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RRB ALP 2024 branding.
1. In the Union Budget 2024, which initiative did the Finance  Release of New Crop Varieties: Introduction of 109
Minister announce to enhance productivity in agriculture? high-yielding and climate-resilient varieties of 32 field
A) Introduction of genetically modified crops and horticulture crops to enhance productivity.
B) Expansion of irrigation facilities nationwide 2. The discussion paper titled '_____' was released by NITI Aayog
C) A new subsidy program for farmers on 15 January 2024.
D) A comprehensive review of the agriculture research setup A) Poverty Alleviation in India
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25/11/2024 Shift-1 B) Multidimensional Poverty in India since 2005-06

Answer: D C) Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction
In the Union Budget 2024, Finance Minister Nirmala D) Government Initiatives for Poverty Eradication
Sitharaman announced several initiatives aimed at enhancing 25/11/2024 Shift-2
agricultural productivity. Among the options provided: Answer: B
 A) Introduction of genetically modified crops: This NITI Aayog released a discussion paper titled 'Multidimensional
initiative was not specifically highlighted in the 2024 Poverty in India since 2005-06' on January 15, 2024.
budget. Therefore, the correct answer is B) Multidimensional Poverty in
 B) Expansion of irrigation facilities nationwide: While India since 2005-06.
irrigation is crucial, the budget did not announce a 3. According to the latest NSSO consumer expenditure survey
nationwide expansion of irrigation facilities. conducted in 2024, what is the reported poverty rate in India?
 C) A new subsidy program for farmers: The budget did A) 10%-15% B) Below 5%
not introduce a new subsidy program; instead, it C) Below 10% D) Above 15%
focused on structural reforms and support for 25/11/2024 Shift-3
sustainable practices. Answer: B
 D) A comprehensive review of the agriculture research According to the latest consumer expenditure survey conducted
setup: This option aligns with the budget's emphasis by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) for the year 2022-
on enhancing agricultural research to improve 23, poverty in India has declined to below 5%. NITI Aayog CEO
productivity and develop climate-resilient varieties. B V R Subrahmanyam stated that the survey findings indicate
Therefore, the correct answer is D) A comprehensive review of this significant reduction in poverty levels.
the agriculture research setup. Therefore, the correct answer is B) Below 5%.
Additionally, the budget outlined other significant measures, 4. India’s rank in the Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI)
including: improved from _____ in 2022 to _____ in 2023.
 Promotion of Natural Farming: Initiatives to transition A) 85; 93 B) 93; 85
one crore farmers to natural farming practices over the C) 40; 39 D) 85; 40
26/11/2024 Shift-2

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Answer: A In the Annual Financial Statement for 2024-25, Finance

In 2022, India's rank was 85, and in 2023, it was 93. Minister Nirmala Sitharaman announced the establishment of a
Therefore, India's rank in the Corruption Perceptions Index ₹1,000 crore venture capital fund to promote the growth of
(CPI) declined from 85 in 2022 to 93 in 2023. India's space economy.
5. What was the score for Goal 1 (No Poverty) in the 2023-24 Therefore, the correct answer is C) ₹1,000 crore.
SDG India Index? 8. Under the NPS Vatsalya scheme, subsequent contribution of
A) 72 B) 60 what minimum amount is required per annum with no
C) 54 D) 67 maximum limit?
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26/11/2024 Shift-3 A) ₹2,500 B) ₹500

Answer: A C) ₹5,000 D) ₹1,000
According to the SDG India Index 2023-24, released by NITI 27/11/2024 Shift-3
Aayog, Goal 1 (No Poverty) saw a significant improvement, with Answer: D
its score rising from 60 in 2020-21 to 72 in 2023-24. Under the NPS Vatsalya scheme, a minimum annual
Therefore, the correct answer is A) 72. contribution of ₹1,000 is required, with no maximum limit.
6. What was the unemployment rate in India for individuals Therefore, the correct answer is D) ₹1,000.
aged 15 years and above from July 2023 to June 2024? 9. According to the Economic Survey 2023-24, India's
A) 3.0% B) 3.2% cumulative installed solar power capacity reached _____ on 30
C) 3.3% D) 3.1% April 2024, after adding 15.03 GW in 2023-24.
26/11/2024 Shift-3 A) 89.64 GW B) 86.64 GW
Answer: B C) 80.64 GW D) 82.64 GW
According to the Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) annual 28/11/2024 Shift-1
report released by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO), Answer: D
the unemployment rate for individuals aged 15 years and above According to the Economic Survey 2023-24, India's cumulative
remained unchanged at 3.2% during the period from July 2023 installed solar power capacity reached 82.4 GW as of April 30,
to June 2024. 2024, after adding 15.03 GW during the fiscal year 2023-24.
Therefore, the correct answer is B) 3.2%. Therefore, the correct answer is D) 82.64 GW.
7. How much venture capital fund would be set up for space 10. What repo rate was declared by the Reserve Bank of India’s
economy in India as announced by the Finance Minister in the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) on 9 October 2024?
Annual Financial Statement 2024-25? A) 6.25% B) 6.10%
A) ₹500 crore B) ₹1,500 crore C) 6.75% D) 6.50%
C) ₹1,000 crore D) ₹700 crore 28/11/2024 Shift-1
27/11/2024 Shift-3 Answer: D
Answer: C

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On 9 October 2024, the Reserve Bank of India's Monetary C) HDFC Bank D) ICICI Bank
Policy Committee (MPC) announced that the repo rate would 29/11/2024 Shift-2
remain unchanged at 6.5%. Answer: B
Therefore, the correct answer is D) 6.50%. In 2024, the State Bank of India (SBI) launched the Green
11. ICICI Bank has partnered with which of the following Rupee Term Deposit (SGRTD) scheme. This initiative aims to
agencies in October 2024 to provide instant credit on UPI for mobilize funds to support environment-friendly projects and
pre-approved customers, offering up to ₹2 lakh credit with a foster a green finance ecosystem in India.
45-day repayment period? 14. Which of the following is NOT a pillar of strategic
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A) Google Pay B) PhonePe framework for achieving the objective of National State Policy
C) BharatPe D) Paytm 2024?
28/11/2024 Shift-2 A) Technological Intervention
Answer: B B) Restriction on Private Sector Engagement
ICICI Bank partnered with PhonePe in October 2024 to offer C) Strong Professional Sports Governance, Implementation and
instant credit on UPI for pre-approved customers. This Monitoring
collaboration allows customers to access up to ₹2 lakh in credit D) National Framework and Regulatory Bodies
with a 45-day repayment period through the PhonePe app. 29/11/2024 Shift-3
Therefore, the correct answer is B) PhonePe. Answer: B
12. Under the Prime Minister’s Internship Scheme launched in The National Sports Policy 2024 is structured around five key
October 2024, candidates will receive a monthly stipend of pillars:
what amount for the full 12-month internship period? 1. Excellence on the Global Stage: Enhancing
A) ₹1,500 B) ₹5,000 infrastructure, talent identification, and international
C) ₹6,500 D) ₹2,000 competitiveness.
28/11/2024 Shift-3 2. Sports for Economic Development: Leveraging sports
Answer: B to boost industries such as tourism and
Under the Prime Minister’s Internship Scheme launched in manufacturing.
October 2024, candidates receive a monthly stipend of ₹5,000 3. Sports for Social Development: Promoting inclusivity,
for the full 12-month internship period. This amount is divided health, and education through sports.
as follows: 4. Sports – A People’s Movement: Engaging
 Government Contribution: ₹4,500 per month communities and revamping the physical education
 Company Contribution: ₹500 per month (from the framework.
company's Corporate Social Responsibility funds) 5. Harmonization with the National Education Policy
13. In 2024, which of the following Indian banks launched the 2020: Integrating sports with education.
Green Rupee Term Deposit? These pillars collectively aim to foster a comprehensive and
A) Central Bank of India B) State Bank of India inclusive sports ecosystem in India. Notably, the policy

