Diffraction /Modele 2)

*
osfocku Diffraction
(i) + =
& >

d
wardingth
phenomes here light bends around
Diffractionobs tack
is a the

edges of if
only happens when obstacl is

nearly equal
to the
length of light have .

Diffraction
↓ -

Fresnel's
Diffraction
- Fraunhoffer's Diffraction
'R
pyo
* source

if - ⑳
I Needed to observe

Diobsffracting
ef .
diffraction)
screen
2 3 C I fr snel's Diffraction
finite finite ·
parallel and Now
parallel
says

infinite ii) lens may

>

may not
< S
or be
finite
required
iii) of herical
C

finite
7 C

Infinite ii)
or

Difficult to
cylindrical have
Hont
analyse mathematically
.

<
⑳
> C
L
S
Fraunhoffer's
i) Only paralle rays
Diffraction
ii) Lens essentially
are
required
hif Plane war a
front
ii) Mathematically
to
analysis
it is easies
 Frachoffer's Diffraction
slit Diffraction
Single

symbolic
(
7
-
-

· >
representati
LASER contain

parallel says .
highly
en

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&

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a ·

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asint

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In
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-
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O ·

Th
1

[
N
M

100 2
D ) > > >7
I > > > >

& Em

Pos/y In A OBC

i
sind
Ex
:
:

Arlen tin
O :

EO =
2 Rsinx ④

& En
W

En e
:
=*
R ③
=

Proces a Numerical
& Final formula >
-
Mory +
4"]
Eo : 2
sin IO < A

/
to = Em

-sin( C
:
-Em
sind

Eo -

Emi
Fo :

Im[sin/aeing)
& asino
 (sinag
E0 =
Im a
: nasino
X

Discussion :
is
dega
Hug * will be when < (m ...
TO To minimum ma 1 2 1 2 , 13
= =
,

IO = O

- x = ma = o

&

asino =
my Io

min

④ for man Io

x =
(m 2) +
in
Imanmm

= alino =
(m E) +
> (manimal

" the relative intensities

calculate of manima in
Frachoffers single
slit
diffraction
Manima <:
(M z)+ <

zo
=

(sina
or =

(m ze
+ x

I
=
[sin (m + =) ] *

f
(m 2)
4%ofetensity
+

0 045 IO 0 016
Im
I .
= .

For
m = 2
. - -

to = 0 .
008
Im

m
= 3
 single
slit
diffraction Intensity decreasing do
tically

- ·

IO
02/02/24 ⑳

dIm
Ins

- Is 33 4 asinoa
7

I
asino =
my (min)
asimo :

(M +

2) + (man) Logical &S" :

-zon
e

·
Jo

slit experiment?
a what will happen if we
change
laser
light to
Green light in single
to the
Pattern)
(Alit distance)
happen pattern ?
will incase will increase what will to the
a) IfI
 Diffraction Interforme

take two
One
front Actually
·
·
wave will
at as We

colment sources .

IScondarywavelets) independent coherent sources

Double slit Diffraction :

10 Im cost
B
=

B
=

Adsino =>
a

Toriff
= Im
(sina d

x = A a sin O -
I
I

⑭ >
- An

:
Interforme
t
a I

& Mm > Am

Diffraction
-

(Dominal

a I
manipulate
interference)

&
a es
~
M
Allm ess un

Diffiction
-
Double slit An
 Iodoulbelf (cos2P)(sin
= I m

8
If ;
a 0 <+ 0

sinh
o to
double- Im cos

② d > 0 -

p
+ 0

to
double 153-

It double slit =

Im(sinaj
Diffraction Dominant Doulelit >
Diffraction
Interference interfere
I

don't slit
Blocks a) In a
Experiment the distance D
of the screen is 5 . 2

the slit
can

and
the
wavelength
the slit width
+
480nm

a
=

is 0 .
,

025mm
separation (d) is .
BImm
O

two

a) What is the
spacing Gho-adjuent fringes
6) What is the distance fromenvelope
the central manimum to the
first
minimum
of the
fringe .

a I
d

· 480 x 10" < 5 . 2 x 10 = 20 8

. X18" m

0 .
12 x 10-3
 6)

d
4

a
N

↓
.......
[
...
-

-
&
1) o

tant =

=
d

asino = ms
(Diff min)
.

sind =
1 < 480x10 x 10
3
I
19 2.

