CHUYÊN ĐỀ : REPORTED SPEECH – CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT

A. LÍ THUYẾT
Câu tường thuật là loại câu thuật lại lời nói của người khác dưới dạng gián tiếp.
I. Một số thay đổi cơ bản khi tường thuật
Khi chuyển từ câu nói trực tiếp sang câu nói gián tiếp có những thay đổi sau:
1. Các đại từ

Các đại từ Trực Gián tiếp

tiếp
Subject pronouns I he/ she
You I/ We/ They
We We/ They
Object pronouns me him/ her
you me/ us/ them
us us/ them
Possessi my his/ her
ve your my/ our/ their
adjective our our/ their
s
Possessi mine his/ hers
ve yours mine/ ours/
pronoun theirs
s ours ours/ theirs
Demonstratives this that
these those

2. Trạng từ chỉ thời gian

Trực Gián
tiếp tiếp
Today that day
Tonight that night
Tomorrow the next day/ the following day
Tomorrow morning the next morning
Yesterday the day before/ the previous day
Ago before
Now then
Next (Tuesday) the next/ following Tuesday
Last (Tuesday) the previous Tuesday/ the Tuesday before
The day after tomorrow in two days' time/ two days later
The day before yesterday two days before
Here there

3. Thì của động từ

Tên thì Trực tiếp Gián tiếp

Hiện tại đơn - V(bare)/V(s,es) - Ved/ V (cột 2)
He said: "I live in a big city." He said (that) he lived in a big city.
- am/is/are - Was/were
She said: "I am at home." She said (that) she was at home.
Quá khứ đơn - Ved/V (cột 2) - Had + VPII
Peter said: "I did it by myself." Peter said (that) he had done it by
- Was/were himself.
Mary said: "I was in the park last - Had been
Sunday." Mary said (that) she had been in the
 park the Sunday before.

Hiện tại tiếp diễn Am/is/are + V-ing Was/were + V-ing

She said: "we are learning now." She said (that) she was learning then.
Quá khứ tiếp diễn Was/were + V-ing Had + been + V-ing
He said: "I was sleeping then." He said (that) he had been sleeping
then
Hiện tại hoàn Have/has + Vp2 Had + Vp2
thành He said: "Someone has stolen my bag." He said fthati someone had stolen his
bag
Hiện tại hoàn Have/has + been + Ving Had + been + Ving
thành tiếp diễn She said: "I have been waiting for you She said (that) she had been waiting
for 3 hours." for me for 3 hours.
Tương lai đơn Will/shall + V(bare) Would + V(bare)
Lan said: "I will call you tonight." Lan said fthatf) she would call me that
night.
Tương lai gần Am/is/are + going to + V Was/were + going to + V
Huong said: "we are going to have a Huong said (that) they were going to
party next weekend." have a party the next weekend."
Động từ khuyết Can Could
thiếu He said: "I can’t come on time." He said (that) he couldn't come on
time.
- Must/have to (sự bắt buộc) - Had to
She said: "I must take care of my little She said (that) she had to take care of
brother." her little brother.
- Must (sự suy diễn) - Must
He said: "You must be tired now." He said (that) I must be tired then.
- Must (đưa ra lời khuyên) - Must
My father said: "This exam is very My father said (that) that exam was
important. You must prepare for it well." very important and I must prepare for
it well.
- Mustn't (sự cấm đoán) - Mustn't
She said: "You mustn't make noise here." She said (that) I mustn't make noise
there.
May Might
My teacher said: "You may My teacher said (that) we might use
use dictionaries for this test." dictionaries for that test.
Need Needed/had to
He said: "I need do it now." He said (that) he needed/had to do it
then.
- Needn't (dùng ờ hiện tại) - Needn't/didn't have to
She said: "We needn't set off early." She said (that) they needn't/didn't have
to set off early.
- Needn't (dùng ở tương lai) - Wouldn't have to
He said: "You needn't come He said (that) I wouldn't have to come
here tomorrow." here the next day.
II. Không thay đổi thì động từ
1. Khi động từ tường thuật ở thì hiện tại hoặc tương lai
Ví dụ: He says: "I have just finished my work."
He says (that) he has just finished his work.
2. Khi động từ tường thuật ở thì quá khứ, cũng không có thay đổi thì động từ trong những trường hợp
sau
a. Tường thuật một sự thật hiển nhiên, một chân lí
Ví dụ: The little boy said: "Mother's mother is grandmother."
 The little boy said mother's mother is grandmother.
b. Khi động từ trong câu trực tiếp có các thì: quá khứ tiếp diễn kết hợp với quá khứ đơn, quá khứ đơn
với quá khứ hoàn thành, quá khứ đơn (đi kèm thời gian cụ thể)
Ví dụ: He said: "I was doing my homework when my mother came in."
He said (that) he was doing his homework when his mother came in.
He said: "I was born in 2000."
He said (that) he was born in 2000.
c. Khi động từ trong câu trực tiếp có: used to, should, would, could, might, ought to, had better, would
rather
Ví dụ: Peter said: "We used to go fishing in the afternoon."
Peter said (that) they used to go fishing in the afternoon.
d. Khi tường thuật mệnh đề ước muốn với “wish” và “if only” Ví dụ:
He said: "I wish I were taller."
He said (that) he wished he were taller.
e. Câu điều kiện loại 2, 3
Ví dụ: He said: "If I were you, I would apologize to Linda."
He said (that) if he were me, he would apologize to Linda.
f. Cấu trúc: "It's (high/about) time..."
Ví dụ: My mother said: "It is high time you washed the dishes."
My mother said (that) it was high time I washed the dishes.