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encourages active participation from the private sector to by extending credit to various entities involved in rural
enhance sports development, indicating that restriction on development.
private sector engagement is not a component of the strategic 3. Which of the following data sources is used for estimating
framework. extreme poverty in India?
A) Household Consumer Expenditure Surveys
RPF SI 2024 B) National Census data
1. Which of the following is a feature of the Fiscal C) Agricultural production data
Responsibility and Budget Management Act, 2003 (FRBMA)? D) National Income data
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A) The reduction in fiscal deficit by 0.3 per cent of GDP each 02/12/2024 Shift-1
year Answer: A
B) The reduction in fiscal deficit by 0.2 per cent of GDP each Extreme poverty in India is primarily estimated using
year Household Consumer Expenditure Surveys (HCES) conducted
C) The reduction in fiscal deficit by 0.4 per cent of GDP each by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO). These surveys
year provide detailed data on consumption patterns, which are
D) The reduction in fiscal deficit by 0.5 per cent of GDP each crucial for assessing poverty levels.
year 4. Which of the following is the main measure used to evaluate
02/12/2024 Shift-1 a nation's economic health?
Answer: A A) Net Factor Income from Abroad (NFI)
The Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act, 2003 B) Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
(FRBMA) aimed to ensure fiscal discipline by setting targets for C) Gross National Product (GNP)
reducing fiscal deficits. One of its key features was the annual D) National Income
reduction of fiscal deficit by 0.3% of GDP until the desired 02/12/2024 Shift-1
target was achieved. Answer: B
2. Which of the following NABARD subsidiaries sets an Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the main measure used to
objective to provide credit facilities to individuals and other evaluate a nation's economic health. It represents the total
legal entities? value of all goods and services produced within a country's
A) NABSAMRUDDHI B) NABCONS borders in a specific time period and is widely used to assess the
C) NABFOUNDATION D) NABVENTURE overall economic performance of a nation.
02/12/2024 Shift-1 5. How do sustainable agriculture practices contribute to rural
Answer: A development?
NABSAMRUDDHI is a subsidiary of NABARD (National Bank for A) Sustainable practices have minimal impact on rural
Agriculture and Rural Development) that aims to provide credit development and focus only on environmental conservation
facilities to individuals and other legal entities. It focuses on B) By increasing dependence on chemical fertilisers and
the promotion of rural entrepreneurship and financial inclusion pesticides

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C) They restrict agricultural productivity by limiting the use of Banking institutions serve as a vital component of economic
modern technologies infrastructure by facilitating a wide range of financial activities.
D) Through enhancing soil health, water conservation and They support stock trading, manage investments and deposits,
biodiversity, leading to better long-term agricultural provide funding for businesses and individuals, and handle loan
productivity and rural livelihoods remittances. Their role is integral to maintaining financial
02/12/2024 Shift-2 stability and economic growth both in India and globally.
Answer: D 8. How does the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) utilise the repo
Sustainable agriculture practices contribute to rural rate to control inflation?
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development by focusing on maintaining and improving the A) Decreasing the repo rate to increase the money supply,
health of the environment. This includes enhancing soil encouraging spending and investment
fertility, conserving water, protecting biodiversity, and B) Maintaining a constant repo rate regardless of inflation levels
promoting more resilient farming systems, which ultimately C) Increasing the repo rate and making borrowing more
lead to better long-term agricultural productivity and improved expensive for banks, thereby reducing the money supply in the
livelihoods for rural communities. economy
6. From 1999 to 2000, how much percentage of working people D) Increasing the repo rate to directly lower the prices of goods
in India were employed in the secondary sector? and services
A) 23.8% B) 15.8% 02/12/2024 Shift-2
C) 16.8% D) 12.8% Answer: C
02/12/2024 Shift-2 The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) uses the repo rate to control
Answer: B inflation by influencing borrowing costs. When the RBI
From 1999 to 2000, 15.8% of the working population in India increases the repo rate, it makes borrowing more expensive for
was employed in the secondary sector, which includes commercial banks. As a result, banks charge higher interest
industries like manufacturing, construction, and utilities rates on loans to businesses and consumers. This reduces the
7. Identify the economic infrastructure that supports financial overall money supply in the economy, which can help control
activities such as stock trading, a variety of investments and inflation by curbing excessive spending and demand.
deposits, funding initiatives, and loan remittances, both in 9. Who was the chairman of the eighth five-year plan of India?
India and globally. A) PV Narasimha Rao B) Narendra Modi
A) Brokerage firms C) Atal Bihari Vajpayee D) Manmohan Singh
B) Insurance sectors 02/12/2024 Shift-2
C) Banking Institutions Answer: A
D) Asset Management Companies(AMC) PV Narasimha Rao was the Chairman of the Eighth Five-Year
02/12/2024 Shift-2 Plan of India, which spanned from 1992 to 1997. He played a
Answer: C crucial role in shaping India's economic reforms during his
tenure as the Prime Minister of India.

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10. Which of the following is the Average propensity to save? Dena Bank was merged with Bank of Baroda in 2019, along with
A) It is the consumption per unit income. Vijaya Bank, as part of the government's consolidation plan to
B) It is the savings per unit of income. strengthen public sector banks. This created one of the largest
C) It is the change in saving per unit change in income. banks in India.
D) It is the change in consumption per unit change in income. 13. Which of the following is NOT a component of
02/12/2024 Shift-3 privatisation?
Answer: B A) Public management
The Average Propensity to Save (APS) is the ratio of total B) Certain volume of Government control of PPP
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savings to total income. It indicates the proportion of income C) Private ownership

that is saved rather than consumed. It is calculated as: D) Private control

APS = 02/12/2024 Shift-3

11. The National Commission on Agriculture (1976) of India Answer: A

has classified social forestry into three categories: Privatisation refers to the transfer of ownership, control, and

A) Urban Forestry, Rural Forestry and Farm Forestry B) Urban management of a business or service from the public sector

Forestry, Tribal Forestry and Wild Forestry (government) to the private sector. It involves components like

C) Urban Forestry, Semi Urban Forestry and Rural Forestry private ownership, private control, and certain volumes of

D) Urban Forestry, Semi Urban Forestry and Wild Forestry government control in Public-Private Partnerships (PPP).

02/12/2024 Shift-3 Public management is not a component of privatisation, as it

Answer: A typically refers to government management and is the opposite

The National Commission on Agriculture (1976) classified of privatisation.

social forestry into these three categories to encourage 14. Which of the following arguments is NOT in favour of

afforestation and community involvement: globalisation?

Urban Forestry: Planting trees in urban and peri-urban areas for A) It is enabled with advanced technology

environmental benefits and aesthetics. B) It promises better future prospects for large industries of

Rural Forestry: Meeting the needs of rural populations by developing countries

planting trees on common lands or wastelands. C) It compromises the welfare of the people of the developing

Farm Forestry: Encouraging farmers to grow trees on their own countries

lands for commercial or personal use. D) It provides greater access to global markets

12. Dena bank was merged with which public sector bank? 02/12/2024 Shift-3

A) State Bank of India B) Indian Bank Answer: C

C) Punjab National Bank D) Bank of Baroda This argument is NOT in favor of globalization. While

02/12/2024 Shift-3 globalization can bring benefits such as advanced technology,

Answer: D better access to global markets, and improved prospects for

large industries in developing countries, it can also lead to

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challenges such as inequality and exploitation, which may A) WTO B) GATT

compromise the welfare of people, particularly in developing C) IMF D) IBRD
countries. 03/12/2024 Shift-1
15. Which of the following is NOT considered as technical Answer: D
agrarian reforms? The World Bank is composed of two main institutions:
A) Scientific farm management practices *IBRD (International Bank for Reconstruction and
B) Mechanised means of cultivation Development), which provides loans to middle-income and
C) Use of insecticides and pesticides creditworthy low-income countries.
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D) Abolition of intermediaries *IDA (International Development Association), which offers

02/12/2024 Shift-3 concessional financing to the world's poorest nations.
Answer: D 18. In 1991, in order to make international adjustment the
The abolition of intermediaries is not considered a technical rupee was:
agrarian reform. It is a structural reform aimed at improving the A) stabilised B) devalued
distribution of land and removing intermediaries between the C) printed D) appreciated
landowners and the tenants or farmers. 03/12/2024 Shift-1
On the other hand, scientific farm management practices, Answer: B
mechanized means of cultivation, and use of insecticides and In 1991, as part of economic reforms and to address a balance
pesticides are technical reforms aimed at improving agricultural of payments crisis, the Indian government devalued the rupee.
productivity and efficiency through modern technologies and This was done to make India's exports more competitive and
practices. reduce the import bill, as part of a broader set of measures to
16. What unique role does the Small Industries Development stabilize the economy and make international adjustments.
Bank of India (SIDBI) play in the growth of SMEs? 19. Which of the following is the 'Utility of a commodity'?
A) Regulating the pharmaceutical industry A) It is the desire of dissatisfying the capacity of a commodity.
B) Facilitating access to finance for small and medium B) It is the want of satisfying the capacity of a commodity.
enterprises C) It is the desire to satisfy the capacity of a commodity.
C) Granting educational loans D) It is the want of dissatisfying the capacity of a commodity.
D) Providing direct funding to agricultural projects 03/12/2024 Shift-1
02/12/2024 Shift-3 Answer: B
Answer: B The utility of a commodity refers to its ability to satisfy a want
SIDBI plays a crucial role in promoting and supporting small or need. It is the satisfaction or benefit derived from consuming
and medium enterprises (SMEs) by facilitating access to a product or service, based on its capacity to meet specific
finance, offering funding options, and providing other financial desires or requirements.
services tailored to the needs of SMEs. 20. How has the advancement of technology impacted
17. The World bank comprises of __________. employment trends in India?

