Awareness package plan on self care practices among diabetic clients

Name of the researcher : Ms. Shanti Bogati

Name of the topic : Self care practices regarding diabetes mellitus

Group : Diabetic clients

Method of teaching : Lecture, group discussion

Date and Time : --/--/2015

Place :

Duration : 45 minutes

Medium of instruction : Kannada

Av aids : Flash cards and pamphlets

General objectives : At the end of the awareness package session the diabetic clients will gain in depth knowledge regarding different

aspects of diabetes mellitus specifically self care practices for management and control of diabetes.

Specific objectives : On completion of the awareness package session the participants will be able to:

1. Define diabetes mellitus

2. Enlist the risk factors of diabetes mellitus
3. Enumerate the sign and symptoms of diabetes mellitus
4. Discuss the management and control of diabetes mellitus in various domain of selfcare practices
5. Explain the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus.
6. Describe the measures of prevention of diabetes mellitus
7. Explain management and control of diabetes mellitus
8. Discuss various domains of self care practices
9. Enumerate the complication of diabetes mellitus
SN TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT RESEARCHER LEARNING AV EVALUATION
OBJECTIVE ACTIVITY ACTIVITY AIDS
1. 2min INTRODUCTION The researcher Learners listen
Diabetes mellitus is a serious health problem introduces the carefully.
throughout the world and one of the major health topic.
problems in India. It is a chronic and non-
communicable disease which cannot be cure but
can be controlled and managed with regular
exercise, diet drugs and regular follow up.
Regular and proper administration of drugs can
provide desired outcome, control diabetes &
prevent its complication.

2. 1min Define diabetes DEFINITION The researcher Learners listen Pamphl What do you
mellitus Diabetes mellitus is the disorder of carbohydrate defines diabetes carefully. et mean by
metabolism characterized by increased blood mellitus. diabetes
sugar & presence of sugar in the urine caused by mellitus?
an imbalance between insulin supply and insulin
demand.

3. 4min Enlist the risk RISK FACTORS AND CAUSES Researcher Learner listens Flash What are the
factors of  Family history explains the properly. cards risk factors &
diabetes mellitus  Lack of exercise various risk causes
 Obesity factors & causes associated with
 Sedentary work of diabetes diabetes?
 Dietary habits mellitus
 Increase cholesterol
 Coronary heart disease
 Disease of the pancrease
4. 6min Enumerate the SIGNS & SYMPTOMS Researcher Learner listens Flash What are the
signs &  Polyuria (frequent urination) discusses signs carefully and asks cards sign and
symptoms of  Polydipsia (increased thirst) and symptoms questions to clear and symptoms of
diabetes  Polyphagia (excessive hunger) using flash cards. doubts. pamphl diabetes
mellitus.  Weight loss ets mellitus?
 Recurrent blurred vision
 Weakness and fatigue
 Non-healing wounds
If low blood sugar level(hypoglycaemia)
 Cold clammy skin
 Sweating
 Rapid heart rate, palpitation
 Headache
 shakiness
 Thread pulse
If high blood sugar ( hyperglycaemia)
 Dry skin, flushed appearance
 Excessive thirst and hunger
 Abdominal pain
 Nausea and vomiting
 Frequent urination

5. 3min Explain the Diabetes mellitus is characterized by recurrent or Researcher Learner listens Flash What are the
diagnosis of persistent high blood sugar, as per the World explains using carefully. card & diagnostic
diabetes Health Organization people with fasting blood flash cards. pamphl criteria of
mellitus. glucose levels > 126mg/dl and post pandrial blood ets diabetes
glucose level >200mg/dl is diagnosed as diabetes mellitus?
mellitus.
6. 5min Describe the PREVENTION Researcher Learner listens Flash What are the
measures of Diabetes can often be prevented by a person being explains properly. cards & preventive
prevention of a normal body weight, physical exercise, and preventive pamphl measures of
diabetes mellitus following a healthful diet. Dietary changes known measures using ets. diabetes
flash cards and mellitus?
to be effective in helping to prevent diabetes
pamphlets.
include a diet rich in whole grains and fibre, and
choosing good fat such vegetable oils, and fish
etc.

7. 5min Explain CONTROL & MANAGEMENT Researcher Learner listens Flash What are all the
management explains carefully. cards managements
and control of Management concentrates on keeping blood sugar management &pamp of diabetes
diabetes levels as close to normal, without causing low using flash cards hlets. mellitus?
mellitus. blood sugar. This can usually be accomplished
with a healthy diet, exercise, weight loss, and use
of appropriate medications (insulin and oral
medications).