III. Các loại câu tường thuật

1. Câu tường thuật ở dạng câu kể
Công thức: S + say(s)/said + (that) +
S + V Lưu ý: say(s) /said to sb
tell(s)/told sb Ví dụ:
He said to me: "You are my best friend."
He told me (that) I was his best friend.
2. Câu tường thuật ở dạng câu hỏi
a. Câu hỏi YES-NO
Công thức: S + asked/wanted to know/wondered if/whether + S + V
Ví dụ:
"Did you go with your mother yesterday?" asked he.
He asked me if/whether I had gone with my mother the day before.
b. Câu hỏi có từ để hỏi
Công thức: S + asked (+O)/wanted to know/wondered + Wh-words/how + S + V
Ví dụ:
The teacher asked: "Why didn't you go to class last Friday?"
The teacher asked me why I hadn't gone to class the Friday before.
3. Câu tường thuật với động từ theo sau bằng động từ nguyên thể
- tell/ask sb + to V: bảo/yêu cầu ai làm gì
- advise sb + to V: khuyên ai làm gì
- promise + to V: hứa làm gì
- threaten + to V: đe doạ làm gì
- warn + sb + not to V: cảnh báo không nên làm gì
- invite sb + to V: mời ai làm gì
- remind + sb + to V: nhắc nhở ai làm gì
- encourage sb + to V: khuyến khích ai làm gì
- offer + to V: đề nghị làm gì
- agree + to V: đồng ý làm gì
4. Câu tường thuật với động từ theo sau bằng danh động từ
- accuse sb of + V-ing: buộc tội ai vì làm gì
- admit + V-ing: thừa nhận làm gì
- deny + V-ing: phủ nhận làm gì
- apologize (to sb) for + V-ing: xin lỗi ai vì làm gì
- blame sb for + V-ing: đổ lỗi cho ai vì làm gì
- complain (to sb) about + V-ing: phàn nàn về điều gì
 - confess to V-ing: thú nhận làm gì
- congratulate sb on + V-ing: chúc mừng vì làm gì
- criticize sb for V-ing: chỉ trích vì làm gì
- insist on + V-ing: khăng khăng làm gì
- object to + V-ing: phản đối làm gì
- suggest + V-ing: gợi ý/đề nghị làm gì
- thank sb for + V-ing: cảm ơn ai vì làm gì
- warn sb against + V-ing: cảnh báo ai không nên làm gì
B. BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG
BÀI TẬP TRẮC NGHIỆM
Câu 1: The stranger asked me where I from.
A. come B. coming C. to come D. came
Câu 2: [Link] wanted to know what time .
A. the movie began B. the movie begins
C. does the movie begin D. did the movies begin
Câu 3: Mary said she there the day before.
A. is B. had been C. will be D. would be
Câu 4: She told me her up at six o’clock.
A. please pick B. to pick C. should pick D. I can pick
Câu 5: He said that Ha and his friend married .
A. were getting/tomorrow B. are getting/the next day
C. were getting/the next day D. will get/the day after
Câu 6: The teacher said :” I didn’t see her” → The teacher said her.
A. he had seen B. I hadn’t seen C. he didn’t see D. he hadn’t seen
Câu 7: I wondered the right thing.
A. if I am doing B. was I doing
C. am I doing D. whether I was doing
Câu 8: Tom that his mother was in hospital.
A. told me B. told to me C. said me D. asked me
Câu 9: He asked his mother what _.
A. time was it B. time is it
C. time it was D. none is correct
Câu 10: Minh him up when the bus came there.
A. told her wake B. asked her to wake
C. said her to wake D. requested her wake
Câu 11: “Please don’t tell anyone what happened”, An said to me.
A. An said to me please don’t tell anyone what happened.
B. An told me didn’t tell anyone what had happened.
C. An said me not to tell anyone what happened.
D. An told me not to tell anyone what had happened.
Câu 12: “Would you like to go to the cinema with me tonight”, he said to me.
A. He invited me to go to the cinema with him that night.
B. He offered me to go to the cinema with him tonight.
C. He asked me if I’d like to go to the cinema with him tonight.
D. He would like me to go to the cinema with him this night.
Câu 13: “ Can I take a friend to the party?” → Hung asked me .
A. Hung asked me if he could take a friend to the party.
B. Hung wanted to ask someone to take his friend to the party.
C. Hung knew that taking a friend to the party was good.
D. I wanted to invite his friend to the party.
Câu 14: “I’m really sorry for being late again”, said Nga.
A. I felt sorry for Nga’s being late again. B. Nga was sorry for my being late again.
C. Nga excused for my being late again. D. Nga apologized for being late again.
Câu 15: Miss Lan said to him “ Why are you so late? Did your car have a flat tire?”
A. Miss Lan told him why was he so late and did your car have a flat tire.
B. Miss Lan asked him why was he so late and did your car have have a flat tire.
C. Miss Lan asked him why was he so late and if your car have have a flat tire.
D. Miss Lan asked him why he was so late and whether his car had a flat tire.
Câu 16: “Don’t play ball near the restricted area.” I said to the boy.
A. I warned the boy not play ball near the restricted area.
B. I warned not to play ball near the restricted area.
C. I warned the boy against playing ball near the restricted area.
D. I warned the boy against for playing ball near the restricted area.
Câu 17: “You stole my bike”, he said.
A. He accused me of having stolen his bike.
B. He accused me of steal his bike.
C. He said to me not to stole his bike.
D. He warned me not to stole his bike.
Câu 18: Julia said that she there at noon.
A. is going to be B. was going to be C. will be D. can be
Câu 19: He that he was leaving way that afternoon.
A. told me B. told to me C. said me D. says to me
Câu 20: She told me .
A. think well before I answered B. think well before I answer
C. to think well before I answered D. think well before I will answer
Câu 21: I him to sell that old motorbike.
A. said to B. suggested C. advised D. recommended
Câu 22: My parents reminded me the flowers.
A. remember to plant B. not to plant to plant
C. to plant D. planting
Câu 23: I asked Martha to enter law school.
A. are you planning B. is she planning
C. was she planning D. if she was planning
Câu 24: Nam wanted to know what time .
A. does the movie begin B. did the movie begin
C. the movie begins D. the movie began
Câu 25: I wondered the right thing.
A. whether I was doing B. if I am doing
C. was I doing D. am I doing