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A) Technological advancement has had no significant impact on C) Stimulating economic growth

employment trends D) Increasing consumer expenditure
B) Only manual and low-skill jobs have been affected by 03/12/2024 Shift-2
technological advancements Answer: B
C) It has created new job opportunities, especially in the IT and The primary goal of fiscal consolidation is to reduce government
service sectors, while also displacing traditional jobs debt by improving the fiscal deficit and controlling public sector
D) Technology has uniformly reduced employment borrowing requirements. It involves measures such as reducing
opportunities across all sectors the fiscal deficit, cutting unnecessary expenditures, and
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03/12/2024 Shift-1 increasing government revenues, all aimed at ensuring long-

Answer: C term economic stability.
Advancements in technology in India have significantly 23. Which of the following is a significant challenge faced by
impacted employment trends. On one hand, technology has microfinance institutions in India?
created new job opportunities, particularly in sectors like A) An oversupply of funds from international donors
information technology (IT), software development, and B) Lack of interest from rural populations
services. On the other hand, it has also led to the displacement C) High repayment rates by borrowers
of traditional jobs, especially in sectors like manufacturing and D) Regulatory changes impacting operational flexibility
agriculture, where automation and digitalization have reduced 03/12/2024 Shift-2
the need for certain types of manual labor. Answer: D
21. Which of the following roles does the Small Industries Microfinance institutions (MFIs) in India face several
Development Bank of India (SIDBI) perform in Indian challenges, and regulatory changes are a significant one. These
economy? changes can impact their ability to operate flexibly, affecting
A) Financing and promoting Micro, Small, and Medium their outreach and financial sustainability. Other challenges
Enterprises (MSMEs) include over-indebtedness among borrowers, high interest rates
B) Supervising credit rating agencies compared to mainstream banks, and limited financial literacy in
C) Managing government pension funds rural areas.
D) Regulating foreign exchange transactions 24. Which of the following is NOT a Poverty Estimation
03/12/2024 Shift-1 Committee?
Answer: A A) Kothari Committee B) Lakdawala Committee
SIDBI plays a crucial role in promoting and financing MSMEs in C) Alagh Committee D) Tendulkar Committee
India, providing them with the necessary support for their 03/12/2024 Shift-2
growth and development. Answer: A
22. What is the primary goal of fiscal consolidation? The Kothari Committee is not associated with poverty
A) Reducing inflation estimation in India. The other committees listed—Lakdawala
B) Reducing Government debt Committee, Alagh Committee, and Tendulkar Committee—

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have all played significant roles in defining and estimating 28. Which of the following did the conventional method
poverty in the country using different methodologies. specifically define as 'quasi-money'?
25. Which of the following is a Foreign Bank? A) Media of exchange considered as money
A) Canara Bank B) Axis Bank B) All forms of money
C) HDFC Bank D) BNP Paribas C) Financial instruments that are not media of exchange but are
03/12/2024 Shift-2 substitutes
Answer: D D) Narrow money
BNP Paribas is a foreign bank operating in India. It is a French 03/12/2024 Shift-3
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multinational banking and financial services company. Canara Answer: C

Bank, Axis Bank, and HDFC Bank are Indian banks, though they Quasi-money refers to financial instruments that, while not
may have international operations. being direct media of exchange like cash, can be easily
26. Which of the following states have a higher percentage of converted into money. Examples include savings deposits, time
multi-dimensionally poor? deposits, or money market funds, which are highly liquid and
A) Madhya Pradesh B) Bihar can perform similar functions in economic transactions.
C) Uttar Pradesh D) Jharkhand 29. Equity in agriculture called for __________, which primarily
03/12/2024 Shift-2 refers to change in the ownership of landholdings.
Answer: B A) land grab B) land reform
Bihar has a higher percentage of multi-dimensionally poor C) Zamindari system D) land consolidation
individuals compared to other states. The Multi-dimensional 03/12/2024 Shift-3
Poverty Index (MPI) takes into account various factors like Answer: B
education, health, and standard of living, and Bihar has been Land reform in agriculture primarily refers to changes in the
found to have a higher level of poverty on these parameters. ownership and distribution of landholdings. It aims to ensure
27. In January 2015, the Government of India replaced the equitable access to land for farmers, often through measures
Planning Commission with: such as the redistribution of land, abolition of the zamindari
A) ICICI B) NITI Aayog system, and tenancy reforms. The goal is to improve
C) NLCIL D) IDBI agricultural productivity and reduce inequality in rural areas.
03/12/2024 Shift-2 30. What characterises employment in the informal sector of
Answer: B the Indian economy?
On January 1, 2015, the Government of India replaced the A) Employment contracts are always written and legally
Planning Commission with NITI Aayog (National Institution for binding.
Transforming India). This new institution was established to act B) Informal sector jobs are typically high-wage positions.
as a policy think tank, focusing on cooperative federalism and C) Workers are entitled to social security benefits and formal
providing strategic and technical advice to both central and job protection.
state governments.

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D) Employment primarily involves self-employment or small, Answer: C

unregistered businesses. This argument is against globalization. While globalization has
03/12/2024 Shift-3 many benefits, such as increasing access to global markets,
Answer: D enhancing technology use, and diversifying products, it can also
In the informal sector of the Indian economy, employment exacerbate economic inequalities, both within and between
typically involves self-employment, small, unregistered countries. It may lead to a concentration of wealth and
businesses, and daily wage labor. Workers in this sector opportunities in certain sectors or regions, thereby increasing
generally lack formal contracts, job security, and social security economic disparities.
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benefits, and they are often engaged in activities that are not 33. Which of the following committees recommended the use
regulated by the government. This sector includes street of Mixed Reference Period against Uniform Reference Period?
vendors, domestic workers, and small-scale traders, among A) NITI Aayog
others. B) National Sample Survey Organisation
31. According to the sustainable development approach, which C) Tendulkar Expert Group
of the following strategies is essential for rural development? D) C Rangrajan Committee
A) Increasing reliance on non-renewable resources 09/12/2024 Shift-1
B) Integrating environmental sustainability with economic Answer: C
development The Tendulkar Expert Group recommended the use of the Mixed
C) Prioritising short-term economic gains Reference Period (MRP) instead of the Uniform Reference
D) Focusing solely on agricultural productivity Period (URP) for poverty estimation. This approach aimed to
03/12/2024 Shift-3 improve the accuracy of consumption data by using a shorter
Answer: B recall period for frequently purchased items and a longer recall
According to the sustainable development approach, it is period for less frequently purchased items.
essential to integrate environmental sustainability with 34. When is the Marginal Rate of Substitution (MRS) of Y for X
economic development. This strategy ensures that rural relevant?
development is not only economically viable but also A) When the consumer is ready to give up X for an additional
environmentally sustainable, helping preserve natural unit of Y
resources for future generations while promoting long-term B) When the consumer acquires additional units of both X and
economic growth. Y
32. Which of the following is against globalisation? C) When the consumer ready to give up both X and Y
A) Globalisation increases the use of advanced technology. D) When the consumer is ready to give up Y for an additional
B) Globalisation increases the diversification of products. unit of X
C) Globalisation increases economic disparities. 09/12/2024Shift-1
D) Globalisation increases access to global markets. Answer: A
03/12/2024 Shift-3

