Question Number 1:
(a)
Problem: "122" in base b equals 65 in decimal.
• Solution:
Expand: 1 × b2 + 2 × b + 2 = 65.
Simplify: b2 + 2b + 2 = 65.
Rearrange: b2 + 2b − 63 = 0.
Solve: b = 7.
Answer: b = 7
(b)
Problem: "A2" in base b equals 101 in decimal.
• Solution:
Expand: A × b + 2 = 101.
Simplify: A × b = 99.
Test values for A (10–15). For A = 9, b = 11.
Answer: A = 9, b = 11
(c)
Problem: Determine valid bases for given numbers.
• Solution:
A101 Bases: 13, 16.
4104 Bases: 5, 8, 10, 13, 16.
777777 Bases: 8, 10, 13, 16.
8910F Not valid in bases: 2, 5, 8, 10, 13, 16.
Answer: Base = 16
(d)
Problem: AB_b + BA_b = 121 in decimal.
• Solution:
Expand: (A×b + B) + (B×b + A).
Simplify: (A + B)(b + 1) = 121.
121 = 11 × 11 ⇒ A + B = 11, b = 10.
Try A = 6, B = 5.
Answer: A = 6, B = 5, b = 10
Question Number 2:
(a)
Problem: Find n where sum of first n terms equals 10th term (a
= 5, d = 5).
• Solution:
𝑛
Use formula: 2 [2a + (n - 1)d] = 10th term.
𝑛
Simplify: Sum formula: 2 [2×a+(n−1)d] = a+9×d.
𝑛
[2×5+(n−1)5] = 5+9×5.
2
𝑛
[10+5n-5]=5+45
2
𝑛
[5+5n]=50
2
5n+5n2=100
5n2+5n−100=0
n2+n-20=0
n2+5n-4n-20=0
n(n+5)-4(n+5)=0
(n+5)(n-4)=0
n+5=0 , n-4=0
n= -5 , n=4
n=4.
Answer: 4
(b)
Problem: Find n for Sₙ = 189, a = 3, r = 2.
• Solution:
𝑎(r2−1)
Use formula: Sn = 𝑟−1
3(2n−1)
Solve: = 189
2−1
3(2n-1)=189
189
2n-1= 3
2n = 63+1
2n = 26
Answer: 6
(c)
Problem: 2nd, 4th, 6th terms of GP form AP. Find r.
• Solution:
Terms: ar, ar3, ar5.
AP condition: ar3 – ar = ar5 – ar3
ar5 – ar3 + ar – ar3=0
ar(r4 – r2 + 1 – r2) = 0
r4 – 2r2 + 1=0
r2 – rx +1 = 0
r2 -r -r +1 = 0
r(r-1)-1(r-1)=0
r2=1
r = ±1
r=−1 (since r≠1).
Answer: r = -1
(d)
Problem: Total cost for 10 books (price doubles; 15% discount
after 6th).
• Solution:
First 6 books sum (GP): 2 + 4 + ... + 64 = 126.
Next 4 books (discounted): 128×0.85 = 108.8
256×0.85 = 217.6
512×0.85 = 435.2
1024×0.85 = 870.4
Total = 126 + 108.8 + 217.6 + 435.2 + 870.4 = 1758.
Answer: £1758
Question Number 3
a)
Problem: Solve x=5 mod 6 and x=3 mod 7
• Solution:
Find common candidates from the congruence: Try x=5,11,17, …….
Check x=17:
1. Candidates: 5,11,17.
2. 5 mod 6 = 5 , 2. 3 mod 6 = 3
3. 5 mod 6 = 11 , 3. 3 mod 6 = 10
4. 5 mod 6 = 17 , 4. 3mod 6 = 17
Check 17 mod 7=3.
Answer: x=17
b)
Problem: Solve x=5 mod 6 and x=3 mod 7
• Solution:
1000 mod 24=16.
14:00+16:00=06:00.
Answer: 06:00
c)
Problem: Smallest x where x=k-1 mod k for k=2 to 10
• Solution:
• x ≡ 1 mod 2
• x ≡ 2 mod 3
• x ≡ 3 mod 4
• x ≡ 4 mod 5
• x ≡ 5 mod 6
• x ≡ 6 mod 7
• x ≡ 7 mod 8
• x ≡ 8 mod 9
• x ≡ 9 mod 10
• x+1 is exactly divisible by 2,3,4, ……10
• x+1 = LCM (2, …,10) = 2520
• x=2519.
Answer: 2519
d)
Problem: Find the smallest x such that 2^k=1 mod n
• Solution:
Smallest ( k ) such that ( 2k n ) Try various ( n ): - n = 3 → k = 2 - n = 5 → k = 4 -
n = 7 → k = 3 - n = 31 → k = 5
2k ≡ 1 mod n
21 ≡ 2 x k ≠ 1
22 ≡ 4 ≡ 1 mod 3
23 ≡ 8 ≡ 1 mod 7
24 ≡ 16 ≡ 1 mod 5
25 ≡ 32 ≡ 1 mod 31
26 ≡ 64 ≡ 1 mod 3 , mod 9
k > 1 n is odd
No general formula; values vary based on (n)
Question Number 4
a)
Problem: Find angle C given a=7, b=8, c=9
• Solution:
• C2 = 72 + 82 -2 (7)(8)cosx
C2 = 49 + 56 -112cosx
C2 = 113 -112cosx
• 92 = 113 – 112cosx
81 = 113-112 cosx
81-113=-112cosx
-32=-112cosx
32
=cosx
112
32
x = cos-1(112)
x=73.40°
Angle C≈73.40°.