Câu 26. “I’ll tell you about this tomorrow, Mary”, said Tom.
A. Tom said to Mary that he will tell her about that the next day.
B. Tom told Mary that I would tell you about that the next day.
C. Tom told Mary that he would tell her about that the next day.
D. Tom told Mary that she would tell him about that the next day.
 Câu 27. “I have something to tell you”, Mary said to John.
A. Mary told John I had something to tell him.
B. Mary told John she had something to tell him.
C. Mary told John she had had something to tell him.
D. Mary told John he had had something to tell her.
Câu 28. He said, “My wife has just bought a diamond ring.”
A. He said that his wife had just bought a diamond ring.
B. He said that my wife had just bought a diamond ring.
C. He said that his wife has just bought a diamond ring.
D. He said that his wife just bought a diamond ring.
Câu 29. “I will come with you as soon as I am ready”, she said to Philip.
A. She said to Philip he will come to see you as soon as he I am ready.
B. She told Philip she will come to see her as soon as she was ready.
C. She told Philip she would come to see you as soon as she was ready.
D. She told Philip she would come to see him as soon as she was ready.
Câu 30. “I wrote to him yesterday”.
A. She said to me I wrote to him the day before.
B. She told me she wrote to him yesterday.
C. She told me she had written to him yesterday.
D. She told me she had written to him the day before.
Câu 31. “He is talking to your sister”, she said to me.
A. She told me he was talking to your sister.
B. She told me she was talking to my sister.
C. She told me he was talking to my sister.
D. She told me he was talking to her sister.
Câu 32. “It is the time to check what you have done”, the father said to the boys.
A. The father said to the boys it was time to check what they had done.
B. The father told the boys it was time to check what they had done.
C. The father told the boys it was time to check what they have done.
D. The father told the boys it is time to check what they had done.
Câu 33. “You will like my sister when you meet her.”
A. He told me you will like her sister when you meet her.
B. He told me I will like his sister when I met her.
C. He told me I would like his sister when I met her.
D. He told me I would be liked his sister when I met her.
Câu 34. “I didn’t meet Susan last week.”
A. He said he didn’t meet Susan the week before.
B. He said he hasn’t met Susan last week.
C. He said he hadn’t met Susan last week.
D. He said he hadn’t met Susan the week before.
Câu 35. “I didn’t break your watch.”
A. The boy told the girl he hadn’t broken her watch.
B. The boy told the girl he didn’t break her watch.
C. The boy asked the girl he hadn’t broken her watch.
D. The boy told the girl he hadn’t broken your watch.
Câu 36. “Could you tell me how to get to the airport?”
A. He asked me how to get to the airport.
B. He said if I could tell him the airport.
C. He told me how to get to the airport.
D. He asked me to tell how to get to the airport.
Câu 37. “Have you heard of her marriage?”
A. She asked me if I hear of their marriage.
B. She asked me whether I had heard of their marriage.
C. She asked me if I had heard of their marriage.
D. B and C.
Câu 38. Cindy said: “I haven’t seen John since last month.”
A. Cindy said she hasn’t seen John since the previous month.
B. Cindy said she hadn’t seen John since the previous month.
C. Cindy said she wasn’t seen John since the previous month.
D. Cindy said she doesn’t see John since the previous month.
Câu 39. The little boy said: “Two and two makes four.”
A. The little boy said that two and two made four.
B. The little boy said that two and two have made four.
C. The little boy said that two and two had made four.
D. The little boy said that two and two makes four.
Câu 40. “If I were you, I would go to the doctor”, Minh said to Lan.
A. Minh told Lan to become a doctor.
B. Minh advised Lan to go to the doctor.