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The Marginal Rate of Substitution (MRS) of Y for X is relevant Answer: A

when a consumer is willing to sacrifice some amount of X in This statement is incorrect because the first phase of the Green
order to obtain an additional unit of Y, while maintaining the Revolution in India began in the 1960s, not the mid-1950s.
same level of utility. It measures the trade-off between two The Green Revolution, which involved the introduction of high-
goods and reflects the consumer's preferences. yielding variety (HYV) seeds, chemical fertilizers, and advanced
35. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT with irrigation techniques, started in India in the early 1960s and
respect to Agri-Clinics and Agri-Business Centres (AC&ABC) gained momentum during the late 1960s and 1970s.
Scheme in India? The other statements are correct:
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A) NABARD is implementing subsidy component under the  The Green Revolution helped the government procure
scheme on the behalf of Government of India. enough food grains for building reserves.
B) National Institute of Agricultural Extension Management  It led to self-sufficiency in food grains, particularly
(MANAGE) is the implementing agency for training component wheat and rice.
under the scheme.  The technology was initially more accessible to the
C) The AC & ABC Scheme is under implementation since April more affluent states, which had better infrastructure
2008. and resources.
D) As of December 2022, about 83810 candidates have been 37. How does the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)
trained under the scheme so far. enhance investor protection?
09/12/2024Shift-1 A) By providing insurance to investors
Answer: C B) By regulating stock exchanges and securities to prevent fraud
This statement is incorrect because the Agri-Clinics and Agri- C) By directly investing in the stock market
Business Centres (AC&ABC) Scheme was launched much D) By setting monetary policies
earlier, on April 9, 2002, not 20082. The scheme aims to 09/12/2024Shift-1
provide self-employment opportunities to agricultural Answer: B
graduates and enhance agricultural extension services. The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) enhances
36. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? investor protection by regulating the stock markets, ensuring
A) The first phase of the green revolution was started around fair trading practices, and preventing fraudulent activities.
the mid-1950s. SEBI's role includes enforcing rules, monitoring activities, and
B) The green revolution enabled the government to procure a ensuring transparency to protect investors' interests in the
sufficient amount of food grains to build a stock. financial markets.
C) The spread of green revolution technology enabled India to 38. Which of the following is the correct function of marketed
achieve self-sufficiency in food grains. surplus?
D) The use of High yielding variety seeds was restricted to the A) Marketed Surplus = Total farm produce - Previous years stock
more affluent states. in the market
09/12/2024Shift-1

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B) Marketed Surplus = Total supply of the market - Total 09/12/2024Shift-2

demand Answer: B
C) Marketed Surplus = Total demand in the market - Total In cardinal utility analysis, utility is expressed in measurable
supply numbers, representing the satisfaction or value derived from
D) Marketed Surplus = Total farm output produced by the consuming goods and services. This approach assumes that
farmer - Own consumption of farm output utility can be quantified, such as assigning specific units to the
09/12/2024Shift-2 pleasure or benefit gained.
Answer: D 41. Which of the following is the correct definition of jobless
[Link]

Marketed surplus refers to the portion of a farmer's total growth?

agricultural produce that is sold in the market, after accounting A) It is an economic phenomenon in which an economy
for their own consumption needs. It is the difference between experiences decreasing level of growth.
the total farm output and the quantity consumed by the farmer B) It is an economic phenomenon in which an economy
and their family. experiences decreasing level of employment.
39. What significant change was implemented in India's New C) It is an economic phenomenon in which an economy
Economic Policy of 1991 to expand privatisation? experiences low level of employment in a relative term.
A) Centralising government control over key industries D) It is an economic phenomenon in which an economy
B) Increasing the number of industries reserved for public sector experiences growth while maintaining or decreasing its level of
control employment.
C) Reducing the list of industries reserved for public sector 09/12/2024Shift-2
control Answer: D
D) Establishing more Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs) across Jobless growth refers to a situation where an economy shows
various sectors progress in terms of GDP or output, but this growth does not
09/12/2024Shift-2 lead to corresponding increases in employment opportunities.
Answer: C It often raises concerns about inclusivity and equitable
India's New Economic Policy of 1991 marked a significant shift distribution of economic benefits.
towards privatization by reducing the number of industries 42. Which of the following issues has been faced by India since
exclusively reserved for public sector control. This change independence?
aimed to encourage private sector participation, enhance A) Poverty B) Globalisation
efficiency, and foster competition in various sectors of the C) Literacy D) Agriculture productivity
economy. 09/12/2024Shift-2
40. In which of the following ways can the utility be expressed Answer: A
in cardinal utility analysis? Since independence, poverty has been one of the major issues
A) In quality B) In numbers faced by India. Despite significant economic growth, a large
C) In rank D) In order portion of the population continues to live in poverty, especially

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in rural areas. Other issues like literacy, agriculture If historical data were to contradict the Capital Asset Pricing
productivity, and globalization have also been important, but Model (CAPM), it would suggest that the Efficient Market
poverty has remained a persistent challenge in India. Hypothesis (EMH) does not hold true, implying that the market
43. How do rural development programmes like the Self-Help is inefficient. This is because EMH asserts that market prices
Group (SHG) initiative contribute to gender equality in rural fully reflect all available information, and if CAPM—a model
India? based on EMH—fails when tested against historical data, it
A) Solely by improving agricultural productivity indicates inefficiencies or information anomalies in the market.
B) Primarily through educational programmes 45. Which of the following statements is NOT correct about
[Link]

C) By enhancing women's access to finance, leadership roles ‘Globalisation’?

and decision-making A) It helps to create borderless world
D) By providing women with employment opportunities only B) It encourages flows of investment, people and information
09/12/2024Shift-2 C) It helps in alleviating problems and increased sustainable
Answer: C development benefits
Rural development programs like the Self-Help Group (SHG) D) It is the process of interaction and integration among people
initiative contribute to gender equality by empowering women. 09/12/2024Shift-3
They provide women with access to financial resources, help Answer: C
develop leadership skills, and encourage their participation in While globalisation promotes interaction and integration
decision-making processes, both within their households and among countries, encourages investment, and creates a
communities. This helps enhance their socio-economic status borderless world, it does not necessarily guarantee the
and promotes gender equality in rural areas. alleviation of problems or the increase of sustainable
44. The efficient market hypothesis (EMH) is foundational to development benefits. In fact, globalisation can sometimes
the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). To test the validity of exacerbate issues such as inequality, environmental
the EMH, one can examine whether historical data contradicts degradation, and social disparities, depending on how it is
CAPM. If historical data were to contradict CAPM, which of the managed. Therefore, the statement that globalisation helps in
following would this imply about the efficient market alleviating problems and increasing sustainable development
hypothesis? benefits is not universally true.
A) It would imply that the market is always efficient. 46. Which of the following is NOT one of the recent initiatives
B) It would imply that the market is inefficient. of the Government of India to generate opportunities of
C) It would imply that the historical data is irrelevant to market employment?
efficiency. A) Start Up India B) Skill India
D) It would imply that CAPM is infallible. C) Make in India D) Unicorn India
09/12/2024Shift-3 09/12/2024Shift-3
Answer: B Answer: D

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"Unicorn India" is not a government initiative. The term A) 1982 B) 1991

"unicorn" refers to startups valued at over $1 billion, but it is C) 1975 D) 1980
not a specific program or initiative by the Government of India. 12/12/2024 Shift-1
On the other hand, Start Up India, Skill India, and Make in India Answer: C
are government initiatives aimed at generating employment The first Regional Rural Bank (RRB) in India was established in
opportunities, fostering entrepreneurship, and enhancing 1975 under the Regional Rural Banks Act, 1976. It was set up
skills. to provide credit and other banking facilities to rural areas,
47. Which government programme in India aims at eradicating especially for farmers, small entrepreneurs, and other rural
[Link]

poverty through employment generation in rural areas? individuals who did not have access to formal banking systems.
A) Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 50. What is the major rationale of the Government of India to
(MGNREGA) set up the Agricultural Prices Commission?
B) National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) A) To determine the prices of seeds supplied by the government
C) National Food Security Act (NFSA) B) To determine the prices of agricultural goods procured from
D) Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY) farmers
09/12/2024Shift-3 C) To determine the prices of agricultural goods sold in the
Answer: A market
MGNREGA aims at providing employment opportunities in rural D) To determine the prices of agricultural goods sold by the
areas to eradicate poverty through the creation of durable assets government
and improving the livelihood security of rural households. 12/12/2024 Shift-1
48. Which of the following is the Keynesian approach to the Answer: B
degree of wage and price flexibility in the labour market? The Agricultural Prices Commission (now known as the
A) Wages are flexible but prices are sticky. Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices - CACP) was set
B) Wages and prices are fully flexible. up by the Government of India to recommend prices for various
C) Wages and prices are sticky. agricultural products. The commission’s primary role is to
D) Wages are sticky but prices are flexible. determine the Minimum Support Prices (MSP) for crops,
12/12/2024 Shift-1 ensuring that farmers get a fair price for their produce and
Answer: C providing a safety net for agricultural income.
The Keynesian approach emphasizes that both wages and prices 51. Which of the following is involved in the process of
are sticky, meaning they do not adjust quickly to changes in privatisation?
demand or supply. This rigidity can lead to short-term A) Increasing government control over the enterprise
imbalances in the economy, such as unemployment or excess B) Nationalising private companies
supply. Keynesians argue that this stickiness justifies the need C) Abolishing private property rights
for active government intervention to stabilize the economy. D) Selling shares to the public through an initial public offering
49. In which year was the first Regional Rural Bank established? (IPO)

