REGULATIONS FOR

ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS
2017 EDITION
DEWA REGULATIONS BRIEF EXPLANATION

DEWA Regulations – Introduction (Explained)

New Edition Replaces Old Rules:

 This 2017 Edition replaces the older 1997 version of DEWA electrical regulations.
 It includes new updates, guidelines, and amendments that DEWA has shared over time on its website.

Main Purpose:

 The goal is to guide consumers, consultants, contractors, electrical engineers, and technicians on:
o How to design
o How to install
o How to inspect
o How to comply with DEWA’s requirements.

Why It’s Important:

 To protect people and property from dangers like:

o Electric shocks
o Fire hazards
o Faulty electrical work

Not a DIY Manual:

 These regulations are not meant to be used by untrained individuals as a guide for doing electrical work.
 Skilled professionals must read and follow these regulations strictly.

Who Must Follow the Rules?

 Consultants
 Contractors
 Engineers
 Technicians

Additional DEWA Approvals Still Needed:

 Even if you follow the regulation, you must still apply separately for specific DEWA approvals related to
your project.

Reference Standards Used:

 The regulations follow globally accepted rules such as:

o 17th Edition IET Wiring Regulations (UK Standard)
o IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) Standards

Focus Areas:

 Fire prevention
 Shock prevention
 Safe operation
 Proper maintenance of all electrical wiring and equipment

July 23, 2025 1

 DEWA REGULATIONS BRIEF EXPLANATION

1.1 SCOPE – Explained Simply

What These Regulations Apply To:

 All electrical works in Dubai must follow these rules.

 This includes:
o Design
o Installation (erection)
o Inspection
o Testing
 Applies to:
o New buildings
o Extensions
o Modifications to existing buildings or electrical installations.

Which Places Are Covered?

 Any premises in Dubai.

 That includes:
o The land
o All facilities and buildings on that land.

High Voltage (HV) Substations – DEWA Requirements Summary

1. Design & Approval Process

 Preliminary Design Stage:

→ Mandatory DEWA review if project includes an HV Substation.
→ DEWA must approve design drawings, load calculations, and layout early.

2. Load Capacity Guidelines

 If load ≈ 400 kW, an HV substation is required on-site.

→ A transformer will step down voltage from 11kV to 0.4kV.

3. Power Supply Redundancy – N-1 Criteria

 Power to be supplied via 2 feeders using an RMU (Ring Main Unit).

 N-1 Criterion must be followed:

If one feeder fails, the other feeder must continue supplying power for at least 6 hours.

This ensures uninterrupted supply and supports critical load continuity.

July 23, 2025 2

 DEWA REGULATIONS BRIEF EXPLANATION

4. RMU Cable Termination Standards

Cable Type Conductor Feeder Current Rating
3C x 300 mm² CU (Copper) 175 A / feeder
3C x 240 mm² CU (Copper) 160 A / feeder
3C x 240 mm² AL (Aluminium) Used for certain DEWA-approved installations

 All cables must be DEWA standard-approved.

 Terminations must be done in RMUs (Ring Main Units) per DEWA specs.

Visual Overview

[DEWA Supply]

[Feeder-1] ------------------┐

|——> [ RMU ] ——> [Transformer 11kV/0.4kV]

[Feeder-2] ------------------┘

↑ |

If Feeder-1 fails ➝ Feeder-2 takes over (N-1 Rule, 6 hrs min)

Not a Full Technical Manual:

 This regulation is not a substitute for:

o A full technical specification
o A training guide for unskilled persons
o A solution to every possible situation

In Special or Difficult Cases:

 If something unusual comes up that’s not covered in the regulation, you should:
o Consult DEWA directly for guidance or approval.

1.2 ELECTRIC SUPPLY – Simplified Explanation

Voltage & Frequency Supplied by DEWA:

 Voltage: 230 / 400 Volts (±10%)

 System Type: 3-phase, 4-wire system
 Frequency: 50 Hz
 Neutral & Earth:
o Neutral is solidly earthed at the DEWA substation
o Neutral must NOT be earthed again inside the consumer's premises

July 23, 2025 3

 DEWA REGULATIONS BRIEF EXPLANATION

Conductor Details:

 A separate neutral and protective conductor are provided.

 The metallic armoring of the service cable often serves as the protective conductor (PE).

Fault Level at Substation:

 Design Fault Level: 40 kA for 1 second

 Note: This applies unless the circuit is fuse protected, which may have a different fault level.

Consumer Protection Requirements:

All consumer electrical installations must include safety protections, such as:

 Protection against:
o Overvoltage
o Fluctuations
o Transients & Harmonics
o Loss of one or more phases
o Unexpected power interruptions
 Mandatory protections include:
o Overload
o Short-circuit
o Earth leakage

Equipment Standards:

 All equipment and materials used must be:

o Rated for 230/400V, 50Hz operation
o Compliant with DEWA and international standards (e.g., IEC)

Essential Protections in Consumer Installations (as per DEWA)

1. Overvoltage

 What it is: Voltage exceeds the rated level (400V ±10%)

 Cause: Grid faults, lightning strikes, or switching surges
 Protection: Surge Protection Devices (SPDs), Voltage Monitoring Relays

2. Fluctuations

 What it is: Continuous or repeated variation in voltage

 Cause: Heavy motor loads, unstable power sources
 Protection: Voltage Stabilizers, Automatic Voltage Regulators (AVR)

3. Transients & Harmonics

July 23, 2025 4

 DEWA REGULATIONS BRIEF EXPLANATION

 Transients: Sudden spikes or impulses in voltage

 Harmonics: Distorted waveforms caused by nonlinear loads (e.g., UPS, VFDs)
 Cause: Electronic devices, industrial equipment
 Protection: Harmonic Filters, Isolation Transformers, SPD for transients

4. Loss of One or More Phases

 What it is: One or more phases in a 3-phase supply are lost (Phase failure)
 Cause: Cable faults, loose connections, utility issues
 Protection: Phase Monitoring Relays, Phase Failure Relays

5. Unexpected Power Interruptions

 What it is: Sudden and unplanned loss of power

 Cause: Grid failure, tripping, equipment fault
 Protection: Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS), Auto Changeover Switches, Backup Generators

1.3 AMBIENT CONDITIONS – EMIRATE OF DUBAI

All electrical equipment, materials, and accessories must perform reliably under Dubai’s harsh climate.
Installations must account for the following:

Temperature

Parameter Value
Max Outdoor Temp (shade) 48°C
Min Ambient Air Temp 2.8°C
Max Ambient Air Temp 48°C
Max Avg Temp over 24 Hrs 37.8°C
Max Avg Temp over 1 Year 26.9°C
Ground Temperature 40°C

Humidity & Weather

 Relative Humidity: Up to 100%

 Heavy Condensation: Occurs frequently
 Sand Storms: Common
 Thunderstorms: Occasional

Wind & Altitude

July 23, 2025 5

 DEWA REGULATIONS BRIEF EXPLANATION

 Wind Speed: 45 m/s at 10 m height

 Altitude: Sea Level (Coastal Areas)

Other Environmental Factors

 Soil Thermal Resistivity (at 0.9m): 2.0 °C·m/W

 Earthquake Loading: 0.07g (seismic impact considered minimal)

Conclusion

Electrical equipment must be tested or rated to handle extreme heat, humidity, dust, and salt-laden air in Dubai.
This ensures safe and long-lasting performance.

1.4 DEWA ENROLLMENT FOR CONSULTANTS & CONTRACTORS

To ensure safe, reliable, and high-quality electrical installations in Dubai, consultants and contractors must be
enrolled with DEWA.