C. Minh told Lan that he would to go to the doctor.
D. Minh advised Lan not to go to the doctor
Câu 41. His wife said to him: “Write to me as often as you can.”
A. His wife told him to write to her as often as he can.
B. His wife told him to write to her as often as he could.
C. His wife told him writing to her as often as he could.
D. His wife told him writing to her as often as he can.
Câu 42. “What were you doing last night, Mr John?”, asked the police.
A. The police asked what were you doing last night, Mr John.
B. The police asked Mr John what he had been doing the night before.
C. The police asked Mr John what he had been done the night before.
D. The police asked Mr John what had he been done the night before.
Câu 43. My friend asked me who the piano in the sitting room.
A. was playing B. plays C. is playing D. has played
Câu 44. The teacher told his students laughing.
A. would stop B. to stop C. stop D. stopped
Câu 45. Mary asked me .
A. whether I would watch the football match on TV the day before.
B. whether I watched the football match on TV the day before.
C. If I had watch the football match on TV the day before.
D. whether I had watched the football match on TV the day before.
Câu 46. “Why hasn’t Minh phoned? ” she wondered
A. She wondered why Minh hasn’t phoned.
B. She wondered why Minh didn’t phone.
C. She wondered why Minh hadn’t phoned.
D. She wondered why hadn’t Minh phoned.
Câu 47. Jennifer asked me where the week before.
A. had I gone B. did I go C. I had gone D. was I going
Câu 48. Tom asked me .
A. if was I having a good time last year.
B. whether I had had a good time the year before.
C. if would I have a good time the year before.
D. whether I have had a good time the year before.
Câu 49. Do you know where ?
A. he lives B. did he live C. does he live D. he live
Câu 50. She asked me _ the seat or not.
A. if/had occupied B. whether/was occupied
C. if/has been occupied D. whether/occupied
Question 51. John asked the teacher in Spanish.
A. what does this word mean B. what that word means
C. what did this word mean D. what that word meant
Question 52. He said he_ at the Daewoo Hotel.
A. is staying B. has stayed C. was staying D. will stay
Question 53. She asked me I liked country music.
A. if B. whether C. that D. A&B
Question 54. The students asked if I was going to give them the tests
A. the next day B. next day
C. day next D. the day next
Question 55. Joe asked me how long I Chemistry at that school.
A. teach B. is teaching
C. have taught D. had taught
Question 56. He asked me with whom I French.
A. studied B. study
C. am studying D. have studied
Question 57. John asked me fond of any kind of sports.
A. if I am B. if I was C. if was I D. if I were
Question 58. “How are you?” he asked.
A. He asked me how are you. B. He asked me how I am
C. He asked me how was I. D. He asked me how I was.
Question 59. Joe said to Adele: “Where are you going?”
A. Joe asked Adele where was she going.
B. Joe asked Adele where she was going.
C. Joe asked Adele where is she going.
D. Joe asked Adele where she is going.
Question 60. “Go home,” said the teacher to the kids.
A. The teacher told the kids to go home.
B. The teacher said the kids to go home.
C. The teacher told the kids go home.
D. The teacher told to the kids to go home.
Question 61. “I didn’t meet Susan last week”, he said.
A. He said he didn’t meet Susan the week before.
B. He said he hasn’t met Susan last week.
C. He said he hadn’t met Susan last week.
D. He said he hadn’t met Susan the week before.
Question 62. “We are ready to start a new project”, they said to us.
A. They told us they are ready to start a new project.
B. They told us they will ready to start a new project.
C. They told us we were ready to start a new project.
D. They told us they were ready to start a new project.
Question 63. “I have finished the test”, Orla said to me.
A. She told me she has finished the test.
B. She told me she finished the test.
C. She told me she had finished the test.