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12/12/2024 Shift-1 straightforward way to assess the extent of poverty in the

Answer: D country.
Privatisation typically involves transferring ownership of state- 54. _________ is the just distribution of resources in which every
owned enterprises to the private sector. One common method Indian should be able to meet his/her basic needs and inequality
is selling shares to the public through an Initial Public Offering in the distribution of wealth should be reduced.
(IPO), allowing private investors to buy shares in formerly A) Equality B) Equity
government-owned companies. This reduces government C) Inclusion D) Egalitarianism
control and increases private sector participation. 12/12/2024 Shift-2
[Link]

52. Which of following is NOT a measure to improve Answer: B

agricultural marketing? Equity refers to the fair and just distribution of resources to
A) Providing fair price for farmer produce ensure that every individual can meet their basic needs. It
B) Manupulation by big traders emphasizes reducing inequalities in wealth, opportunities, and
C) Better infrastructural facilities access, tailoring resources and support to those who need them
D) Regulated markets to protect farmer from malpractice most to achieve an equitable society.
12/12/2024 Shift-1 55. Which of the following is the definition of Globalisation?
Answer: B A) Globalisation is an outcome of industrial policies that aim to
Manipulation by big traders is not a measure to improve transform the world towards greater interdependence and
agricultural marketing. In fact, it is a negative factor that harms integration.
farmers by exploiting them and affecting the fairness of the B) Globalisation is an outcome of trading policies that aim to
market. The other options—providing fair prices, better transform the world towards greater interdependence and
infrastructure, and regulated markets—are all positive measures integration.
aimed at improving agricultural marketing and protecting C) Globalisation is an outcome of a set of various policies aimed
farmers' interests. at transforming the world towards greater interdependence and
53. Which of the following methods is used for the estimation integration.
of poverty in India? D) Globalisation is an outcome of agricultural policies that aim
A) Relative Poverty to transform the world towards greater interdependence and
B) Multidimensional Poverty Index integration.
C) Head Count Ratio 12/12/2024 Shift-2
D) Absolute Poverty Answer: C
12/12/2024 Shift-2 Globalisation refers to the process by which countries and
Answer: C societies around the world become increasingly interconnected
In India, the Head Count Ratio (HCR) is commonly used for and interdependent across economic, social, cultural, and
poverty estimation. It measures the proportion of the political dimensions. It results from a variety of policies, such
population living below the poverty line, providing a

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as liberalization of trade, advancements in technology, and the *White Revolution - Milk

free movement of goods, services, and people. *Green Revolution - Foodgrain production
56. How do microfinance institutions (MFIs) contribute to *Yellow Revolution - Oilseeds
financial inclusion in remote rural areas of India? 58. How are environmental defensive expenditures classified at
A) By relying solely on digital banking platforms for loan the aggregate level in national accounting?
disbursement A) Final consumption expenditures
B) By offering standardised loan products similar to traditional B) Intermediate consumption
banks C) Capital expenditures
[Link]

C) By focusing exclusively on urban micro-enterprises D) Investment expenditures

D) By establishing partnerships with local non-governmental 12/12/2024 Shift-3
organisations (NGOs) for outreach Answer: B
12/12/2024 Shift-2 Environmental defensive expenditures are considered
Answer: D intermediate consumption at the aggregate level in national
Microfinance institutions (MFIs) play a crucial role in accounting. These expenditures refer to the costs incurred to
promoting financial inclusion in remote rural areas by mitigate the impact of environmental degradation, such as
collaborating with local NGOs. These partnerships enhance pollution control measures, waste management, or resource
outreach, improve community engagement, and ensure that conservation efforts.
financial services, such as microloans and savings programs, are 59. Which of the following is NOT one of the broad objectives
tailored to the unique needs of rural populations. This approach of NITI Aayog?
bridges the gap between formal financial institutions and A) To promote initiatives like Make in India, Skill India, Startup
underserved communities. India, Standup India, etc.
57. Which of the following colour revolutions is NOT correctly B) To evolve a shared vision of national development priorities,
matched with its associated agricultural sector's significant sectors and strategies with the active involvement of the states
increase in production in India since Independence? in the light of national objectives
A) Blue revolution - Fruits and vegetables C) To develop mechanisms to formulate credible plans at the
B) White revolution - Milk village level and aggregate these progressively at higher levels
C) Green revolution - Foodgrain production D) To design strategic and long-term policy and programme
D) Yellow revolution - Oilseeds frameworks and initiatives, and monitor their progress and their
12/12/2024 Shift-2 efficacy
Answer: A 12/12/2024 Shift-3
The Blue Revolution in India is primarily associated with the Answer: A
increase in fish production and not fruits and vegetables. The A) To promote initiatives like Make in India, Skill India, Startup
other color revolutions are correctly matched with their India, Standup India, etc.
respective sectors:

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Promoting initiatives like Make in India, Skill India, Startup issuing government bonds, borrowing from banks, and
India, and Standup India is part of the government's broader obtaining loans from foreign institutions. This is the most
economic policy and not specifically one of the objectives of common way to cover the gap between the government's
NITI Aayog. expenditure and revenue. While other measures, such as
NITI Aayog's broad objectives include: increasing taxes or reducing subsidies, may help manage the
 Evolving a shared vision of national development fiscal deficit, borrowing remains the primary method for
priorities and strategies with the active involvement of financing it.
states (Option B). 62. In reference to air transport of India, what is the full form
[Link]

 Formulating credible plans at the village level and of AERA?

aggregating them at higher levels (Option C). A) Airports Economic Regulatory Authority of India
 Designing long-term strategic policies and frameworks B) Agriculture Economic Regulatory Authority
and monitoring their progress (Option D). C) Agriculture Economic Regulatory Authority of India
60. Which of the following periods was considered as the D) Aviation Economic Regulatory Authority of India
second phase of the Green Revolution in India? 12/12/2024 Shift-3
A) Mid-1960s to mid-1970s B) 1970s to 1980s Answer: A
C) 1960s to 1970s D) Mid-1970s to mid- AERA stands for the Airports Economic Regulatory Authority of
1980s India, which is responsible for regulating the tariffs and the
12/12/2024 Shift-3 performance standards of airports in India, ensuring that the
Answer: D pricing for services remains fair and competitive.
The second phase of the Green Revolution in India occurred 63. What is the primary function of development banks in the
during the mid-1970s to mid-1980s. This phase was marked by context of India's industrial growth?
the widespread adoption of high-yielding variety (HYV) seeds, A) They serve as regulatory bodies to enforce industrial
increased use of fertilizers, and improved irrigation facilities. It standards.
aimed to enhance agricultural productivity and ensure food B) Development banks provide long-term financing and support
security across the country. for industrial projects and infrastructure development.
61. How does the Indian Government finance its fiscal deficit? C) They are involved only in short-term consumer lending.
A) By increasing taxes on essential goods D) Their sole function is to manage the country's foreign
B) By printing more currency exchange reserves.
C) By borrowing from domestic and international sources 12/12/2024 Shift-3
D) By reducing subsidies Answer: B
12/12/2024 Shift-3 In India, development banks play a key role in the industrial
Answer: C growth by offering long-term financial support to industries,
The Indian government finances its fiscal deficit primarily by especially in sectors like infrastructure, manufacturing, and
borrowing from domestic and international sources, including other capital-intensive industries. They help promote economic