Who Must Enroll?

 Consultants – for electrical design

 Electrical Contractors – for electrical installation

Key Requirements for Enrollment

Requirement Details
DEWA Enrollment is Mandatory Needed to take on any project in Dubai
Training & Certification May be required for specialized works
Online Enrollment Procedure Guidelines are published on the DEWA website
Qualified Staff Contractors must have licensed engineers & technicians
Knowledge of DEWA Regulations Personnel must understand DEWA rules and safety standards
Supervision and Testing Contractor must test and verify work before power is connected

Important

 Technicians and engineers listed in the enrollment application must supervise and take responsibility for
the electrical work.
 Only enrolled entities are authorized to deal with DEWA-related electrical works.

Summary:

To legally work on electrical projects in Dubai:

July 23, 2025 6

 DEWA REGULATIONS BRIEF EXPLANATION

 Consultants & contractors must register with DEWA

 Maintain a qualified team
 Follow safety standards
 Complete DEWA training/certification if required

1.5 WORKMANSHIP – DEWA Regulations

Core Requirement:

All electrical work must be done in a neat, professional, and technically sound manner.

Key Points

Aspect Requirement Description

Neat Execution Installations must be tidy and well-organized
Mechanical Precision Pay special attention to how equipment, cables, and fittings are installed and supported
Skilled Labor Work must reflect competence and quality workmanship
No Poor Practice Untidy, rushed, or improper installations are not acceptable under DEWA rules

DEWA's Focus:

 Emphasis is not just on design and materials, but also on how the work is executed on site.
 Even high-quality materials, if installed poorly, will not meet DEWA standards.

Summary:

Electrical work must be orderly, mechanically correct, and done by skilled personnel, reflecting professional
standards in both safety and appearance.

1.6 STANDARDS FOR EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS

Main Requirement:

All equipment and materials used in electrical installations must comply with:

 DEWA Regulations
 DEWA Technical Specifications
 Latest IET Wiring Regulations
 IEC & ISO Standards

July 23, 2025 7

 DEWA REGULATIONS BRIEF EXPLANATION

Key Guidelines

Standard Type Requirement

DEWA Regulations Take priority in case of conflict with other codes
IET Wiring Regulations Follow the latest edition (17th or as updated)
IEC / ISO Standards Must conform to international quality and safety standards
Appendix-1 Standards DEWA refers to specific standards listed in Appendix-1
Non-compliance Materials or equipment not following these standards will be rejected

Special Note:

If any conflict arises between international standards and DEWA’s own rules, DEWA Regulations will always
override.

Summary:

Electrical equipment and materials must meet DEWA, IET, and IEC/ISO standards. If there's a conflict, DEWA
rules take precedence to ensure safety, quality, and compliance.

1.7 PRIOR APPROVAL FOR ELECTRICAL WORKS

Main Requirement:

No electrical work (new, additional, or modification) shall begin without DEWA’s prior approval.

Key Guidelines
Step Description
Submission Required All technical details must be submitted to DEWA for review
Applicable to All Works Applies to small and large installations, new or additions
Load Schedule Format Use DEWA’s guideline format in Appendix 2 for load distribution
No Exceptions Allowed Work without approval is non-compliant and can be legally challenged

Why This Is Important:

 Ensures electrical safety and design compliance

 Prevents unauthorized or unsafe installations
 Aligns the design with DEWA’s infrastructure and capacity planning

Summary:

July 23, 2025 8

 DEWA REGULATIONS BRIEF EXPLANATION

Always obtain DEWA’s approval before starting any electrical installation. Follow the load schedule format in
Appendix 2 for submissions. Appendix 2 – Load Schedule

Pre-Requirements:

Before applying for an electricity connection, two approvals are mandatory:

1. DEWA Building NOC

2. Building Permit from the concerned Dubai authority (based on plot location)

Application Process – One Window System

Step Description
Who Can Apply? Only DEWA-enrolled Consultants or Electrical Contractors can apply
How to Apply? Submit online through DEWA’s One Window System
Required Documents Upload specified documents (guidelines available on DEWA website)

Customer Portal Features

Customers using the One Window System can:

 Track application status

 Upload additional documents
 Get notifications on project updates
 Schedule or monitor technical site inspections

Summary:

Electricity applications must be submitted online by DEWA-approved consultants/contractors, after obtaining the
Building NOC and Permit. All processing is managed through the One Window System, offering full visibility
and tracking for customers.

1.9 POWER FACTOR (PF) CORRECTION – DEWA REGULATIONS

Required Power Factor Range:

Parameter Value
Acceptable PF Between 0.9 lagging and 1.0
Recommended PF 0.95 lagging

July 23, 2025 9

 DEWA REGULATIONS BRIEF EXPLANATION

Air Conditioning Systems:

Type Requirement
Central AC Plants Must include internal PF correction
Window / Split AC Units Must also have integrated PF correction mechanisms
Minimum PF to maintain: Not less than 0.9 lagging during full operating range

Lighting Systems:

Light Type PF Requirement

Mercury Vapour / Sodium Vapour Lamps Must include capacitors to raise PF ≥ 0.9
Fluorescent Tubes, Discharge Lamps, etc. Capacitor banks to improve lagging PF ≥ 0.9

Additional Notes:

 Further guidance on PF correction is detailed in Section 8.

 Capacitors are commonly used to correct poor power factor in lighting and inductive loads.
 Poor PF leads to inefficiency and possible penalties or non-approval from DEWA.

Key Objective:

Maintain an overall installation power factor ≥ 0.9 lagging to:

 Improve energy efficiency

 Reduce losses
 Comply with DEWA approval criteria

1.10 UNDER VOLTAGE (UV) RELAY WITH AUTO-RESET TIMER – DEWA REQUIREMENT

Where Required:

Mandatory for All Types of Air Conditioning Equipment:

 Window AC Units
 Split AC Units
 Package Units
 Central Chillers / HVAC Plants

July 23, 2025 10

 DEWA REGULATIONS BRIEF EXPLANATION

 Any AC systems installed in consumer premises

What is Required:

Component Purpose
Under Voltage (UV) Relay Protects AC systems from operating under low voltage conditions
Auto-Reset Timer Automatically restarts the unit after normal voltage is restored (with delay)

Guidance Reference:

Further details on technical specs and settings are provided in Section 8 of the DEWA Regulations.

Purpose & Importance:

 Prevents damage to compressors and motors during undervoltage

 Ensures safe re-energizing after a voltage dip
 Essential for DEWA approval of any air-conditioning installations

1.11 HARMONICS & RAPID VOLTAGE CHANGES – DEWA REQUIREMENTS

What Are Harmonics?

 Harmonics = Distortion of the ideal sine wave of voltage or current

 Commonly referred to as electrical noise

Sources of Harmonics (Non-Linear Loads):

Example Equipment / Devices Causes Harmonics

Variable Speed / Frequency Drives (VFDs/VSDs)
Capacitor Banks & UPS Systems
Fluorescent & Halogen Lighting with Ballasts/Transformers
Dimmer Switches (Unfiltered)
Computers, Printers, TVs, Fax Machines

July 23, 2025 11

 DEWA REGULATIONS BRIEF EXPLANATION

Compliance Requirements:

Your load must not cause unacceptable distortion.

