Averahalli- Kailancha- Nagohalli-Hunasanahalli-Urgahalli-Bidadi-Ganakallu-
Nelamangala (New SH) Km 50.00 to Km. 60.70 (Selected Stretches) in Bangalore south
Taluk, Bangalore urban District
• Based on the cumulative number of standard axle and design CBR adopted the
pavement thickness is arrived based on the charts available in IRC: 37-2012.
Flexible pavement is designed keeping the anticipated traffic on the project road as
base year traffic and projecting the same for a design period of 15 years. From the traffic
volume count, commercial vehicles are considered for the pavement design.

The following equation is used to compute the design traffic in terms of the
cumulative number of standard axles.
365 × [(1 + 𝑟)𝑛 − 1]
𝑁= ×𝐴×𝐷×𝐹
𝑟

Where
N - Cumulative number of standard axles to be catered for in the design in terms of msa.
A - Initial traffic in the year of completion of construction in terms of the number of
Commercial Vehicles per Day (CVPD), A=P (1+r) x
D - Lane distribution factor
F - Vehicle Damage Factor (VDF)
n - Design life in years
r - Annual growth rate of commercial vehicles in decimal
P = Number of commercial vehicles as per last count.
x = Number of years between the last count and the year of completion of construction

4.2 Flexible Pavement Design Input

1) Base Year Traffic on the Project Road

Initial Traffic in terms of commercial vehicles per day is considered for the
pavement design. No. of commercial vehicles are derived based on the traffic volume count
conducted on the project road section. Number of commercial vehicles per day is found to be
3772.

2) Traffic growth rate

The traffic growth rate is considered as 5% as per IRC: 37-2012 guidelines.

3) Design life
For the design of pavement, the design life is defined in terms of the
cumulative number of standard axles that can be carried before strengthening of the
pavement is necessary. The design life considered for the project road is 15 years.

15
 Road Safety works on Highway connecting Channapatna-Kavanapura-SRS Hill -
Averahalli- Kailancha- Nagohalli-Hunasanahalli-Urgahalli-Bidadi-Ganakallu-
Nelamangala (New SH) Km 50.00 to Km. 60.70 (Selected Stretches) in Bangalore south
Taluk, Bangalore urban District
4) Vehicle Damage Factor
The vehicle damage factor (VDF) is a multiplier to convert the number of
commercial vehicles of different axle loads and axle configuration to the number of
standard axle load repetitions. It is defined as equivalent number of standard axles
per commercial vehicle. The indicative values of vehicle damage factor as per IRC:
37-2012 are indicated in Table-5. Since the initial traffic volume for the project road
is 3772 commercial vehicles per day and the Project road section falls under ‘Plain
terrain’, the VDF value taken is 4.5.

Table 5: Indicative values of VDF

Sl. Terrain
Initial traffic volume in terms of
No.
number of commercial vehicles per day
Rolling/Plain Hilly

1 0-150 1.5 0.5

2 150-1500 3.5 1.5

3 More than 1500 4.5 2.5

5) Lane Distribution Factor

Assessment of distribution of traffic by direction and by lane is necessary as it
directly affects the total equivalent standard axle load applications used in the design.
Lane Distribution traffic considered for the project road is 0.5 as the project road is
being improved to two lane as shown in below table.

Table 6 : Lane Distribution Factor

Type of lane Distribution factor

Single lane 1.0
Two lane Single carriage way 0.5
Four lane Single carriage way 0.4
Dual carriage way 0.75
Dual three lane carriage way 0.6
Dual four lane carriage way 0.45

6) CBR
The soil CBR for the project stretch is 8.0%

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 Road Safety works on Highway connecting Channapatna-Kavanapura-SRS Hill -
Averahalli- Kailancha- Nagohalli-Hunasanahalli-Urgahalli-Bidadi-Ganakallu-
Nelamangala (New SH) Km 50.00 to Km. 60.70 (Selected Stretches) in Bangalore south
Taluk, Bangalore urban District
4.3 Flexible Pavement Design Crust
Based on the above-mentioned parameters following pavement crust
composition is obtained from IRC 37-2012 for the widening portion of the main
carriageway from intermediate lane to two lane for design traffic of 75 MSA.
Table 7: Pavement Crust Composition for the Widening Portion of Main Carriageway