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development by providing the necessary funds for industrial A) C = ͞C − cYD B) C = ͞C ⨯ cYD

projects and infrastructure development. C) C = ͞C + cYD D) C = ͞C / cYD
64. Industrial Policy Resolution, 1956 was adopted in which of 13/12/2024 Shift-1
the following five-year plans? Answer: C
A) 1 Five-Year Plan B) 4 Five-Year Plan In the consumption function:
C) 3 Five-Year Plan D) 2 Five-Year Plan  C represents total consumption.
12/12/2024 Shift-3  ͞C is the autonomous consumption, which is the
Answer: D consumption expenditure that occurs even when
[Link]

The Industrial Policy Resolution (IPR) of 1956 was adopted income is zero.
during the Second Five-Year Plan. This policy emphasized the  c is the marginal propensity to consume (MPC),
development of heavy industries and aimed to increase the role representing the fraction of additional income spent
of the public sector in the industrialization of India. on consumption.
65. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT with  YD is disposable income.
respect to the India’s Tax Reforms Committee (TRC), 1991? The formula shows that total consumption is the sum of
A) The TRC suggested a moderate flat tax rate on long term autonomous consumption and the portion of disposable income
capital gains after due indexation for inflation. spent on consumption.
B) The TRC suggested aggregation of minor’s income, other 67. Which of the following is a secondary function of the
than wage income, with the income of the parents. commercial banks?
C) The committee recommended the abolition of tax A) Performing agency functions
concessions, rebates and allowances, under various incentives B) Opening fixed deposits
for saving schemes. C) Advancing loans
D) The committee suggested a phased reduction of the D) Opening of current account deposits
corporate tax to 10% and continuation of surcharge on 13/12/2024 Shift-1
corporate tax. Answer: A
13/12/2024 Shift-1 A secondary function of commercial banks refers to the various
Answer: D additional services they provide apart from their primary
This statement is incorrect because the Tax Reforms Committee function of accepting deposits and lending loans. Performing
(TRC), 1991, did not recommend reducing the corporate tax agency functions includes services such as collecting and
rate to 10%. Instead, it suggested rationalizing and reducing clearing cheques, acting as an agent for government
corporate tax rates to make them more competitive, but not as transactions (e.g., tax payments), and providing services like
low as 10%. The TRC aimed to simplify the tax structure and standing instructions or facilitating transfers.
improve compliance. The other options — opening fixed deposits, advancing loans,
66. Which of the following is the formula for the consumption and opening current accounts — are considered primary
function? functions of commercial banks.

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68. The portion of agricultural produce, which is sold in the B) Decrease in agricultural productivity due to the diversion of
market by farmers, is called ________. resources
A) product surplus B) wage surplus C) Enhanced agricultural productivity through better irrigation,
C) marketed surplus D) gross surplus storage and transport facilities
13/12/2024 Shift-1 D) Increased urban migration due to improved rural
Answer: C infrastructure
Marketed surplus refers to the portion of agricultural produce 13/12/2024 Shift-1
that farmers sell in the market after meeting their own Answer: C
[Link]

consumption needs and other requirements, such as seed Rural infrastructure development directly impacts the
storage or animal feed. It plays a crucial role in determining agricultural sector by improving facilities like irrigation,
food availability and pricing in the broader economy. storage, and transport. This leads to enhanced agricultural
69. What is the main objective of Financial Inclusion? productivity, as farmers can access better resources, store their
A) To extend digital banking services to the population of the produce efficiently, and transport goods to markets more easily.
country. 71. When was the Disinvestment Commission established in
B) To extend financial services at reasonable cost to the large India?
hitherto unserved population of the country. A) 1994 B) 1991
C) To focus on opening of an account in a Nationalised Bank. C) 1996 D) 1998
D) To add every person in the country as part of the National 13/12/2024 Shift-2
Mission for Financial Inclusion. Answer: C
13/12/2024 Shift-1 The Disinvestment Commission was established in 1996 under
Answer: B the Ministry of Industries. Its mandate was to assess the
The second phase of the Green Revolution in India occurred viability of public sector enterprises and advise the government
from the 1970s to 1980s. During this period, the Green on disinvestment strategies.
Revolution technology, including high-yielding variety seeds, 72. As per World Bank observation, rising rural wages and
chemical fertilizers, and modern irrigation techniques, spread falling food prices brought about by agricultural intensification
to more regions, especially to areas beyond the initial focus on in the _____ and _______ helped to alleviate rural poverty in
wheat in Punjab, Haryana, and Uttar Pradesh. This phase saw India.
increased production of rice, maize, and other crops, A) 1960s; 1970s B) 1950s; 1960s
contributing to India's overall food security. C) 1940s; 1950s D) 1970s; 1980s
70. Which of the following is a direct impact of rural 13/12/2024 Shift-2
infrastructure development on the agricultural sector? Answer: A
A) Rural infrastructure development has no significant impact According to the World Bank, rising rural wages and falling food
on agriculture prices, brought about by agricultural intensification, played a
crucial role in alleviating rural poverty in India during the

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1960s and 1970s. This period saw the Green Revolution, which 75. ____________ is the total value of goods and services
led to higher agricultural productivity, particularly in wheat and produced in a country in addition to the income from abroad.
rice, and helped improve the standard of living in rural areas. A) National Product/National Income
73. Which plan sets targets to cover all major aspects of the B) Average Product Income
economy? C) Gross Domestic Product
A) Comprehensive plan B) Partial plan D) Net National Value
C) Global plan D) Imperative plan 13/12/2024 Shift-2
13/12/2024 Shift-2 Answer: A
[Link]

Answer: A National Product (or National Income) is the total value of

A comprehensive plan is designed to set targets encompassing goods and services produced in a country, along with the
all major aspects of the economy. It provides a holistic approach income received from abroad. This includes the income earned
to development by integrating various sectors like agriculture, by residents from overseas investments and remittances. This
industry, infrastructure, and social welfare, ensuring balanced is a broader measure compared to Gross Domestic Product
and inclusive economic progress. (GDP), as it accounts for income from abroad.
74. In the context of rural development, what is a critical 76. Who among the following was the first person to discuss
challenge associated with traditional rural credit systems in the concept of the poverty line in pre-independent India?
India? A) Balgangadhar Tilak
A) Formal banking institutions entirely replace informal B) Annie Bessant
lenders, eliminating local financial practices C) Surendranath Banerjee
B) They provide too much credit to rural households, leading to D) Dadabhai Naoroji
inflation 13/12/2024 Shift-2
C) High reliance on informal sources leads to exploitative Answer: D
interest rates and debt traps for farmers Dadabhai Naoroji was the first person to discuss the concept of
D) Interest rates are uniformly low, discouraging savings the poverty line in pre-independent India. He referred to it as
13/12/2024 Shift-2 the "Drain of Wealth" and highlighted how colonial policies
Answer: C were causing widespread poverty in India.
A critical challenge of traditional rural credit systems in India 77. What is the primary role of the National Bank for
is the high reliance on informal sources of credit, such as Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) in the Indian
moneylenders. These informal lenders often charge exploitative economy?
interest rates, which can lead to debt traps for farmers and rural A) Providing microloans to urban enterprises
households. This results in a cycle of borrowing and repayment B) Managing India's foreign exchange
that can be very difficult to escape, making it harder for rural C) Direct lending to industrial projects
populations to achieve financial stability. D) Financing rural infrastructure and supporting agricultural
development

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13/12/2024 Shift-2 C) 1948 D) 1981

Answer: D 13/12/2024 Shift-3
NABARD plays a key role in promoting sustainable rural Answer: A
development by providing financial support for agricultural and The World Trade Organization (WTO) was established in 1995
rural infrastructure, as well as supporting the growth of rural as the successor to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
enterprises. (GATT). The WTO took over GATT's role in regulating
78. Which of the following is Disinvestment? international trade, providing a more comprehensive framework
A) Liberalisation of the private sector undertakings by selling for trade agreements and dispute resolution
[Link]

off the part of the equity of PSUs to the public is known as 80. What is the correct definition of ‘head count ratio’?
disinvestment. A) The number of the people below the poverty line
B) Globalisation of the public sector undertakings by selling off B) The proportion of population below the poverty line
the part of the equity of PSUs to the public is known as C) The proportion of the poorest people in the country
disinvestment. D) The proportion of the marginal poor in the economy
C) Liberalisation of the public sector undertakings by selling off 13/12/2024 Shift-3
the part of the equity of PSUs to the public is known as Answer: B
disinvestment. Head count ratio is a widely used measure of poverty. It
D) Privatisation of the public sector undertakings by selling off represents the percentage of the population living below the
the part of the equity of PSUs to the public is known as poverty line, indicating the extent of poverty in a particular
disinvestment. region or country.
13/12/2024 Shift-3 81. Which economic system has exclusive public ownership to
Answer: D the forces/means of production?
Disinvestment refers to the process where the government sells A) Totalitarianism B) Mixed economy
or divests a portion of its equity (ownership) in public sector C) Socialism D) Capitalism
undertakings (PSUs) to private entities or the public. It is often 13/12/2024 Shift-3
associated with privatisation, as it involves reducing Answer: C
government ownership and transferring it to private hands. In a socialist economic system, there is exclusive public
While the other options mention liberalisation or globalisation, ownership of the means of production, such as land, factories,
these terms are not directly synonymous with disinvestment. and resources. The government typically controls and regulates
Liberalisation refers to relaxing regulations, and globalisation the economy, aiming for equal distribution of wealth and
involves integrating with the global economy, but resources among the population. In contrast, capitalism
disinvestment specifically deals with the sale of equity in PSUs. emphasizes private ownership, and mixed economies combine
79. The successor organisation to the General Agreement on elements of both public and private ownership.
Trade and Tariff (GATT) was established in _________. 82. How does the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) utilise the repo
A) 1995 B) 1991 rate to control inflation?