You must comply with:

 BS EN 50160 Standard – Voltage Characteristics of Public Distribution Systems

 IEC 61000 Standard to address electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) issues
 ENA G5/4-1 Standard managing harmonics in electricity distribution network

Harmonic levels must be measured on site

If harmonics are above limits, consumer must pay for correction

Voltage Quality Parameters DEWA Monitors:

Parameter Example Issue

Power frequency Fluctuations
Supply voltage magnitude Over/under voltage
Rapid voltage changes / flicker Light flickering
Dips / short or long interruptions Power cuts, brownouts
Transient / temporary overvoltages Lightning or switching surges
Voltage unbalance Uneven load on phases
Harmonic & interharmonic voltages Noise from non-linear loads
Mains signalling voltage Signals over power lines

DEWA Expectation:

 Maintain clean power (low harmonics & stable voltage)

 Take corrective action at your own cost if limits exceeded
 Refer to Section 8.1.11 for limits & measurement guidelines

1.12 INSPECTION & TESTING – DEWA REQUIREMENTS

Purpose

All electrical installations must be inspected and tested before DEWA allows connection to the electricity supply.

Contractor’s Responsibility

Before requesting DEWA inspection, the Electrical Contractor must:

July 23, 2025 12

DEWA REGULATIONS BRIEF EXPLANATION

1. Perform complete testing of the entire electrical installation

2. Ensure installation complies with DEWA standards and safety regulations
3. Rectify any defects before submitting for DEWA’s final inspection

DEWA's Final Approval Includes:

 Site inspection of wiring, earthing, protection devices, etc.

 Equipment and system testing
 Safety compliance verification
 Only after passing inspection, DEWA will connect power supply

Important Notes:

 No electrical supply will be energized without DEWA’s approval

 Inspection ensures public safety, system reliability, and quality assurance

Inspection Checklist: a) DISTRIBUTION EQUIPMENT

Installation & Mechanical Integrity

 Secure fixing of distribution boards

 Live parts insulated, not damaged during erection
 Barriers installed securely and adequately
 Enclosure rating suitable for IP (Ingress Protection) and fire rating
 Enclosure not damaged during installation

Safety Features

 Obstacles/barriers present and effective to avoid accidental contact

 Main switch present and properly linked (where needed)
 Functional test of main switch operation
 Manual circuit breakers & RCDs/ELCBs working correctly
 RCD test button/switch causes tripping as required (function check)

Protection Devices

 RCDs/ELCBs provided:
o For fault protection
o For additional protection (e.g., wet areas, outdoor)
 Surge Protection Devices (SPDs) present where required

July 23, 2025 13

DEWA REGULATIONS BRIEF EXPLANATION

 Indication confirms SPD is functional

Notices & Labels

 RCD quarterly test notice posted near the origin

 Circuit chart/schedule present near each distribution board
 Warning notice for mixed cable colors (non-standard) posted, if used
 Alternative supply warning labels present at:
1. Origin of supply
2. Meter location (if remote from origin)
3. Distribution board with alternate/additional supply
4. All isolation points for all supplies
 Next inspection date label present
 All other required labels provided

Protective Devices & Connections

 Correct selection of protective devices and mounting bases

 Single-pole breakers used only on line (live) conductors
 Protection against:
o Mechanical damage where cables enter equipment
o Electromagnetic interference at ferromagnetic entry points
 All conductor connections (to terminals & busbars) are:
o Correctly located
o Tight and secure

Inspection Checklist: b) CIRCUITS

Cables & Conductors

 Conductors properly identified

 Cables supported throughout run
 Check cables for mechanical damage during installation
 Check live parts insulation is intact (not damaged during erection)
 Non-sheathed cables protected by conduit, ducting, or trunking
 Containment systems suitable (incl. flexible conduits)
 Correct insulation temperature rating
 Cable capacity suitable for load and installation type
 Protective devices adequate:
o Correct type
o Right fault current rating
 CPCs (Circuit Protective Conductors) present and adequate

July 23, 2025 14

DEWA REGULATIONS BRIEF EXPLANATION

 Coordination between cables & protective devices

Installation Practices

 Wiring system matches installation nature and external environment

 Concealed cables (under floor, ceiling, walls) protected from damage

RCD / ELCB Protection – 30mA (IΔn)

 RCDs provided in these critical scenarios:

1. Outdoor mobile equipment ≤32A
2. Socket outlets ≤20A, unless exempt
3. Cables in walls <50mm depth
4. Cables in metal-framed walls, any depth

Fire Safety

 Fire barriers and sealing provided to stop spread of fire

Separation & Segregation

 Band II cables (mains voltage) separated from

Band I cables (telecom, signaling)
 Electrical cables separated from non-electrical services (e.g., water, gas)

Terminations at Enclosures

1. Connections not under strain

2. No bare conductors visible outside enclosures
3. Live connections enclosed properly
4. Correct entry fittings used (glands, bushes, etc.)

Accessories & Devices

 Circuit accessories suitable for environment

 Not damaged during erection
 Single-pole switches installed on line conductors only
 All connections (including CPCs) secure and adequate, especially at:
o Fixed equipment
o Stationary appliances

Inspection Checklist: c) ISOLATION & SWITCHING

July 23, 2025 15

DEWA REGULATIONS BRIEF EXPLANATION

1. Isolators

 Devices present at correct locations

 Can be locked in OFF position
 Operation tested (functional check)
 Clearly identified (installation/circuit marked properly)
 Warning notice posted if one device cannot isolate all live parts

2. Switching Off for Mechanical Maintenance

 Switching devices installed

 Acceptable location (local or remote to equipment)
 Can be secured in OFF position
 Correct operation confirmed
 Circuit clearly marked (location/durable labeling)

3. Emergency Switching / Emergency Stop

 Emergency stop devices available

 Easy to access in danger zones
 Functional check verified
 Marked which circuit/installation is disconnected

1.13 MAINTENANCE, PERIODIC INSPECTION & TESTING

Functional Switching

 Devices present for switching functions

 Functional test confirms correct operation

Visual Reminder: Device Purposes

Symbol Purpose
Isolator – Safe disconnection
Switch for mechanical maintenance
Emergency stop – danger prevention
Functional switch – normal ops

Checklist: d) Current-Using Equipment (Permanently Connected)

July 23, 2025 16

 DEWA REGULATIONS BRIEF EXPLANATION

Structural Safety

 Equipment suitable for IP rating & fire classification

 Enclosure not damaged or weakened during installation
 Equipment suitable for environment and external influences
 Proper fixing & mounting in place

Fire Safety Precautions

 Cable entry holes in ceilings above luminaires are sealed or sized to restrict fire spread

Protection Features

 Undervoltage protection installed (if required)

 Overload protection installed (if required)

Recessed Luminaires (Downlighters)

 Correct lamp type installed

 Installed to minimize heat build-up

Accessibility & Work Space

 Adequate working clearance for maintenance & inspection

 Equipment easily accessible

Testing & Certification

 DEWA Inspection & Testing Certificate to be completed via One Window System
 Tests include:
o Insulation resistance
o Continuity
o Earth electrode resistance
 DEWA will verify submitted test results during on-site inspection

Appendix Reference:

Refer to Appendix-3 for complete test formats and values. TEST REPORTS

1.13 – Maintenance, Periodic Inspection & Testing

July 23, 2025 17

 DEWA REGULATIONS BRIEF EXPLANATION

Purpose

Regular maintenance and testing ensures:

 Safety
 Reliable performance
 Risk prevention

Inspection Frequency

Type of Installation Frequency Responsibility

Industrial & Commercial Every 2 years Independent consultant or contractor

Inspection Reports Must Include:

 Defects found in existing installations

 Rectification actions taken
 Test result schedule
 Must be submitted to DEWA in writing

Inspection Types

1. Visual Inspection
o Check external condition of visible equipment
o Look for wear, damage, corrosion, overheating, etc.
2. Detailed Internal Inspection
o May include partial dismantling
o Scope to be agreed with DEWA

Sample Inspection Items (Depending on Premises Type):

Distribution boards
Socket-outlets
Switches
Protective devices
Lighting systems
Earthing & bonding
Cables & conduits
Mechanical damage or overheating
Insulation deterioration
Accessibility & labeling
Equipment security & sealing
RCD/ELCB functioning

July 23, 2025 18

 DEWA REGULATIONS BRIEF EXPLANATION

a) Electrical Intake Equipment – Inspection Checklist

This category covers the main incoming electrical equipment in a building or facility. Inspections must ensure
safety, compliance, and correct installation.