Design Crust Details Layer Thickness, mm Proposed Thickness, mm

Granular Sub Base (GSB) 200 200
Wet Mix Macadam (WMM) 250 250
Dense Bituminous Macadam
110 75
(DBM)
Bituminous Concrete (BC) 45 40
Total Pavement Thickness
605 565
over the subgrade
Consider the top surface as stage construction due to financial constraints.

4.4 Geometric Design of Project Road

Geometric design of the project road is carried out as per IRC: 73 – 1980, IRC: 86 –
1983 and IRC: SP-23 – 1983 Guidelines.

4.5 Typical Cross section

The cross-section elements of typical cross-section of the project road such as,
carriageway, shoulder etc., were finalized based on the project requirement and in
consultation with the Department.

4.6 General safety measures

The following safety measures have been provided on the project road for the safety of
road users.
1) Road Signs
The purpose of road signs is to promote road safety and efficiency by providing for the
orderly movement of all road users on all roads in both urban and non-urban areas. Road
signs notify road users of regulations and provide warning and guidance needed for safe,
uniform and efficient operation. Road signs have been proposed at curves. The
information/direction boards are provided based on the Transport Medium and the regional
writings are given using the software Nudi. The proposed signs distance and dimensions are

17
 Road Safety works on Highway connecting Channapatna-Kavanapura-SRS Hill -
Averahalli- Kailancha- Nagohalli-Hunasanahalli-Urgahalli-Bidadi-Ganakallu-
Nelamangala (New SH) Km 50.00 to Km. 60.70 (Selected Stretches) in Bangalore south
Taluk, Bangalore urban District
in conformity with IRC 67-2012. List of traffic signs along with pictorial representation are
given in Table 8 and figure 11 respectively.
Table 8: List of Traffic Sign for the Proposed Blackspot

Road Safety works on Highway connecting Channapatna-

Kavanapura-SRS Hill -Averahalli- Kailancha- Nagohalli-
Name of the
Hunasanahalli-Urgahalli-Bidadi-Ganakallu-Nelamangala (New SH)
work
Km 50.00 to Km. 60.70 (Selected Stretches) in Bangalore south
Taluk, Bangalore urban District
Road Type New SH

Narrow Road one Road Widening one

Rumble strips(x4)
side(x4) side(x4)
Cautionary
Sign Boards
Right curve(x2) Left curve(x2) Chevron(x12)

Mandatory
Non overtaking (x4) Speed limit (x4) Prohibition End(x4)
Sign Boards

Figure 12: Pictorial representation of sign boards

18
 Road Safety works on Highway connecting Channapatna-Kavanapura-SRS Hill -
Averahalli- Kailancha- Nagohalli-Hunasanahalli-Urgahalli-Bidadi-Ganakallu-
Nelamangala (New SH) Km 50.00 to Km. 60.70 (Selected Stretches) in Bangalore south
Taluk, Bangalore urban District
2) Road markings
Road markings perform an important function of guiding and controlling traffic on a
highway. The markings serve as a psychological barrier and thus help to signify the
delineation of traffic path and its lateral clearance from traffic hazards facilitating safe
movement. Road markings at junctions have been proposed. Road marking along the centre
and edge are provided considering the section as ‘no overtaking section’. The proposed road
markings shall be in conformity with IRC 35-2015, page 18, clause 4.6.3.
3) Road studs
Retro reflective studs are used to supplement longitudinal/transverse road markings,
which would improve the visibility in night times and adverse weather conditions. Retro
reflective studs are proposed at curves, village limits and intersections. The studs provided
are in conformity with IRC 35-2015, page 26, clause 5.5 and 5.5.1.
4) Arrow marking
Directional arrows are used in advance to guide drivers to correct lane when approaching
busy intersections whether signal controlled or not. Arrow markings are provided as per IRC:
35-2015, page 45, clause 8.1.
5) Hazard marking
Road side hazards like bridges, trees, cross drainage structure which are coming in the
roadway are to be illuminated by retro reflective Object Hazard Markers (OHM).
6) Speed breakers/Rumble Strips
It is essential to provide the Raised Pedestrian Crossing called Speed Table, where the
vertical deflection is achieved to reduce the speed and flat topped portion for the pedestrian to
cross on the main highway. Table top is proposed as per Fig. 3.6 of IRC 99-2018. Further
rumble strips, 250 mm wide and 25mm height in rectangular shape at 1.00 mtr centre to
centre for the entire formation width of road using pre mix bituminous material, including
providing WBM (2 layers) for shoulder portions, applying tack coat as per IRC 99-1988.
Further the cross road can be provided with a road hump as per fig 11.1 of IRC 35-2015 as
pertinent to the speed of vehicles approaching from the cross road.