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A) By decreasing the repo rate to encourage consumer spending B) It is a direct tool used by the RBI to control the money supply
B) By offering subsidies on loans for small and medium by setting interest rates.
enterprises C) It refers to the variation in the statutory liquidity ratio to
C) By increasing the repo rate to make borrowing more regulate the allocation of bank credit.
expensive for banks D) It involves the sale and purchase of government securities to
D) By increasing the supply of money in the economy influence the money supply.
13/12/2024 Shift-3 16/12/2024 Shift-1
Answer: C Answer: A
[Link]

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) uses the repo rate as a tool to Moral suasion is a strategy employed by the Reserve Bank of
control inflation. When the RBI increases the repo rate, it makes India (RBI) where it uses informal methods, such as persuasion
borrowing more expensive for banks. As a result, banks charge and subtle pressure, to encourage banks to adopt certain
higher interest rates on loans to consumers and businesses, practices or policies without making them mandatory. This is
which reduces the amount of money circulating in the economy aimed at influencing lending behavior and ensuring monetary
and helps control inflation. This tightening of monetary policy stability.
slows down consumer spending and investment, helping to curb 2. Match the following:
inflationary pressures. Column A Column B
83. Which of the following is NOT the function of Money? 1. marginal Efficiency of A. Spending on Consumer
A) Unit of account B) Medium of exchange Capital goods
C) Eradicate Poverty D) Store of Value 2. Autonomous B. Tendency for Employment
13/12/2024 Shift-3 Investment to fluctate

Answer: C 3. Consumption C. Expected rate of return on

Function investment
While money plays essential roles as a unit of account, medium
4. paradox of Thrift D. investment independent of
of exchange, and store of value, it is not a direct function of
income
money to eradicate poverty. Eradicating poverty involves
5. Cyclical E. increased saving reduces
broader economic, social, and political actions, such as
unemployment total demand
improving access to resources, education, and healthcare,
which go beyond the functions of money itself.
A) 1 - C, 2 - D, 3 - A, 4 - E, 5 - B
RRB JE 2024 B) 1 - E, 2 - D, 3 - A, 4 - C, 5 - B
C) 1 - B, 2 - D, 3 - A, 4 - E, 5 - C
1. Which of the following statements accurately describes the
D) 1 - A, 2 - D, 3 - C, 4 - E, 5 - B
role of moral suasion in controlling money?
16/12/2024 Shift-2
A) It is a combination of persuasion and pressure used by the
Answer: A
RBI to influence banks' lending behaviour.
Here's the explanation for the match:

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*Marginal Efficiency of Capital (C): It refers to the expected rate maintaining railway networks is so high that it is inefficient to
of return on investment. have multiple providers.
*Autonomous Investment (D): This is investment independent 5. What is the primary reason for a central bank to increase the
of income, driven by factors like innovation or government reserve requirement ratio of commercial banks?
policy. A) To decrease the money supply in the economy
*Consumption Function (A): It depicts spending on consumer B) To increase the money supply in the economy
goods as a function of income. C) To decrease the profitability of commercial banks
*Paradox of Thrift (E): This concept states that increased saving D) To encourage banks to lend more
[Link]

reduces total demand, potentially slowing down the economy. 17/12/2024 Shift-2
*Cyclical Unemployment (B): It refers to the tendency for Answer: A
employment to fluctuate with economic cycles. When a central bank increases the reserve requirement ratio,
3. Which of the following are the 6 accounts that have a role in commercial banks are required to hold a larger portion of their
the economic classification of the budget? deposits as reserves and cannot lend that amount. This reduces
A) Accounts A to F: Transaction in goods, services, and capital the overall money supply in the economy, which can help
B) Accounts I to VI: Transaction in commodities, revenue, and control inflation and ensure monetary stability.
capital 6. Which status was conferred upon Shipping Corporation of
C) Accounts X to XV: Transaction in current and capital assets India (SCI) by the Government of India in August 2008?
D) Accounts 1 to 6: Transaction in commodities and services A) Navratna B) Miniratna
and transfers C) Maharatna D) Dashratna
16/12/2024 Shift-3 17/12/2024 Shift-2
Answer: D Answer: A
In the economic classification of the budget, the transactions In August 2008, the Government of India conferred the
are categorized into six accounts that help in detailing the Navratna status upon the Shipping Corporation of India (SCI).
government's revenue and expenditure, covering areas such as This status granted SCI greater autonomy and enhanced
commodities, services, and transfers. decision-making powers, particularly in areas like capital
4. Which of the following is an example of a natural monopoly? investment, joint ventures, and expansion initiatives.
A) Bookshop B) Railways 7. At which of the following points does each firm employ
C) Apple store in delhi D) Malls labour?
17/12/2024 Shift-1 A) Each firm employs labour up to the point where the marginal
Answer: B revenue product of labour multiplies the wage rate.
A natural monopoly occurs when a single supplier can serve the B) Each firm employs labour up to the point where the marginal
entire market more efficiently due to high infrastructure costs cost of labour equals the wage rate.
or economies of scale, making competition impractical. C) Each firm employs labour up to the point where the marginal
Railways are a prime example because the cost of building and revenue product of labour minus the wage rate.

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D) Each firm employs labour up to the point where the marginal quality of life through access to contraception, education, and
revenue product of labour equals the wage rate. reproductive healthcare.
17/12/2024 Shift-3 10. Which of the following kinds of demand exists in the
Answer: D monopolistic competition for the product of an individual firm?
Firms make hiring decisions based on this principle to maximize A) Perfectly inelastic B) Relatively elastic
profits. The marginal revenue product of labour (MRP) C) Relatively inelastic D) Perfectly elastic
represents the additional revenue generated by employing one 18/12/2024 Shift-3
more unit of labour. When the MRP equals the wage rate, the Answer: B
[Link]

firm achieves the optimal balance, as hiring additional workers This is because there are many substitutes available in a
beyond this point would result in costs exceeding the revenue monopolistically competitive market. While each firm has some
they generate. degree of market power due to product differentiation,
8. With which of the following pricing approaches is a product's consumers can easily switch to similar products if the price of a
price equal to its marginal cost? particular firm's product increases. Hence, the demand is
A) Mark-up pricing B) Factor pricing relatively elastic.
C) Marginal cost pricing D) Price discrimination
18/12/2024 Shift-1
Technician Grade -I
Answer: C 1. The estimated rate of unemployment for the year 2018–19
Marginal cost pricing is a pricing strategy where a product's in urban areas was _______%.
price is set equal to its marginal cost—the cost of producing one 1. 7.7
additional unit of the product. This approach is often used to 2. 5.2
maximize efficiency in resource allocation and is commonly 3. 6.8
applied in industries with significant fixed costs or in cases of 4. 9
surplus production. 19/12/2024 Shift-1
9. What does Family Planning aim at? Answer: 1
A) Preventing all pregnancies by recommending abortion As per the Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) for 2018–19,
B) Population growth the unemployment rate in urban areas for persons aged 15 years
C) Population control and above was estimated to be 7.7%.
D) Increasing pollution 2. What was the unemployment rate (UR) in urban areas as of
18/12/2024 Shift-3 January – March 2024 for persons of age 15 years and above?
Answer: C 1. 67.18%
Family planning primarily aims at controlling population 2. 6.7%
growth by allowing individuals and couples to plan and space 3. 48.35%
pregnancies according to their preferences. It helps improve 4. 53.25%
maternal and child health, reduce poverty, and enhance overall 19/12/2024 Shift-1