Inspection Items

Item Inspection Focus

Main / Service Cable - Correct size & type - Proper termination - Mechanical protection
Main Earthing - Earth electrode installed as per standard - Earth bar connections - Continuity
Arrangements check
- Properly routed and secured - No mechanical damage - Segregated from other
Metering Cabling
circuits
Metering Equipment - Securely fixed and sealed - Accessible for DEWA - No tampering or damage

Important Notes

 Equipment should not be exposed to moisture, dust, or risk of fire.

 Meter boxes should be lockable and tamper-proof.
 Use DEWA-approved materials and follow all safety regulations.
 Test results and inspection observations must be recorded in the Inspection & Testing Certificate
through DEWA One Window.

b) Automatic Disconnection of Supply

1. Earthing Arrangement

Checkpoints What to Look For

Earth Electrode Presence Earth rod or plate must be installed properly and accessible
Must comply with DEWA/IEC sizing tables based on system and fault
Earthing Conductor Size
levels
Conductor Connections All terminations must be firm, secure, corrosion-free
Accessibility of Earth All earth connections must be visible and reachable for
Connections inspection/maintenance

2. Protective Bonding Arrangement

Checkpoints What to Inspect

Main Bonding Conductor Size Sufficient cross-section (typically min. 16 mm² Cu for PME/TN system)
Bonding Connection Locations Water, gas, structural steel, AC ducts, etc. must be properly bonded

July 23, 2025 19

 DEWA REGULATIONS BRIEF EXPLANATION

Checkpoints What to Inspect

Accessibility of Bonding Bonding points must not be hidden inside walls/floors without inspection
Connections access
Proper labeling/stickers must be present at DBs, earth bars, and
Earthing & Bonding Labels
equipotential bars

Purpose of This Inspection Section:

1. Cable Identification & Installation

Checkpoints What to Look For

Conductor Identification All phase, neutral & CPCs must be properly colour-coded or labelled
Cable Support Cables must be adequately supported throughout the full run
Insulation Condition No signs of cuts, cracks, burns, or insulation breakdown
Non-Sheathed Cable
Protected by trunking/conduit/ducts (no exposed wiring)
Protection
Tray, conduit, trunking should be durable, undamaged & suitable for
Containment Suitability
continued use
Correct Cable Terminations Proper glanding, secure fix at enclosure/DB ends
Tight & Secure Connections All cable ends and busbar connections must be firm and correctly placed

2. Cable Sizing, Protection & Damage Assessment

Test/Check Purpose
Signs of Overheating /
Melted, brittle, discoloured insulation or mechanical damage
Damage
Cables must match expected load, with derating considered (grouping, temp,
Current-Carrying Capacity
etc.)
Correct Protective Device Use MCB, RCBO, or fuses with right rating for the circuit
Presence of CPC (Earth wire) CPC must be present and continuous for all final circuits
Overload Coordination MCB rating must match cable size & expected load

3. Cable Routing & Sunlight/Fire Protection

| UV Resistance | Use UV-rated cable if exposed to direct sunlight |

| Concealed Cables (in wall/floor/ceiling) | Must:
Be in safe zones
Or have earthed metallic sheath/trunking
Or be protected from nails/screws |
| Fire Sealing & Thermal Barriers | Firestops and thermal protection around penetrations or risers |

July 23, 2025 20

 DEWA REGULATIONS BRIEF EXPLANATION

4. Separation & Segregation

| Band I & Band II Separation | Low-voltage (LV) & ELV/communication cables must be separated |
| Separation from Non-Electrical Services | Water, gas, HVAC ducts, etc. must be kept clear from electrical
wiring |

5. Accessories & Switching Devices

| Condition of Accessories | Sockets, switches, isolators must be undamaged, properly fixed, functional |
| External Influence Suitability | Outdoor/IP-rated accessories where required |
| Line Conductor Switching Only | Neutral should not be switched unless double pole isolator used |
| Correct CPC Connection in Accessories | Earth wire must be securely terminated in all sockets, DBs,
enclosures |
| Log Devices & Locations | All inspected items should be recorded by ID and location |
| Isolators & Switchgear | Present, accessible, operational & correctly located |

6. General Condition

| Wiring System Status | Free from clutter, damage, or poor workmanship |

| Cable Temperature Rating | Insulation rating (typically 70°C or 90°C) must suit environment & load |

e) Final Circuits

Final circuits are the last stage of distribution, supplying lighting points, sockets, and fixed equipment. Safety
and conformity in these circuits are critical for protection and performance.

Inspection Points Summary

1. Cable Identification & Support

Checklist What to Check

Conductor Identification Proper color coding (e.g., brown/blue/green-yellow)
Support Throughout Run Clips, saddles, trunking – spacing per cable type
Cable Insulation Condition No cuts, burns, or brittle insulation

July 23, 2025 21

 DEWA REGULATIONS BRIEF EXPLANATION

2. Enclosure & Containment Systems

Checklist What to Check

Unsheathed Cables Enclosed Must be in conduit/trunking if unsheathed
Conduits and Trunking Suitability No cracks, corrosion, or mechanical damage
Containment for Sunlight/Heat/Impact UV-resistant and heat-rated if exposed

3. Current Carrying & Protection

Checklist What to Check

Cable Size vs Load Type Cross-sectional area must match load and installation method
Correct Type of Protective Devices MCBs/RCBOs correctly rated for overload and fault
Protective Conductors Present and Adequate CPCs continuous and properly sized
Coordination: Cable vs Device Cable should not be underrated for the MCB installed

4. Concealed Cable Protection

Location-Specific Checks Requirement

Installed in Safe Zones Horizontal/vertical from outlets/switches only
Armoured/Sheathed or Mechanically Protected Especially if <50 mm deep in wall or in walls with metal

5. RCD (30mA) Protection Requirements

Required In These Cases For Safety Against Electric Shock

Sockets ≤ 20A Unless exemption applies
Mobile Equipment ≤ 32A (outdoors) Mandatory
Cables < 50mm Deep in Wall Even if earthed
Cables in Metal-Part Containing Walls Regardless of depth – RCD required

6. Thermal, Fire & Cable Routing Protections

Checklist What to Inspect

Fire Barriers & Sealing Around cable entries through floors/walls
Protection from Thermal Effects Heat from luminaires, transformers, equipment
Segregation from Band I & Non-Electrical Maintain safe separation (e.g., from data/TV or
Services plumbing)

July 23, 2025 22

 DEWA REGULATIONS BRIEF EXPLANATION

7. Cable Termination & Accessories

Termination & Accessories Must Meet These Criteria

Connections Not Under Strain No tight pulls or twisted conductors
No Basic Insulation Exposed Only insulation inside enclosures
Proper Glanding/Bushing At DBs, control panels, junction boxes
Good Condition of Socket/Sw/Joint Boxes No cracks, looseness, discoloration
Temperature-Rated Cable Insulation Suitable for ambient and load conditions (e.g., 70°C, 90°C XLPE)

8. Functional Operation & Switching

Checklist Functional Safety Assurance

Correct Isolation & Switching Devices Present, accessible, and operating correctly
Single-Pole Switching in Line Only Especially for lighting and socket circuits
Correct Location of Devices For all fixed equipment and circuit types

9. General Condition of Wiring

Overall System Health Check What to Observe

General Visual Condition No signs of damage, corrosion, or wear-out
Temperature Ratings Verified On cable insulation (markings) and circuit usage suitability

f) Isolation and Switching

1. Isolators

Isolators disconnect electrical supply for safety during maintenance or servicing.