0 . 025 x 1873

tanoz y
-

ial
T
How
many
either side
complete
fringesappearbl
the
first minimaof
the
slit
fringe erro
a
if
on
of the pattern
↓ =
557nm d = 0 .
15mm and a = 0 . 030mm

1
sellum
A
Ta
 Mining order
: That
brigh fringe that goes missing dee to conciding with
minima
of the Diffection is called Mining orders
a sino
=
mx (minDiff) -
Q

& Sino = nx (ManDiff) -

a /
sind
& sinoE
I

· E
:
n =

(f) m F

-
sellum
5/
ID na 0

-
-x
150
.

0[ . 030
m

n = 5 m

·. M = I

th
order
missing
· is

pststard
, and
4th zo e -
5th
* *
Eth

single slif Diffraction

a) The Distance
Hw the M and 5th minima
of a
single slit
pattern
from
is 0035mm with the
slit
screen 4103 an
away
the
light of wavelength
using 546 nm

a) Calculate the
Diffraction angle of the first minimum
1) find the slit width
 E
=>
i th -

0 35mM
.

ist
ID of
- -

&
=
-

y
...
......

L S
41 3 c m
.

x = 546 u m

*
q
:

for first minimum

a simp = X Q

to. Fifth minimum

-
asinos, =
5)

Hand : To
⑭

0 . 5 +
-
D

-
a
35x0 ⑥
0
+ 56
·. y
.

use -
eq
tan
O
,
- v = 0 : L
Use
eq D
a :
 .
light of wavelength 441m falls
Monochromatic the slit
a) on narrow

Oh a scr 2 . 16m The

away
. distance
left the second minimum
and the central manimum is 1 62
. a

andslit width
a) Calculate the
Diffraction angle for second minimum

E
-
>

=>
-

1 62
: c

&
-js
......- -

L =

D= 2 16 m

tano =
1 62
:
um

2 - 16 m

↑ =

since
a = x
1stoc/y Multiple Hit
Diffraction (Grating)
citi
e :...... ........
/

P
, ,

·
·

·
S)O
M

1
~
Another
·

Eo
f slifitendby
blit
singleIntensily
< >
A

As the no .

of slits incase the

Diffraction
become less dominant and after that
Phenomena
dominant.
Interference becomes more

>
-
osino = my
(man) [Diffraction Grating equ]
19702/24 01 A
geating
has 3/5
Iman
wings observed
For .
what
wavelengths in the visible spectra
5th order .
diffraction be
-

can

A certain has 104 slits d 2100 mm It is illuminated with

O2) grating with aepanong of
=

angular position of primita

all
yellow sodium
light 7 58g n
:

maxima observed .

if
Aret asino = mx

wict e
d =

slits

G Element
Grating
*
& = Imm = 3174 x 18 mm = 3 .
/74x1 m

3/5

m = 5 for man value

x =??) sino "Singo = 1

=> 3 .
174x183 x 15
3
x Ix =
5X

* = 3 .
174x106 :
0 .
6348 x
156
5
=
634 .
8x109

x = 63 5nm

380 nm to
*
- 635 nm

10"slits
ii) N

d
=

= 2100 nm

- = 589nm

dsinp : my
E 2100 x sino = 1 x 589 um

sin o , =
589

2100

O, 0 20.
sinOz I 2 x 589

2 100

82 =
0 56.

sinOz =
3 x 589
0 7646
2100
53 =
.

I
i
* These will not be

sinO = 5 x 589 observed as sin O can't

be than
greater
2100
2 .

Os
:
!