Event Driven Programming

Hawassa University Daye Campus

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE
Chapter Two
Introduction to .NET
Compiled by Talegeta G.
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 Introduction to .NET
 Event-driven programming is a programming paradigm in which the flow of the
program is determined by events
 Event is an action or occurrence detected by a program; and originates from mainly two
sources:
Users:
 mouse clicks, key presses
Another programs:
 messages from other programs or threads
 Event-driven program is designed to react such events

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 Introduction to .NET…
 In an event-driven application, there is generally a main loop that listens for events, and
triggers a callback function when one of those events is detected

 A callback function, also called event handler, is a function that is invoked when an
event occurs
Start

Initialization

Wait for events

Y Exit or N
crash? Call event
Stop handler

Event
Handler

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 Introduction to .NET…
 Event-driven programming is the dominant paradigm used in graphical user interfaces
(GUIs)

 A user interface is a system by which people (users) interact with the computer

There are two main types of user interfaces:

 Text-Based User Interface or Command-Line Interface (CLI)

 Graphical User Interface (GUI)

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 Command Line Interface
 This is a text only interface, which only requires input from the keyboard (usually
referred to as “entering a command”)

 Typically, Enter key is pressed at the end of a command, after which the computer
will receive, parse and execute that command

 The output of the command will be returned back to the terminal as text lines

 This interface relies primarily on the keyboard

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 Command Line Interface …
The main advantages of a CLI are:
• users only need to utilize the keyboard and may need to execute only few commands
to complete the task
• a computer that is only using the command line takes a lot less of the computers
resources

The main disadvantages of a CLI are:

• difficult for new users to learn
• relies heavily on recall rather than recognition
• navigation is often more difficult
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 Graphical User Interface

 It is a type of interface that allows users to communicate with applications in the form
of images/animations/icons as opposed to text

 This interface presents the user with the information/actions through graphical objects
(i.e. GUI Controls or Widgets)

 Both mouse and keyboard can be used for the interaction

 The user performs actions by directly manipulating graphical objects on the screen

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 Graphical User Interface….

The main advantages of a GUI are:

 less expert knowledge is required to use it (more user friendly)

 easier to navigate

The main disadvantages of a GUI are:

 consumes system resources

 slower compared to CLI

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 Introduction to .NET framework
 .NET is
 pronounced as “dot net”
 a software framework that runs primarily on Microsoft Windows.
 provides a common platform to Execute or, Run the applications developed in
various programming languages.
 Microsoft announced the .NET initiative in July 2000.
 The main intention was to bridge the gap in interoperability between services of
various programming languages
 The .NET Framework is designed to fulfill the following objectives:
Provide object-oriented programming environment
Provide environment for developing various types of applications, such as Windows-
based applications, Web-based applications, Windows 8 app, Mobile app
To ensure that code based on the .NET Framework can integrate with any other code
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 Cont…
 .NET is a developer platform made up of tools, programming languages, and libraries
for building different types of applications

 It is created by Microsoft

 Its applications are multi-platform applications

 It has been designed in such a way that it can be used from any of the following
languages: C#, C++, Visual Basic, etc

 It consists of an enormous library of codes used by the client languages such as C#

using object-oriented programming (OOP) techniques

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 .NET Framework …
C# Visual Basic C++

.NET Framework
Common Language Specification, Common Type System

WinForms ASP.NET WPF

ADO.NET

Framework Class Library

Common Language Runtime

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 .NET Framework …
Common Language Runtime
 The CLR is responsible for maintaining the execution of all applications developed
using the .NET library

 It provides various services to managed code:

 Compilation and execution

 Integrating software components written in different .NET languages,

 Garbage collection, and more.

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 Common Language Runtime…

 Managed code is compiled into machine-specific instructions in the following steps:

 First, the code is compiled into Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL)

 When the app executes, another compiler (known as the just-in-time compiler or JIT
compiler) in the CLR translates the MSIL in into machine-language code (for a
particular platform)

 The machine-language code executes on that platform

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 Common Language Runtime…

 The Framework provides a high level of language interoperability

 Because software components written in different .NET languages (such as C# and

Visual Basic) are all compiled into MSIL, the components can be combined to create a
single unified program

 Thus, MSIL allows the .NET Framework to be language independent

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 Framework Class Library

 The .NET framework class library is a library of classes and interfaces that provide
access to system functionality

 It is the foundation on which .NET Framework applications are built

 The library is categorized into a number of namespaces

 The System.Windows namespaces contain types used in Windows Presentation

Foundation (WPF) applications,

 System.Windows.Forms and its child namespaces are used for developing Windows
Forms applications.