Checklist What to Inspect

Presence & Condition of Device Appropriately rated switch disconnector or isolator
Location – Local or Remote Clearly noted – should be convenient for the equipment user
Capable of Being Locked OFF Lockable OFF position to prevent accidental energization
Correct Operation Verified Switch turns OFF with visible/mechanical confirmation
Clearly Identified/Labelled Device location & function must be permanently and visibly marked
Warning Label (if partial isolation) Required if one device cannot isolate all live conductors

2. Switching OFF for Mechanical Maintenance

Switches provided to stop mechanical movement safely (e.g., motors, pumps).

July 23, 2025 23

 DEWA REGULATIONS BRIEF EXPLANATION

Checklist What to Verify

Presence & Condition of Devices Switches must be functional and in good condition
Acceptable Location – Local/Remote Close enough to be operated by maintenance personnel
Lockable in OFF Position Prevents accidental restart
Correct Operation Verified Confirmed through testing or demonstration
Clearly Identified/Labelled Should clearly state its use and which equipment it controls

3. Emergency Switching / Stopping

Used in emergencies to stop power immediately (e.g., fire, electric shock risk, machinery hazard).

Checklist Safety Requirement

Presence & Condition of Devices Emergency stop buttons/switches must be available and operable
Readily Accessible Must be reachable without obstruction
Correct Operation Verified Function checked during routine testing
Clearly Identified/Labelled Marked as “EMERGENCY STOP” with durable labels

4. Functional Switching

Used for routine control of equipment, such as lighting or appliances.

Checklist What to Inspect

Presence & Condition of Devices Light switches, control panels, wall-mounted controls etc.
Correct Operation Verified Confirm all functions work as intended

Summary of Switching & Isolation Types

Type Purpose Key Features

Isolators For safe electrical disconnection Lockable, labeled, accessible
Mechanical Maintenance Isolate moving machinery Local switch, lock-off, visible operation
Emergency Stop Instant off during danger Red button/switch, unobstructed, marked clearly
Functional Switching Routine device control Working light/fan switches, properly rated

g) Current-Using Equipment (Permanently Connected)

1. General Condition of Equipment

July 23, 2025 24

 DEWA REGULATIONS BRIEF EXPLANATION

Inspection Item What to Check

Enclosure should meet correct Ingress Protection (IP) level (e.g.,
IP Rating Condition
IP44/IP65)
Components must not pose fire risks due to poor design, loose wires,
No Fire Hazard
etc.
Enclosure Not
Casing must be intact and not compromised by rust, cracks, or heat
Damaged/Deteriorated
Suitable for Environment Rated for heat, humidity, outdoor/indoor use, etc.
Securely Fixed Firmly mounted to walls, ceilings, etc.—no loose units

2. Fire Protection Above Luminaires

Inspection Item What to Check

Ceiling Cable Entry Holes Properly Sized/Sealed Openings above fixtures must prevent fire/smoke spread

3. Recessed Luminaires (Downlights)

Checklist Inspection Criteria

Correct Type of Lamps Fitted Avoid excessive heat generation or overloading fittings
Fire-Rated Fittings or Insulation
Prevent fire risk and heat buildup in ceiling voids
Displacement Box
No Overheating Signs – Building Fabric Check surroundings (ceiling material) for burns/discoloration
No Overheating Signs – Inspect wiring and connections inside fitting for insulation
Conductors/Terminations melting or browning

Summary of Compliance Checklist

Item Requirement
Enclosure condition No cracks, corrosion, or missing covers
IP rating Suitable for environment (e.g., bathrooms: IP44/IP65)
Fire risk No signs of burning, sparking, or overheating
Secure mounting Firmly fixed, not wobbling or hanging loose
Fire protection for ceiling penetrations Holes sealed to resist fire spread
Recessed downlights Use correct lamps, fire-rated fittings, no insulation blockage

Extensions and Alterations

No Unauthorized Modifications Allowed

 Consumers are strictly prohibited from making any changes, extensions, or alterations to their
existing electrical installations without prior written approval from DEWA.

July 23, 2025 25

 DEWA REGULATIONS BRIEF EXPLANATION

Application Requirement

Condition Requirement
Additional Load Approval required from DEWA before increasing the connected load
Any change in wiring, load distribution, or main DB requires fresh
Modification
application
New Construction or
Even for small add-ons or renovations, DEWA must be notified and approve
Additions
Application Process Must be submitted online through DEWA’s portal

Subject to Terms & Conditions

 All changes are subject to DEWA's current policies, which may be revised from time to time.
 This includes:
o Design Standards
o Load Criteria
o Metering Configuration
o Supply Line Requirements

Summary Checklist

Action Without Approval With DEWA Approval

Add extra power sockets
Add new rooms with lighting
Change or upgrade DB
Increase HVAC load
Shift meter or intake cable

Section 2 – Definitions

EQUIPMENT AND DEVICES

Term Meaning Example

A device used with wiring or equipment, but does
Accessory Switches, plugs, sockets
not consume power.
Appliance A current-using device (not a lamp or motor). Microwave, kettle
A physical shield to prevent accidental contact with
Barrier Cover inside DB
live parts.
Recessed Luminaires (from Light fixtures installed in ceilings with safety from Downlights with fire-rated
earlier notes) heat/fire hazards. boxes

POWER AND ELECTRICITY TERMS

July 23, 2025 26

 DEWA REGULATIONS BRIEF EXPLANATION

Term Meaning Units / Example

Active Power The useful power that performs work. Watts (W), e.g., running a fan
Apparent Power The total power including real and reactive power. kVA or MVA
Reactive Power Power that doesn’t do useful work, but necessary in AC kVAr (not defined directly
(implied) circuits. here)

ENVIRONMENTAL & INSTALLATION CONDITIONS

Term Meaning Where used

The surrounding air temperature where
Ambient Temperature Impacts breaker ratings
equipment is installed.
Suitability for Environment Equipment must be fit for dust, humidity, or IP-rated enclosures for
(from earlier) heat. outdoor DBs

PROTECTION & SAFETY

Term Meaning Function

Basic Protection Protection against shock under normal conditions. Insulated wiring, covers
Basic Insulation First layer of insulation on live parts. PVC covering on cables
Back-up Feeder breaker tripping if DB
A secondary safety system that trips if the main fails.
Protection breaker fails
Bonding
A wire that connects metal parts to maintain same potential. Earth bonding for water pipes
Conductor
The area a person can touch without moving — used to define
Arm’s Reach Limits for live part clearance
touch hazard zones.