D. She told me she has been finished the test.
Question 64. “Please bring me some chicken soup,” he said to the waitress.
A. He asked the waitress bring him some chicken soup.
B. He asked the waitress to bring her some chicken soup.
C. He asked the waitress to bring him some chicken soup.
D. He asked the waitress bring her some chicken soup.
 Question 65. “Don’t shout”, she said to me.
A. She told me don’t shout. B. She told to me not to shout.
C. She told me not to shout. D. She said to me don’t shout.
Question 66. “I wrote to a friend yesterday”, she said.
A. She told me she had written to her friend the day before.
B. She said to me I wrote to a friend the day before.
C. She told me she had written to a friend yesterday.
D. She told me she wrote to a friend yesterday.
Question 67. “Can you lend me some money?”, he asked me.
A. He asked me can you lend him some money.
B. He asked me could you lend him some money.
C. He asked me if I can lend him some money.
D. He asked me if I could lend him some money.
Question 68. Charlie said, “I’ll see you tomorrow”.
A. Charlie said he’ll see me tomorrow.
B. Charlie said he would see me tomorrow.
C. Charlie said he would see me the next day.
D. Charlie said he’ll see me the next day.
Question 69. They said to me: “Your father is in the office”.
A. They said that my father is in the office.
B. They said that his father was in the office.
C. They said that his father is in the office.
D. They said that my father was in the office.
Question 70. “Can you open the door for me, Patrick?” Donna asked.
A. Donna asked to open the door for her, Patrick.
B. Donna asked Patrick to open the door for her.
C. Donna asked Patrick open the door for her.
D. Donna asked Patrick to open the door for me.
Exercise 4: Chọn phương án đúng
1. The interviewer asked me what experience for the job.
A. do you get B. did I get C. I got D. you got
2. They asked me whether I was working
A. next day afternoon B. the afternoon followed
C. the following afternoon D. tomorrow afternoon
3. "Where have you been hiding?", she asked. She asked me where hiding.
A. I have been B. have I been C. had I be D. I had been
4. He asked me home the day before.
A. what time I leave B. what time I will leave
C. what time I had left D. what time I left
5. John asked me in English.
A. what does this word mean B. what that word means
C. what did this word mean D. what that word meant
6. She said I an angel.
A. am B. was C. were D. have been
7. Laura said she had worked on the assignment since
A. yesterday B. two days ago C. the day before D. the next day
8. John asked me interested in any kind of sports.
A. if I were B. if were I C. if was I D. if I was
9. John asked me that film the night before.
A. that I saw B. had I seen C. if I had seen D. if had I seen
10. The policeman asked us
A. had any of us seen the accident happen
B. if had any of us seen the accident happen
 C. whether any of us had seen the accident happen
D. that if any of us had seen the accident happen
11. I asked him but he said nothing.
A. what the matter was B. what was the matter
C. the matter was what D. what's the matter was
12. James him up when the bus reached the square.
A. told me wake B. asked me to wake
C. said me to wake D. requested me waking
13. Excuse me. Could you tell me ?
A. what time is it B. what is the time C. what time it is D. it is what time
14. We wonder from his office after that scandal.
A. why did he not resign B. why he did not resign
C. why he not resign D. why didn't he resign
15. Jeff wanted to know .
A. that why were his friends laughing B. why were his friends laughing
C. why his friends were laughing D. the reason why his friends laughing
16. Mr Hawk told me that he would give me his answer the day.
A. previous B. following C. before D. last
17. She him whether he liked the steak she cooked.
A. asks B. wondered C. wanted to know D. asked
18. His neighbours sometimes wondered he did for a living.
A. why B. when C. where D. what