Answer: C≈73.40°.
b)
Problem: Find angle A given AB=10, AC=13, Area=30
• Solution:
1
• Area formula: 30 = 2×a×bsinA.
1
30 = 2×10×13×sinA.
30 = 65 sinA
30
A=sin-1(65)
A≈27.49°.
Answer: 27.49°
c)
Problem: Solve sin3x=sinx in [0°,360°]
• Solution:
𝑎+𝑏 𝑎−𝑏
sin3x−sinx=0 → 2cos( )sin( )=0.
2 2
3𝑥+𝑥 3𝑥−𝑥
2cos( )sin( )=0
2 2
4𝑥 2𝑥
2cos( 2 )sin( 2 )=0
2cos2x sinx=0
2cos2x=0 , sinx=0
cos2x=0 , 0=sin-1(0)
2x=cos-1(0) , x=0°,180°,360°
2x=90°
2x=90°,270°,450°,630°
x=45°,135°,225°,315°
Solutions: x=0°,45°,90°,135°,180°,225°,270°,315°,360°.
Answer: 0°,45°,90°,135°,180°,225°,270°,315°,360°.
d)
Problem: Solve sinx+sin2x+sin3x=0
• Solution:
Simplify: sinx + sin2x + sin3x=0
sin3x+sinx+sin2x=0
3𝑥+𝑥 3𝑥−𝑥
2sin( )cos( )+sin2x=0
2 2
2sin2x.cosx+sin2x=0
sin2x(2cosx+1)=0
Simplify: sin2x(2cosx+1) = 0.
sin2x =0 , 2cosx+1=0
2x=sin-1(0) , 2cosx=-1
−1
2x=0°,180°,360°,540°,720°, cosx= 2
−1
x=0°,90°,180°,270°,360° , x=cos-1( 2 )
, x=120°,240°
Solutions: x=0°,60°,120°,180°,240°,300°,360°
Answer: 0°,60°,120°,180°,240°,300°,360°
Question Number 5:
a)
3𝑥−7
Problem: Find f-1(x) for f(x)= .
𝑥+1
• Solution:
(3x−7)
• y= (x+1).
• y(x + 1) = (3x − 7)
• xy + y = 3x-7
• y+7 = 3x-xy
• y+7 = x(3-y)
𝑦+7
• =x
3−𝑦
𝑦+7
• f-1 (x)=
3−𝑦
𝑦+7
Answer : f-1 (x)= 3−𝑦
(3𝑥 − 7)
ii- Find the domain and range of the function f(x) = and
(𝑥 + 1)
(𝑥 + 7)
its invers f-1(x) =
(3 − 𝑥).
(3x − 7)
Function: f(x) = (x + 1)
• Domain:
The function is undefined when the denominator is zero: x + 1 = 0 , x = -1.
Therefore, the domain is: (-∞, -1) ∪ (-1, ∞)
• Range:
(3x − 7)
1. Solve y = for x:
(x + 1)
2. y(x + 1) = 3x - 7
yx + y = 3x - 7
3. Rearrange: yx - 3x = -y - 7
x(y - 3) = -y - 7
(−y − 7)
4. x = (y − 3)
5. The expression is undefined when y = 3,
so the range is: (-∞, 3) ∪ (3, ∞)
Inverse Function: f⁻¹(x) = (x + 7)/(3 - x)
• Domain:
6. The function is undefined when the denominator is zero: 3 - x = 0 → x = 3.
7. So, the domain is: (-∞, 3) ∪ (3, ∞)
• Range:
8. Since f(x) excludes x = -1, f⁻¹(x) must exclude y = -1.
9. So, the range is: (-∞, -1) ∪ (-1, ∞)
Answer:
Domain of f(x): (-∞, -1) ∪ (-1, ∞)
Range of f(x): (-∞, 3) ∪ (3, ∞)
Domain of f⁻¹(x): (-∞, 3) ∪ (3, ∞)
Range of f⁻¹(x): (-∞, -1) ∪ (-1, ∞)
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___________________________________________________________
________________________
b)
• Solution:
• 0 = 12 - 3t ,
• 3t=12
• t=4sec
1
• d=2x4x12
• d1=24
1
• d=2x1x3
• d2=1.5
• Total distance = d1+d2=24+1.5
• Total distance = 25.5
• Answer: Stops at t = 4, Distance = 25.5 units
Answer: Stops at t = 4, Distance = 25.5 units
c)
Problem: Practical motion s(t)=4sin(2t). Find v(t), a(t), rest
times.
• Solution:
s(t) = 4sin2t
𝑑𝑠
= 4cos2t.2
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑠
= 8cos2t
𝑑𝑡
v(t) = 8cos2t
𝑑(𝑣)
𝑑(𝑡)
= -8sin2t.2
a(t)= -16sin2t
0=8cos2t
Cos2t=0
x=cos-1(0)
𝜋 3𝜋
2t = 2 , 2
𝜋 3𝜋
t= ,
4 4
s(t) = 4sin(2t)
𝜋
after it reached t = 4
Answer:
• Velocity: 8cos(2t)
• Acceleration: −16sin(2t)
𝜋 3π
Rest times: t = 4 , 4