CABLE MANAGEMENT

Term Meaning Design Note

Cables grouped in the same conduit/trunking, affecting heat Requires derating in cable size
Bunched
dissipation. calculation

CABLE SUPPORT & PROTECTION SYSTEMS

Term Definition Visual / Notes

Mechanical holders fixed along a cable route to secure cables in ![ ] Prevent cable
Cable Cleat
place. movement
Cable A rack-like structure with crossbars used to support multiple heavy ![ ] Open type; allows
Ladder cables. airflow

July 23, 2025 27

 DEWA REGULATIONS BRIEF EXPLANATION

Term Definition Visual / Notes

A solid-bottom tray with raised edges (non-perforated if <30% ![ ] Used for control/power
Cable Tray
holes). cables
Cable An enclosure (often rectangular) that protects and hides cables. One ![ ] Aesthetic + mechanical
Trunking side is removable. protection
Cable Long enclosed channels (not conduit or trunking) where cables are
![ ] Common underground
Ducting pulled after ducting is laid.
A closed tube that routes and protects cables — allows cable
Conduit ![ ] PVC, GI, EMT
pulling and replacing, but not lateral entry.

ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS & CONDUCTORS

Term Definition Example / Use

Factory-assembled system of solid conductors (busbars) inside a
Busbar Trunking ![ ] Common in
protective casing, with optional tap-off points. Includes flexible
System risers and substations
joints, expansion, phase transposition, etc.
A group of equipment supplied from one source and protected by One MCB protecting
Circuit
the same breaker. lighting or sockets
A device that can make/break normal and fault current (e.g., short ![ ] MCCB, ACB,
Circuit Breaker
circuit). May operate manually or automatically. MCB
Circuit Protective A safety earth wire that connects all exposed metal parts to the main ![ ] Green/yellow
Conductor (CPC) earth. Prevents shock hazard. wire

POWER SOURCES

Term Definition Application

Central Power A dedicated system that supplies emergency power to Used for fire alarms, emergency
System critical safety equipment. lighting

CONNECTORS, CURRENT, & CABLES

Term Definition Explanation / Use

Female-ended part of a coupler (plug/socket) that attaches ![ ] Found in plug-in
Connector
to the flexible cable away from the supply side. appliances
The exact place where the generating system (solar,
Connection Point / ![ ] Used in DRRG
etc.) connects to DEWA’s grid and the main meter is
Point of Connection systems
installed.
Current-Carrying The maximum current a conductor can safely carry ![ ] Depends on material,
Capacity of Conductor without exceeding allowed temperature. insulation, ambient temp
Design Current (of a The expected normal current that a circuit will carry Used to size cables and
circuit) during operation (not the overload). breakers
Current-Using Any equipment that consumes electrical energy
e.g., Fan, Oven, Motor
Equipment (converts it to light, heat, motion, etc.)

July 23, 2025 28

 DEWA REGULATIONS BRIEF EXPLANATION

LOAD & DEMAND CALCULATIONS

Term Definition Purpose / Formula

Demand Max Demand / Total Connected Load → Always ≤ Shows how much of the installed load is
Factor 1 likely to run at once
Diversity Sum of Individual Max Demands / Max Demand on Used to reduce oversizing in load
Factor System → Always > 1 estimations

SWITCHING & PROTECTION DEVICES

Term Definition Where it's used

Unlike circuit breakers, it
A mechanical switch that isolates a part of the system when open.
Disconnector doesn't interrupt fault
Used for safe maintenance.
current
An enclosure with protective devices (MCBs, RCDs, etc.) that
Distribution ![ ] Main DB, SMDB,
distributes electricity to various circuits. May include isolation,
Board FDB
control, and monitoring features.

HVAC & COOLING SYSTEMS

Term District Cooling System (DCS)

A centralized system that provides chilled water through underground pipes to multiple
Definition
buildings for cooling.
Main
Central Plant + Distribution Network + Consumer System (AHUs, FCUs)
Components
Advantage Improves efficiency, reduces the need for individual chillers in buildings

SAFETY & INSULATION

Term Definition Use Case

Double Two layers: basic insulation + supplementary insulation, Common in Class II appliances
Insulation giving extra protection against electric shock. (no need for earth wire)

DUCTING & CONDUITS

Term Definition Explanation / Application

A closed underground or built-in channel to carry one ![ ] Used in infrastructure, roads, buildings for
Duct
or more electrical cables. safe cable routing

July 23, 2025 29

 DEWA REGULATIONS BRIEF EXPLANATION

EARTHING SYSTEM COMPONENTS

Term Definition Explanation / Symbol

Used as electrical reference
Earth The conductive ground mass taken as 0V potential.
for all systems
A metal rod or conductor placed in the ground to
Earth Electrode Provides physical grounding
connect the system to Earth.
Earth Electrode The resistance measured between the electrode and the Must be low (e.g., <1Ω) for
Resistance Earth. safety
Unwanted current that flows directly to Earth during a Dangerous – triggers
Earth Fault Current
fault (e.g., short to metal body). protection
Earth Fault Loop The total impedance in the path from fault point back to Important for tripping time of
Impedance (Zs) source, via Earth. breakers
A small current flowing to Earth in a healthy system, Detected by RCDs, not a
Earth Leakage Current
often through insulation or capacitors. fault unless high
Connecting exposed parts (like metallic cases) to the ![ ] Creates safe path for
Earthing
earthing system to avoid shock risk. fault current
The wire that links equipment or the system to the earth
Earthing Conductor Usually green/yellow cable
electrode or earth bar.

SAFETY TERMINOLOGY

Term Definition Explanation / Importance

The harmful physiological effect when current passes Can cause burns,
Electric Shock
through the human or animal body. unconsciousness, or death
Emergency A switch operation meant to quickly cut power to stop E.g., emergency stop button on
Switching danger or an accident. machines

SYSTEM & COMPONENT TERMS

Term Definition Application

Electrical A complete assembly of electrical systems and equipment installed E.g., entire wiring setup
Installation for a specific task or purpose. of a building
Electronic A device that controls starting and operation of fluorescent lamps. Reduces flicker, improves
Ballast Modern versions use solid-state components. lamp life
A protective box or housing that shields equipment from external Rated by IP level (e.g.,
Enclosure
influences and accidental contact. IP65, IP44)

TIP: Symbols and Visual Mnemonics

 Earth symbol: ⏚
 Zs (Impedance): Zs = (Source + Line + Earth return impedance)
 Emergency switching is usually marked in red or has a mushroom-head push button

July 23, 2025 30

 DEWA REGULATIONS BRIEF EXPLANATION

General Electrical Equipment Terms

Term Definition Explanation / Examples

Any item used for generation, conversion, Includes: transformers, switches,
Equipment
transmission, distribution, or use of electrical energy. measuring devices, lights, wiring, etc.
Fixed Electrical equipment that is permanently mounted in a
e.g., Wall-mounted distribution board
Equipment specific place.
Flexible Cable designed to bend or flex repeatedly in normal
e.g., Extension cords, machine leads
Cable use.
Used for domestic appliances like irons,
Flexible Cord A flexible cable with conductor size ≤ 4 mm².
fans, etc.

