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Phys Cie

The document discusses the solubility of various substances in water and kerosene, highlighting that polar substances like salt, sugar, and MSG dissolve in polar solvents while non-polar substances like candle wax dissolve in non-polar solvents. It explains that electrical conductivity in solutions is due to the presence of ions from ionic compounds like salt and MSG, while sugar does not conduct electricity as it does not form ions. Additionally, the melting points of these substances are related to the strength of their molecular bonds, with ionic bonds resulting in higher melting points compared to polar covalent and non-polar bonds.

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earlcamayang
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67 views1 page

Phys Cie

The document discusses the solubility of various substances in water and kerosene, highlighting that polar substances like salt, sugar, and MSG dissolve in polar solvents while non-polar substances like candle wax dissolve in non-polar solvents. It explains that electrical conductivity in solutions is due to the presence of ions from ionic compounds like salt and MSG, while sugar does not conduct electricity as it does not form ions. Additionally, the melting points of these substances are related to the strength of their molecular bonds, with ionic bonds resulting in higher melting points compared to polar covalent and non-polar bonds.

Uploaded by

earlcamayang
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

IV.

POST EXPERIMENTATION

SUBSTANCES SOLUBILITY Melted when Electrical


heated Conductivity
Water Kerosene Melted Did not Conducted Did not
melt conduct
SOLUBLE INSOLUBLE SOLUBLE INSOLUBLE
Salt / / / (High /
melting
point)
Sugar / / / /
Candle Wax / / / /
MSG / / / / (Weak
Conductor)

QUESTIONS:
1. Why are some materials soluble in water and insoluble in kerosene?
- Salt, sugar, and MSG are polar compounds. Water is a polar solvent, and "like dissolves like." These
substances dissolve in water because their polarity is similar. Kerosene is a non-polar solvent. Polar
substances do not dissolve in non-polar solvents.
2. Why are some materials insoluble in water and soluble in kerosene?
- Candle wax is a non-polar substance (made of hydrocarbons). It is insoluble in water (polar) but soluble
in kerosene (non-polar) because of similar intermolecular forces.
3. Between sugar and wax, which material is polar covalent and non-polar covalent? How would you
relate solubility of the solute to its polarity?
- Sugar is polar covalent due to the presence of -OH groups in its structure. Wax is non-polar covalent,
composed primarily of carbon and hydrogen. Polar solutes dissolve in polar solvents (sugar in water), and
non-polar solutes dissolve in non-polar solvents (wax in kerosene).
4. Which solution/mixture conducted electricity? What is the reason behind the electrical conductivity of
some mixtures?
- Salt (NaCl) and MSG solutions conducted electricity. This is because they are ionic compounds that
dissociate into ions (Na⁺ and Cl⁻, and glutamate⁻ and Na ⁺ respectively) when dissolved in water. These
ions are free to move and carry an electrical charge. Sugar, while polar, does not form ions in water and
thus does not conduct electricity.
5. Discuss melting point in relation to the bond of the molecules.
- Salt (NaCl) has a high melting point because it is held together by strong ionic bonds. These strong
bonds require a lot of energy to break. Sugar has a moderate melting point as it is held together by polar
covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds, which are weaker than ionic bonds. Wax, being non-polar with only
weak Van der Waals forces between molecules, has a very low melting point. The stronger the
intermolecular forces, the higher the melting point generally.

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