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Determinants Class12 ShortNotes

A determinant is a value derived from a square matrix, with specific formulas for 2x2 and 3x3 matrices. Key properties include that identical rows/columns yield a determinant of zero, and the determinant can be used to find areas of triangles and determine the uniqueness of solutions in systems of equations. A matrix is invertible only if its determinant is non-zero.

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30 views2 pages

Determinants Class12 ShortNotes

A determinant is a value derived from a square matrix, with specific formulas for 2x2 and 3x3 matrices. Key properties include that identical rows/columns yield a determinant of zero, and the determinant can be used to find areas of triangles and determine the uniqueness of solutions in systems of equations. A matrix is invertible only if its determinant is non-zero.

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Determinants - Class 12 (Short Notes)

1. What is a Determinant?

- A determinant is a number that is calculated from a square matrix.

- Only square matrices (same number of rows and columns) have determinants.

2. Determinant of 2x2 Matrix:

If A = |a b|

|c d|

Then, det(A) = ad - bc

3. Determinant of 3x3 Matrix:

If A = |a b c|

|d e f|

|g h i|

Then, det(A) = a(ei - fh) - b(di - fg) + c(dh - eg)

4. Properties of Determinants:

- If two rows or two columns are identical, determinant = 0.

- If we interchange two rows/columns, sign of determinant changes.

- If all elements of a row or column are multiplied by a number k, the determinant becomes k times.

- If a matrix is upper/lower triangular, determinant = product of diagonal elements.

5. Applications of Determinants:

- To find the area of triangle (using coordinates)

- To check if system of equations has unique solution (using non-zero determinant)


6. Area of Triangle using Determinants:

For points A(x1, y1), B(x2, y2), C(x3, y3):

Area = (1/2) * |x1(y2 - y3) + x2(y3 - y1) + x3(y1 - y2)|

7. Important Terms:

- Minor: Determinant of smaller matrix by removing one row and one column.

- Cofactor: Minor with a sign (+/-) depending on position.

- Adjoint: Transpose of cofactor matrix.

- Inverse of a matrix (A-) = (1/det(A)) * adj(A), if det(A) - 0

8. When is a Matrix Invertible?

- A square matrix is invertible only if its determinant is NOT 0.

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