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 ADO.NET
 ADO.NET provides consistent access to data sources such as SQL Server and XML

 Applications can use ADO.NET to connect to these data sources and perform CRUD
operations:

 Create,

 Read,

 Update and

 Delete data

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 System.Windows (WPF)

 System.Windows provides an object-oriented set of classes that enable you to develop

rich Windows applications

 With this module and some additional code you can:

design UI

 read information from the user

 respond to the information provided

 manipulate data from external sources (i.e. files and databases)

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 Common Type System
 The Common Type System (CTS) standardizes the data types of all
programming languages under the umbrella of .NET to a common data type
for easy and smooth communication

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 Common Language Specification

 CLS is a set of basic language features that .NET Languages needed to develop Applications and
Services , which are compatible with the .NET Framework.

 When there is a situation to communicate Objects written in different .NET Complaint languages ,
those objects must expose the features that are common to all the languages

 For example, one rule is that you cannot use multiple inheritance within .NET Framework. As you
may know C++ supports multiple inheritance but; that’s not allowed to use such a C++ code within
C# because it doesn’t supports multiple inheritance

 Another rule is that you cannot have members with the same name but different cases i.e. you cannot
have add() and Add() methods. This easily works in C# because it is case-sensitive but because VB
is not case sensitive, it’s not possible to use such a code
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 Common Language Specification…
Common Language Specification (CLS) performs the following functions:
 Establishes a framework that helps enable

> cross-language integration,

> type safety, and
> high performance code execution
 Provides an object-oriented model

> that supports the complete implementation of many programming languages

 Defines rules that languages must follow,

> which helps ensure that objects written in different languages can interact with each other

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 .NET Implementations

Three implementations:
 .NET Framework is the original implementation of .NET. It supports running
websites, services, desktop apps, and more on Windows
 .NET Core is a cross-platform implementation for running websites, services, and
console apps on Windows, Linux, and macOS. This implementation is open source
on GitHub
 Xamarin/Mono is a .NET implementation for running apps on all the major mobile
operating systems, including iOS and Android

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 .
NET Framework Base Class Library (FBC)

 The Class Library is a comprehensive, object-oriented collection of reusable types

 These class library can be used to develop applications that include:

> Traditional command-line applications

> Graphical user interface (GUI) applications

> Applications based on the latest innovations provided by ASP.NET

 Web Forms

 XML Web services

> Windows 8 Apps

> Mobile Apps

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 .NET Framework …
 Common Language Runtime (CLR) ensures:
> A common runtime environment for all .NET languages
> Uses Common Type System (strict-type & code-verification)
> Memory allocation and garbage collection
> Intermediate Language (IL) to native code compiler. Which Compiles MSIL code
into native executable code
> Security and interoperability of the code with other languages
 Over 36 languages supported today
> C#, VB, Jscript, Visual C++ from Microsoft
> Perl, Python, Smalltalk, Cobol, Haskell, Mercury, Eiffel, Oberon, Oz, Pascal, APL,
CAML, Scheme, etc.

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 Visual Studio IDE
 Microsoft has introduced Visual Studio IDE
 which is a set of tool in a single application for developing .NET applications by
using
> programming languages such as VB, C#, VC++ and VJ#, etc.
 used to create applications such as Windows Store apps, Windows desktop
apps, console apps, Web apps, and Windows Phone apps
 Visual Studio provides
 Automatic skeleton code generation
 Rapid coding experience
 Everything at your fingertips
> Different tools, easily navigability
 Customizability and
 Extensibility
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 Visual Studio …

ea
k ar
or
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Navigating the Visual Studio Environment
 The Menu
 The menu bar is a standard part of most windows applications.
 “File,” “Edit,” “View,” “Tools,” and so on.
 Toolbar
 contains frequently accessed functionality that is a subset of what is available via menus
 Work area
 use to write code and work with visual designers
 Toolbox
 contains a context sensitive list of controls that can be dragged and dropped onto the current designer
surface
 Solution Explorer
 is where your solutions, projects, and project items will appear
 Status Bar
 communicates what is happening with VS at the current time
 Much more
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Familiarization with Visual Studio Project Types
 Windows Projects
 Store Apps
 Web Projects
 Office Projects
 SharePoint Projects
 Database Projects

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Building Your First Application in VS 2013
 Start Visual Studio 2013
 New Project
 Select project template
 Select project
 The most common applications are:
 Windows Form Application
 Console Application
 WPF Application
 Windows Store App
 ASP.NET Web Application
 Silverlight Application
 Provide project name, location
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 Building Your First Application …

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 Building Your First Application …

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 Building Your First Application …
 Console Application
 Code Editor

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 Building Your First Application …
 Desktop Application

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 Building Your First Application …
Program Code Form Design Code

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 Using the intrinsic controls
 Controls
 Used to create user interface
 TextBox
 Label
 Button
 CheckBox
 ListBox
 ComboBox
 ListView
…

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 Methods, Properties, and Events
 Methods
 Are extremely useful because they allow you to separate your logic into different units
 Are similar to functions, procedure or subroutine used in other programming languages
 The difference is that a method is always a part of a class
 Properties
 Attribute of an object
 Example
> TextBox – Color, Font Family, Font Size
 Events
 An action the object responds
 Example
> TextBox – TextChanged Event
> Button – Click event, …

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 .

Question!
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