Protection, Bonding & Safety

Term Definition Explanation / Symbols

Equipotential Connecting all exposed and extraneous- Prevents voltage difference during faults
Bonding conductive parts to maintain the same potential. → reduces electric shock risk
Exposed- Any touchable metallic part of equipment not
e.g., Metal casing of an oven
Conductive Part normally live, but may become live in a fault.
Environmental factors that affect the design or Includes: humidity, heat, vibration,
External Influence
safety of the system. corrosive gas
Unintended current path in a circuit due to failure
Fault Creates risk of shock or fire
(e.g., insulation breakdown).
Must be cleared quickly using
Fault Current The actual current that flows due to a fault.
protection devices (fuse/breaker)

Circuit Types & Power Delivery

Term Definition Explanation

Final Circuit A circuit that directly feeds equipment or socket outlets. Last part of wiring from DB to device

Fuse Components – Overcurrent Protection

Term Definition Explanation / Function

A protection device that melts and breaks the circuit when current
Fuse Prevents overheating/fire
exceeds a certain limit.
Fuse The metallic wire inside the fuse that melts during overload or
The actual breaking component
Element fault.
Needs replacement after fuse
Fuse Link The replaceable part of the fuse containing the element.
blows

July 23, 2025 31

 DEWA REGULATIONS BRIEF EXPLANATION

Term Definition Explanation / Function

Fuse Allows insertion/removal from
The movable holder that carries the fuse link.
Carrier fuse base

Quick Recap with Relationships:

 Fault → causes Fault Current → detected by Fuse/MCB

 Exposed Part → must be bonded and earthed
 Equipotential Bonding → keeps all metal parts at same voltage to prevent electric shock
 Final Circuit → last connection to load (fan, outlet, AC)

Green Energy & Sustainability

Term Definition Explanation / Examples

A building that is environmentally sustainable— e.g., Buildings using solar panels,
Green
designed, built, and operated to reduce environmental energy-efficient lighting, water-saving
Building (GB)
impact. systems
Grid Connecting a Renewable Resource Generating Plant e.g., Rooftop solar system feeding
Connection (RRGP) to the main electric grid. excess power to DEWA grid

Building Systems

Term Definition Explanation

HVAC A system that provides Heating, Ventilation, and Air e.g., Central AC, exhaust fans, duct
System Conditioning in a building. systems

Electrical Load & Components

Term Definition Explanation / Notes

The total power rating of all devices connected in the Important for load calculation and
Installed Load
system. DEWA approval
A non-conductive covering around a conductor to prevent
Insulation e.g., PVC sheath on copper wires
electric shock or short circuit.
Leakage Small amount of current that flows through unintended e.g., Flow to ground due to
Current paths under normal conditions. insulation imperfections
Any energized part of the system (even neutral) during
Live Part Can cause shock or arc if touched
normal operation.

July 23, 2025 32

 DEWA REGULATIONS BRIEF EXPLANATION

Protection & Switching Devices

Term Definition Explanation / Symbols

Interface Protection to disconnect a generator (e.g. solar inverter) during Mandatory in on-grid solar
Protection faults or abnormal conditions to protect the grid. PV systems
Used in solar PV systems
Inverter Converts DC to AC.
and UPS
Isolator A manual switch used to physically disconnect a part of the Not intended for breaking
(Disconnector) system for maintenance or safety. load current

Lighting & Control

Term Definition Explanation / Usage

Lighting Power The maximum allowable lighting power per unit area
Used in Green Building compliance
Density (LPD) (e.g., watts/m²).
A complete lighting unit, excluding the lamp (bulb), e.g., LED ceiling panel (without
Luminaire
but including fixtures, diffusers, holders, wiring, etc. LED bulb)
Used to define lighting levels for
LUX Unit of illuminance = 1 lumen per square meter.
rooms: e.g., Office = 300–500 lux

Switchgear and Assemblies

Term Definition Explanation

LV Switchgear & A preassembled unit of LV devices including Example: DB panel with MCBs,
Control Gear switches, control, measuring, protection, and meters, contactors, relays in one
Assembly regulating components. cabinet

QUICK CHECK:

 Green Building → Eco-friendly construction

 Isolator → For manual disconnection (no load breaking)
 Inverter → Converts DC (solar) → AC (grid)
 LPD and LUX → Used for lighting design
 Interface Protection → Protects grid from faulty generators

Earthing, Conductors & Demand

Term Definition Explanation / Use

A bar or point where all protective conductors
Main Earthing
(like CPC, bonding) are connected to the earthing Central earthing point in DB or MDB
Terminal
system.
Maximum The highest level of power demand recorded in a Used in sizing transformers, generators,
Demand given time period. and applying for DEWA load approvals

July 23, 2025 33

 DEWA REGULATIONS BRIEF EXPLANATION

Term Definition Explanation / Use

Neutral A return path for current in a 3-phase 4-wire or
Carries current under normal load
Conductor single-phase system, usually earthed at the source.

Material Properties

Term Definition Explanation / Example

Non- A material that does not burn and meets fire safety Used in fire-safe construction: e.g.,
combustible standards like BS 476. concrete, steel

Voltage Categories

Term Definition Explanation

The design voltage of a system, not the exact operating voltage. Used for cable sizing and
Nominal
Categories: Extra-low: ≤ 50 V AC or 120 V DC Low: > equipment rating. Real voltage
Voltage
Extra-low up to 1000 V AC / 1500 V DC can vary ±10%

Control & Sensing Devices

Term Definition Explanation / Use

Occupancy A device that detects people in a room and controls Used to save energy by switching off
Sensor lighting or systems accordingly. lights or AC in empty rooms

Current Fault Types

Term Definition Explanation

Includes both short circuit &
Overcurrent Any current above the rated value of conductor or equipment.
overload
Overload A type of overcurrent that happens when demand exceeds E.g., running too many ACs on a
Current normal load without a fault in wiring. small breaker

Solar PV System Term

Term Definition Explanation

Peak Power The maximum output power of a solar panel under Standard Test e.g., 10 panels × 400 Wp =
(Wp) Conditions (STC). Total array rating = sum of Wp of all modules. 4 kWp system

QUICK SUMMARY

July 23, 2025 34

 DEWA REGULATIONS BRIEF EXPLANATION

Symbol Means
Electrical system definitions
Safety and fault-related terms
Solar PV system
Sensors / automation

Wiring & Protective Equipment

Term Definition Explanation / Example

An accessory with pins that fits into a socket outlet, and Example: a 13A UK plug
Plug
connects to a flexible cable. connected to a kettle
Point (in A termination point in the fixed wiring where current-using Example: light point, fan point,
Wiring) equipment is connected. or socket point
Polyvinyl Chloride, a common insulation or sheath Good mechanical strength, flame
PVC
material used in cables. retardant

Earthing & Protection

Term Definition Explanation

A wire that connects: i) Exposed-conductive parts (metal bodies
Ensures metal parts
Protective of equipment) ii) Extraneous-conductive parts (e.g., water pipes)
Conductor / ECC iii) To main earthing terminal, iv) Earth electrode, v) don’t become live and
Neutral/Earthed point of supply cause shock

Protective Diverts fault current

Connecting system or equipment to earth for safety reasons.
Earthing to ground
Protective Prevents dangerous
Making sure all conductive parts are at equal potential by
Equipotential voltage between metal
connecting them together.
Bonding parts during a fault

Photovoltaic (Solar PV) Systems

Term Definition Explanation / Use

Stands for Photovoltaic, which converts sunlight into
PV Solar system on roof or carport
electricity.
A solar module that has a built-in inverter, output is AC only. Easy installation; plug & play
PV A.C. Module
No access to the DC side. system
A group of connected PV modules (solar panels) forming one e.g., 20 modules × 400Wp =
PV Array
DC power supply unit. 8kWp array
Carries DC power to junction
PV Array Cable The output cable coming from the PV array.
box or inverter

July 23, 2025 35

 DEWA REGULATIONS BRIEF EXPLANATION

Term Definition Explanation / Use

PV Array Box where PV strings are joined together and devices like Often mounted behind panels
Junction Box fuses or surge protectors are installed. or near inverter
The basic unit of a solar panel that generates electricity from
PV Cell Many cells form a module
light.
PV D.C. Main Cable that connects junction box to the DC input of the Must be properly sized and
Cable inverter. protected