8. 15min Discuss various It includes following practices; Researcher Learner listens Flash What are
domains of self EXERCISE discuss about carefully. cards various aspects
care practices. selfcare as it can help the patient to lose weight, exercise. of self care
and then also improve the body´s insulin practices to
sensitivity and glycaemic control. control
 You should perform physical exercise diabetes?
regularly.
 Make a habit of walking daily at least for
half an hour regularly.
 Engage yourself in various kind of
household activities such as kitchen
gardening, farm works etc instead of
sitting at home during leisure.
  Avoid using vehicles if it is walk able
distance for you to go for work.
Dietary practices
A diabetes diet is simply a healthy eating plan Researcher Learner listens
that is high in nutrients, low in fat and added explains about carefully.
sugar, and moderate in calories. It is a healthy diet dietary practices.
for anyone. The only difference is that you need to
pay more attention to some of your food choices
most notably the carbohydrates you eat.
 Choose high fibre diets but do not avoid
carbohydrates.
 Avoid processed foods like baked goods,
sugary.
 Eat regularly and do not skip breakfast and
major meals.
 Choose fats wisely
Healthy fats : vegetable oils, fish avocados
Unhealthy fats: animal products such as red meat
and whole milk dairy products.

ADHERENCE WITH MEDICATION

Medications used to treat diabetes do so by Researcher Learner listens
lowering blood sugar levels. There are a number explains about carefully.
of different classes of anti-diabetic medications. medication.
Some are available by mouth, such as metformin,
while others are only available by injection such
as insulin.
 Do not ever skip medication without the
doctor’s consultation.
 Tab. Metformin should be taken with
meals.
 Inj. Insulin usually needs to be
administered before meal times.
GLUCOSE MONITORING Researcher Learner listens
 Checking your blood sugar level is one of explains about carefully.
the best way to know how well your glucose
diabetic treatment plan is working. monitoring
 Self monitoring of glucose allows you to
know blood sugar level at any time.
 Helps to prevent the consequences of very
high and very low blood sugar. Researcher Learner listens
FOOT CARE explains about carefully.
Diabetes-related foot problems can worsen very foot care.
quickly and are difficult to treat, so it is important
to have a proper foot care and prevent
complications.
 Avoid walking barefoot.
 Check your feet, toes inspects for any
redness or cuts if present contact
physicians immediately because small cuts
can turns into big ulcers.
 Trim toenails after washing feet when it
becomes soft and avoid using too sharp
articles to cut nails.
 Choose comfortable and well fitting shoes
and do not buy tight shoes.

PROBLEM SOLVING Researcher Learner listens

 If you are on medication that may cause explains about carefully.
you to have a low blood sugar level so problem solving.
carry or wear some form of identification
like medical alert that clearly state you
have diabetes and on insulin.
 You should have be aware of signs and
symptoms of low blood sugar.
 Carry sweets and sugar preparation always
with you whenever you are going out of
the house or any kind of physical activities
 to prevent hypoglycaemia.
QUIT HARMFUL BEHAVIOURS
 Smoking is bad for everyone but for
diabetics, smoking can be even more
damaging.
 Smoking makes disease more difficult to
control and develops complications such as
blindness, nerve problems, heart and
kidney problems.
 If you are a chronic alcoholic reduce
alcohol consumption to the maximum.
FOLLOW UP
 Visit your doctor regularly every 6months.
 You should go for regular eye Researcher Learner listens
examination. discuss about carefully.
 During follow up renal function test is also follow up.
essential.

COMPLICATIONS
9. 4min Enumerate the  Severe hypoglycaemia Researcher Learner listens Flash List out some
complications of  Diabetic retinopathy explains carefully. card of the
diabetes  Blindness complications of complications
mellitus.  Chronic kidney disease diabetes. of diabetes?
 Diabetic neuropathy
 Diabetic foot ulcer
Bibliography:

1. Park K. Text book of Preventive and Social medicine. 23rd Edition Bhatnot Jabalpur. Banarsidas 2015. Page no 392-396.
2. Joyce M. Black. Medical Surgical Nursing 6th Edition 2001. Published by Harconst (India) [Link] Philadelphia 891-915.
3. Available from URL [Link]
4. American diabetes association. Diabetic care Available from URL [Link] -diabetes
5. Available from URL [Link]