19
 Road Safety works on Highway connecting Channapatna-Kavanapura-SRS Hill -
Averahalli- Kailancha- Nagohalli-Hunasanahalli-Urgahalli-Bidadi-Ganakallu-
Nelamangala (New SH) Km 50.00 to Km. 60.70 (Selected Stretches) in Bangalore south
Taluk, Bangalore urban District

Figure 13: Table Top Crossing on Main Road

Figure 14: Road Hump on the Cross Road

7) Transverse Bar Markers
Being a high speed corridor, it is essential to warn the drivers sufficiently ahead of the
envisaged vertical shift on road (Table Top Crossing). Hence transverse bar markers of 4 sets
300mm wide and 7.5mm height, 600mm distance apart (One set consists of 6 strips) is
envisaged prior to the Table top crossing/Rumble strips on the approach direction. Since the
plying traffic are of speed order in excess of 60 Kmph, First set of transverse bar marking
will be placed at a distance of 50m, second set at 80m, third set at 120m and fourth set at
180m prior to the Junction/Hazardous Location as an alerting measure/traffic calming
measure as per Fig 3.14 of IRC 99-2018.

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 Road Safety works on Highway connecting Channapatna-Kavanapura-SRS Hill -
Averahalli- Kailancha- Nagohalli-Hunasanahalli-Urgahalli-Bidadi-Ganakallu-
Nelamangala (New SH) Km 50.00 to Km. 60.70 (Selected Stretches) in Bangalore south
Taluk, Bangalore urban District

Figure 15: Transverse Bar Marking at the Approach of Junction/Hazardous Location

4.7 Proposed improvements
The following are the improvements are proposed as per IRC guidelines to rectify the
blackspot.
a) The main road (SH) is being widened from intermediate lane to two lane (7.5) on
single side of the road at Ch 54.30 to 54.60km and 59.50 to 59.70km for a length
of 300m and 200m.
b) The bitumen overlay is provided for a selected stretches from 54.15km to
61.00km.
c) Provision of CC drains at Kudusiddanapalya and Puradapalya for a length of
310m and 250m respectively.
d) Provision of CC Culverts
e) Provision of High mast light of 4 Nos.
f) Provision of Road humps/speed breaker.
g) Lane markings (Edge line marking, Centre line marking, Transverse marking and
Arrow marking).
h) Road studs
i) Signages.

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 Road Safety works on Highway connecting Channapatna-Kavanapura-SRS Hill -
Averahalli- Kailancha- Nagohalli-Hunasanahalli-Urgahalli-Bidadi-Ganakallu-
Nelamangala (New SH) Km 50.00 to Km. 60.70 (Selected Stretches) in Bangalore south
Taluk, Bangalore urban District
5. COST ESTIMATES
The cost estimates are prepared based on the Current Schedule of Rates of the KPWD,
Bangalore Circle with allowable weightages and other recommendations in the Schedule of
Rates. The provision for the GST and other allowable item or works and incidental charges
are made in the estimate. The estimated cost of the project works out to Rs: 460.00 lakhs
(Rupees Four hundred and Sixty Lakhs only).

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