QUICK SYMBOL LEGEND

Symbol Means
Electrical accessories
Safety & protection
Solar photovoltaic components

Photovoltaic (PV) System Components

Term Definition Explanation / Example

A full rooftop solar panel
PV Generator The complete assembly of PV arrays that produce DC electricity.
system
PV Generator The enclosure where PV arrays are electrically connected. It may
Placed near solar arrays
Junction Box house devices like fuses, surge arrestors.
Includes panels, inverter,
PV Installation The full setup of all PV system components that generate power.
cables, etc.
Converts DC output of solar panels to AC output for use in Critical for grid-tied
PV Inverter
homes/buildings. systems
PV Module The smallest completely weather-protected unit of solar cells. A single solar panel
Example: 10 modules ×
PV String A group of PV modules connected in series to increase voltage.
40V = 400V
PV String A box where multiple strings are joined and may contain fuses or Organizes and protects
Combiner Box DC isolators. strings
PV String Cable Cable that connects one PV module to another in a string. Carries DC current
Cable that connects the AC side of inverter to the building’s Final output to building
PV Supply Cable
electrical distribution board. load

Electrical Ratings & Power Terms

Term Definition Explanation / Example

The maximum current a device or system is designed to Used in MCB, inverter, or
Rated Current
handle safely under specified conditions. cable specs
The non-working power caused by inductive or capacitive
Reactive Power Found in motors,
loads. It supports voltage regulation but doesn’t perform
(kVAr/MVAr) transformers
actual work.
The leakage current due to imbalance between incoming Detected by RCD/ELCB for
Residual Current
and outgoing current in a circuit. electric shock protection

July 23, 2025 36

 DEWA REGULATIONS BRIEF EXPLANATION

Renewable Energy System Terms

Term Definition Explanation / Usage

Renewable Resource A group of units that produce power using Could include multiple solar
Generating Plant (RRGP) renewable sources. or wind units
Renewable Resource A single unit generating power from renewable
Can be part of RRGP
Generating Unit (RRGU) energy (e.g., solar, wind, hydro).

Construction-Related Term

Term Definition Explanation

Major renovation or upgrade of a building or its services to Can include rewiring, lighting
Refurbish
improve condition or function. upgrades, etc.

QUICK SYMBOL LEGEND

Symbol Meaning
Solar system or component
Electrical operation
Power or protection
Building works / construction

Residual Current Devices and Protection

Term Definition Explanation / Use

A switching device that disconnects the circuit
Residual Current Device Protects against electric shock
when the residual current (difference between live
(RCD) due to leakage to earth.
and neutral current) exceeds a threshold.
RCBO (Residual Current A device that combines earth leakage protection
Used where space is limited;
Breaker with Overcurrent (RCD) and overcurrent protection (MCB) in one
protects people and wiring.
Protection) unit.
RCCB (Residual Current An RCD without overcurrent protection. It only Must be used with a separate
Circuit Breaker) disconnects on earth leakage. MCB.
Commonly 30mA for personal
The specific value of leakage current that causes an
Residual Operating Current protection, 100–300mA for fire
RCD to trip under test conditions.
protection.

Symbol Tip:

 RCCB = Earth leakage only

 RCBO = Earth leakage + Overload

Earthing and Grounding-Related

July 23, 2025 37

 DEWA REGULATIONS BRIEF EXPLANATION

Term Definition Explanation / Context

Resistance Area The ground surface area around an Important for designing safe earthing
(Earth Electrode) electrode where voltage gradient can exist. systems.
Current flowing through a human or animal
Shock Current Detected/prevented using RCDs.
body that can cause injury or death.
High current caused by a low-resistance Very dangerous; requires fast-acting
Short-circuit Current
fault path between live conductors. protection like fuses or breakers.

Photovoltaic (PV) System Specific

Explanation /
Term Definition
Example
Maximum output current from a PV module or string
Isc STC (Short-Circuit Current Key rating used in
when terminals are shorted under lab-standard light and
under Standard Test Conditions) PV design.
temperature.

Circuit and Connection Types

Term Definition Explanation

Ring A circuit that forms a closed loop (ring) with both ends connected to Common in UK-style socket
Circuit the power source. wiring.
Socket- A fixed wiring point with female contacts that allows a plug to Common 13A wall socket is an
outlet connect electrical equipment. example.

Measurement and Installation Factors

Term Definition Explanation

Space Ratio (%) of the total cable area to the internal area of Must be kept below certain values to
Factor conduit or trunking. prevent overheating.

Renewable Generation Monitoring

Term Definition Explanation

RRGP A meter installed at the output of the Renewable Resource Required for net metering or
Electricity Meter Generating Plant to record total energy generation. SHAMS Dubai compliance.

Summary of Device Roles

Device Earth Leakage Overcurrent Typical Use

RCD Bathroom sockets, AC outdoor

July 23, 2025 38

 DEWA REGULATIONS BRIEF EXPLANATION

Device Earth Leakage Overcurrent Typical Use

RCCB Must pair with MCB
RCBO Space-limited DBs or protection per circuit

Photovoltaic Systems (PV)

Term Definition Explanation / Use

Standard Test Condition Set of lab reference conditions used to test and Ensures uniform comparison of
(STC) rate solar modules. PV modules.
→ a) 25°C Temperature of the PV cell.
→ b) 1000 W/m² Irradiance level simulating full sunlight.
Represents sun angle and light quality at mid-
→ c) Air mass 1.5
latitude noon.

Symbol Tip: STC = 1000W/m² @ 25°C = Test Standard

Power Backup & Storage

Term Definition Explanation / Example

Standby Electrical A backup power source used to maintain supply Example: Generator backing up lighting, air
Source for non-safety reasons when main power fails. conditioning, or IT loads (not life safety).
Thermal Energy A system to store heat or cold in a medium Common in district cooling and solar
Storage (TES) (like water, molten salt) for later use. thermal systems.

Switching Devices and Assemblies

Term Definition Explanation / Use

A mechanical device that makes, carries, and breaks current Can make short-circuit current,
Switch
under normal and limited abnormal conditions. but may not break it.
A combination of switching and control devices for protection, Includes circuit breakers, isolators,
Switchgear
operation, and regulation of an electrical system. protection relays, etc.
An assembly of switchgear and maybe instruments, not small Used in main and sub-main
Switchboard
final circuits. distribution.

Electrical Equipment Types

Term Definition Explanation

Fixed electrical devices or those heavier than 18 Examples: Distribution boards, large
Stationary Equipment
kg without a handle. motors.
Temporary Electrical An electrical setup meant for short-term use, Examples: Construction site supply,
Installation removed after task is over. event lighting.

July 23, 2025 39

 DEWA REGULATIONS BRIEF EXPLANATION

Wiring and Insulation

Term Definition Explanation

Wiring The combination of cables, busbars, conduits, Forms the complete distribution network within a
System trunking, etc. building.
Cross Linked Polyethylene insulation used in Offers high temperature, chemical, and
XLPE
power cables. electrical resistance.

XLPE is preferred for underground and high-load cables due to durability. Summary Table

Category Example Terms Purpose

PV Testing STC Solar system efficiency & sizing
Backup Standby source, TES Supply continuity, energy optimization
Switching Switch, Switchgear Circuit control, protection
Installations Temporary installation Event, construction, short-term setup
Wiring Wiring system, XLPE Safe, durable electrical distribution

July 23, 2025 40