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Evolution of Computer

The document outlines the evolution of computers from the first generation using vacuum tubes to the fifth generation focusing on AI and quantum computing. Each generation brought significant advancements in size, speed, and usability, transitioning from massive machines to personal computers and beyond. Notable examples include ENIAC, IBM 1401, and modern quantum computers from Google and IBM.

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George Amante Burdeos
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27 views1 page

Evolution of Computer

The document outlines the evolution of computers from the first generation using vacuum tubes to the fifth generation focusing on AI and quantum computing. Each generation brought significant advancements in size, speed, and usability, transitioning from massive machines to personal computers and beyond. Notable examples include ENIAC, IBM 1401, and modern quantum computers from Google and IBM.

Uploaded by

George Amante Burdeos
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

The Evolution of Computers

First Generation (1940s–1956) – Vacuum Tube Computers

First-generation computers used vacuum tubes for processing and magnetic drums for memory. They
were massive, consumed a lot of electricity, and generated heat. Input was through punched cards, and
they were mainly used for scientific and military calculations. Examples include ENIAC and UNIVAC I.

Second Generation (1956–1963) – Transistor Computers

The invention of transistors replaced vacuum tubes, making computers smaller, faster, and more
reliable. These computers introduced early programming languages like COBOL and FORTRAN and were
used in business and science. Notable examples are the IBM 1401 and UNIVAC 1107.

Third Generation (1964–1971) – Integrated Circuit (IC) Computers

The development of integrated circuits combined multiple transistors onto a single chip, reducing size
and increasing speed. Computers became more user-friendly with keyboards, monitors, and operating
systems. This generation was widely used in businesses and research. Examples include the IBM
System/360 and PDP-8.

Fourth Generation (1971–Present) – Microprocessor-Based Computers

Microprocessors revolutionized computing by placing the entire CPU on a single chip, leading to
personal computers (PCs). This era saw the rise of graphical user interfaces (GUIs), networking, and the
internet, making computers essential in everyday life. Examples include the Apple I and IBM PC.

Fifth Generation (Present & Beyond) – AI & Quantum Computers

The fifth generation focuses on artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning, and quantum computing.
These systems process massive data, recognize speech, and improve automation. Quantum computers,
such as those from Google and IBM, push the limits of computing, shaping the future of technology.

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