### ✅ Scenario-Based Questions**

#### **General & Experience-Based**

1. Can you introduce yourself?

2. Why don't we start with your career progression?

3. I would like to know the details of the project — what was the project, the domain, the business
application?

4. Can you explain your skill set and responsibilities in your last role?

5. What motivates you to change jobs?

6. What is your understanding of DevOps?

7. What is your understanding of DevOps methodology?

8. Are you comfortable with DevOps tools? What tools have you used?

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#### **CI/CD & DevOps Tools**

9. Can you elaborate on a specific project where you used Jenkins to create a CI/CD pipeline?

10. What is a Jenkinsfile and how does it work?

11. What tools can be used in a DevOps pipeline from code check-in to deployment?

12. What deployment tool is preferred for EKS applications?

13. Can you explain the DevOps pipeline and tools you use?

14. What stages are in a Jenkins pipeline for application deployment?

15. How do you manage source code and deployments?

16. How do you handle security in DevOps pipelines?

17. Have you used GitLab?

18. Have you used Vault or secrets management tools?

20. What is your experience with Jenkins and CI/CD pipelines?

21. What is SonarQube and how do you use it?

22. Have you used GitOps? Explain Argo CD.

23. What is your understanding of CI/CD and DevOps pipeline?

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#### **Kubernetes & Docker**

24. How about Docker and Kubernetes?

25. Can you walk me through a scenario where you used Docker to troubleshoot a containerized
application?

26. Can you tell me about a few error messages that you can recall when the containerized application
had issues?

27. Where exactly would you check the Kubernetes logs first?

28. What is image pull policy in Kubernetes and what values does it accept?

29. What do you understand by a service in Kubernetes and how many types are there?

30. What is the difference between deployments and daemon sets in Kubernetes?

31. What is the role of Kubernetes in Docker?

32. How do you ensure container state persistence in Docker/ECS?

33. How do you deploy containers in Kubernetes?

34. Have you worked on microservices? Why use Kubernetes?

35. Can you write a Dockerfile and explain it?

36. What is a StatefulSet in Kubernetes?

37. What common Kubernetes troubleshooting issues exist?

38. Name Kubernetes deployment strategies.

39. What services can be used for monitoring Kubernetes applications?

40. When to prefer Helm charts over traditional manifests?

42. What is your experience with Kubernetes?

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#### **AWS Architecture & Networking**

43. How to handle high traffic spikes on EC2 during business hours?

44. Troubleshooting approach if EC2 crashes unexpectedly?

45. Possible causes if EC2 cannot download from the internet?

46. How to connect on-premises data center with AWS cloud?

47. Two VPCs with EC2 instances need to communicate but cannot. How to fix?

48. How to enable EC2 application to fetch objects from S3 bucket?

49. How do VPCs communicate? What is VPC peering?

50. Can you explain DNS and Route 53 usage?

51. What is the difference between load balancer forwarding and DNS forwarding?

52. What are the benefits of using Graviton instances?

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#### **Monitoring & Logging**

53. Have you done any monitoring on applications?

54. What experience do you have with CloudWatch and CloudWatch agent?

55. What is the use case for CloudWatch agent?

56. How do you send logs from EC2 instances to CloudWatch?

57. Can you talk about monitoring tools like AppDynamics, Zabbix, Pingdom?

58. Tell me about how you configure Prometheus for monitoring.

#### **Security & IAM**

59. How would you secure a three-tier or four-tier application in the cloud?

60. Are there any other security measures you can think of?

61. Can you talk about data encryption and the difference between server-side and client-side
encryption?

62. How do you ensure security in your CI pipelines?

63. If you are to secure a Docker container which is highly sensitive, how do you visualize traffic coming
from external internet to reach your container?

64. What are other techniques besides secrets to protect sensitive information?

65. Can you summarize different security tools or practices to protect sensitive data?

66. What do you understand by threats and vulnerability? Any difference?

67. Explain the role of identity and access management.

68. What are IAM roles and how do you use them?

69. Can you explain a role a bit more in detail? What would you use a role for?

70. Is a role limited only to AWS services or can you also give a role to a manual console user?

71. How do you handle security in DevOps pipelines?

72. What is the concept of zero trust security?

73. What are some common cloud misconfigurations that can be prevented easily?

74. What would you check to confirm an application is secure?

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#### **Terraform & Infrastructure as Code**

75. How to create 10 EC2 instances with same config using Terraform?

76. How to use existing VPC in Terraform for EC2 provisioning?

78. How to pass output from one Terraform module to another?

79. How do you automate infrastructure with Terraform?

80. Can you write a simple Terraform script to create a bucket?

81. How do you connect Terraform to AWS securely?

82. Why create custom Terraform modules instead of using official ones?

83. How to structure Terraform for multi-account AWS setups?

84. What are dynamic blocks in Terraform?

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#### **Ansible**

85. Can you write a simple Ansible playbook and explain it?

86. How do you connect Ansible Tower to multiple AWS accounts?

87. How do you automate infrastructure management with Ansible?

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#### **Storage & S3**

88. How to restore accidentally deleted data from S3?

89. What is private access to an S3 bucket?

90. Can you explain a bucket policy allowing public access?

91. Which AWS service will determine that a file has been uploaded to S3?

92. Tell me about S3 lifecycle policies.

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#### **Architecture Design & Troubleshooting**

93. Design a solution where a customer uploads image files that are stitched into a video and stored
elsewhere — how would you design it?

94. How do you handle production outages?

95. Have you ever experienced a major service outage?

96. Can you explain connection draining?

97. Can you explain your role in migration projects?

98. Have you been involved in system design?

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#### **Cost Optimization & High Availability**

99. What sort of cost optimization methodologies have you worked on?

100. How do you analyze and optimize costs in AWS EKS?

101. What cost optimization strategies can be applied for AWS compute resources?

102. How do you ensure high availability?

103. Have you done disaster recovery planning?

104. How to ensure disaster recovery in a multi-region AWS setup?

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#### **Linux & Troubleshooting**

105. How do you troubleshoot permission denied error running Linux script?

106. How do you troubleshoot slow Linux server performance?

107. Can you monitor a log file in real-time in Linux?

108. Can you give an example of troubleshooting disk space issues in Linux?
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#### **Miscellaneous & Theoretical**

109. What is the difference between public and private subnets?

110. What is CIDR range and how does it relate to subnetting?

111. What is the difference between SQL and NoSQL databases and their use cases?

112. What is your experience with GitHub, GitOps?

113. What is the difference between Application Load Balancer and Network Load Balancer?

114. What is the benefit of immutable infrastructure?

115. Have you heard about chaos engineering?

116. What are the pillars of the well-architected framework?

117. What improvements have you brought recently?

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