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Answer: 2 5. What is the estimated worth of the National Monetization

As per the Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) for January– Pipeline unveiled by the Government of India in September
March 2024, the unemployment rate in urban areas for persons 2021?
aged 15 years and above was reported to be 6.7%. 1. ₹3 lakh crore
3. Choose the correct statement related to government 2. ₹10 lakh crore
expenditure. 3. ₹6 lakh crore
1. Revenue expenditure directly contributes to GDP growth. 4. ₹15 lakh crore
2. Revenue expenditure impacts assets liability of the 19/12/2024 Shift-3
[Link]

government. Answer: 3
3. Revenue expenditure does not impact assets liability of the The estimated worth of the National Monetization Pipeline
government. (NMP) unveiled by the Government of India in September 2021
4. Capital expenditure directly contributes to GDP growth. is ₹6 lakh crore.
19/12/2024 Shift-1 So, the correct answer is 3. ₹6 lakh crore.
Answer: 4
Capital expenditure involves spending by the government on
Technician Grade-III
creating assets such as infrastructure, buildings, and machinery, 1. How many key priorities are outlined in the Union Budget
which directly contribute to economic growth and GDP. On the 2024-25 to achieve the objective of 'Viksit Bharat'?
other hand, revenue expenditure does not typically create long- A) Eight B) Ten
term assets and is used for operational expenses like salaries, C) Seven D) Nine
subsidies, and interest payments. Revenue expenditure 20/12/2024 Shift-3
generally does not impact the assets liability of the government. Answer: D
4. In the interim budget of the union government, what budget The Union Budget 2024-25 outlines nine key priorities to
has been allocated for Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan for the achieve the objective of 'Viksit Bharat.' So, the correct answer
Financial Year 2024-25? is D) Nine.
1. ₹47,500 crore 2. Under 'PM Vishwakarma Yojana' benefits 2024 a loan of ₹
2. ₹53,500 crore ________ is given at 5% interest.
3. ₹40,200 crore A) 2,00,000 B) 4,00,000
4. ₹37,500 crore C) 5,00,000 D) 3,00,000
19/12/2024 Shift-2 23/12/2024 Shift-3
Answer: 4 Answer: D
In the interim budget for the financial year 2024-25, the Under the 'PM Vishwakarma Yojana' benefits 2024, a loan of
Government of India allocated ₹37,500 crore to the Samagra ₹3,00,000 is provided at an interest rate of 5%. So, the correct
Shiksha Abhiyan. answer is D) ₹3,00,000.
Therefore, the correct answer is 4. ₹37,500 crore.

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3. According to the Statistical Appendix of the Economic Survey C) Four D) Two

2023-24, what was India's Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) in 26/12/2024 Shift-2
2020? Answer: D
A) 28 per 1000 live births The Union Cabinet has merged all centrally sponsored schemes
B) 30 per 1000 live births for the agriculture sector into two umbrella schemes — the
C) 42 per 1000 live births Pradhan Mantri Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (PMRKVY) and
D) 34 per 1000 live births the Krishonnati Yojana (KY). The aim is to avoid duplication
23/12/2024 Shift-3 and ensure convergence.
[Link]

Answer: A 7. In July 2024, which organisation published the SDG India

According to the Statistical Appendix of the Economic Survey Index 2023-24 report?
2023-24, India's Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) in 2020 was 28 A) The Energy and Resources Institute
per 1000 live births. So, the correct answer is A) 28 per 1000 B) Tropical Forest Research Institute
live births. C) Greenpeace India
4. What is the overall Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) D) NITI Aayog
score for India for the year 2023-24 as reported by NITI Aayog? 26/12/2024 Shift-2
A) 71 B) 75 Answer: D
C) 65 D) 80 The SDG India Index 2023-24 report was published by NITI
23/12/2024 Shift-3 Aayog in July 2024. So, the correct answer is D) NITI Aayog.
Answer: A 8. What is the budget allocation for the Pradhan Mantri
India's overall Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) score for Vishwakarma Yojana (PM Vishwakarma Scheme) for the period
the year 2023-24, as reported by NITI Aayog, is 71. So, the from 2023-24 to 2027-28?
correct answer is A) 71. A) ₹16,000 crore B) ₹15,000 crore
5. In its October 2024 meeting, the RBI Monetary Policy C) ₹13,000 crore D) ₹14,000 crore
Meeting kept the _____ unchanged at 6.5%. 27/12/2024 Shift-1
A) cash reserve ratio B) bank rate Answer: C
C) statutory liquidity ratio D) repo rate The budget allocation for the Pradhan Mantri Vishwakarma
23/12/2024 Shift-3 Yojana (PM Vishwakarma Scheme) for the period from 2023-
Answer: D 24 to 2027-28 is ₹13,000 crore. So, the correct answer is C)
In the October 2024 meeting, the RBI Monetary Policy ₹13,000 crore.
Committee kept the repo rate unchanged at 6.5%. 9. The Union Budget 2024-25 introduced the Prime Minister’s
6. On 3 October 2024, the Union Cabinet decided to merge all package, comprising how many schemes and initiatives, aimed
Central schemes in the agriculture sector into how many new at providing employment, skilling, and other opportunities to
schemes? 4.1 crore youth over a five-year period?
A) Five B) Three A) Five B) Four

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C) Six D) Three The Union Budget 2024-25 outlined nine priority areas, but
27/12/2024 Shift-2 Sustainable development of fisheries was not one of them. The
Answer: A correct answer is B) Sustainable development of fisheries.
The Union Budget 2024-25 introduced the Prime Minister’s 13. Which of the following is NOT a role played by NITI Aayog
package comprising five schemes and initiatives, aimed at in the localisation of SDGs in India?
providing employment, skilling, and other opportunities to 4.1 A) Serving as a platform for collaboration among states
crore youth over a five-year period. So, the correct answer is A) B) Fostering competitive federalism among states and UTs
Five. C) Preparing the National Indicator Framework (NIF)
[Link]

10. Who is the author of INDIA'S ECONOMY 2024: Disparities D) Benchmarking states based on SDG performance metrics
in Fractured Democracy? 29/12/2024 Shift-1
A) Kingshuk Nag B) Satyaki Roy Answer: C
C) Sanjaya Baru D) Milan Vaishnav The National Indicator Framework (NIF) is prepared by the
28/12/2024 Shift-1 Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI),
Answer: B not NITI Aayog. NITI Aayog plays roles such as fostering
The author of INDIA'S ECONOMY 2024: Disparities in competitive federalism, serving as a platform for collaboration
Fractured Democracy is Satyaki Roy. So, the correct answer is among states, and benchmarking states based on SDG
B) Satyaki Roy. performance metrics.
11. As per the SDG India Index 2023-24 prepared by NITI 14. The Finance Minister, in the Union Budget 2024-25,
Aayog, what is India's composite score? announced the increased loan limit to ₹20 lakhs from the
A) 60 B) 65 existing ₹10 lakhs of which of the following schemes?
C) 95 D) 71 A) Stand-Up India Scheme
28/12/2024 Shift-1 B) Credit Guarantee Fund Trust for Micro and Small Enterprises
Answer: D (CGTMSE)
India's composite score in the SDG India Index 2023-24, C) Prime Minister’s Employment Generation Programme
prepared by NITI Aayog, is 71. So, the correct answer is D) 71. (PMEGP)
12. Which of the following was NOT one of the nine priority D) Pradhan Mantri MUDRA Yojana (PMMY)
areas of Union Budget 2024-25, aimed at generating ample 29/12/2024 Shift-3
opportunities for all? Answer: D
A) Employment and skilling The Finance Minister, in the Union Budget 2024-25,
B) Sustainable development of fisheries announced an increase in the loan limit under the Pradhan
C) Energy security Mantri MUDRA Yojana (PMMY) from ₹10 lakhs to ₹20 lakhs2.
D) Manufacturing and services So, the correct answer is D) Pradhan Mantri MUDRA Yojana
28/12/2024 Shift-3 (PMMY).
Answer: B

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15. What was India’s rank in the 2024 Global Hunger Index forms of unemployment because it requires workers to either
(GHI), a tool used to measure and track hunger at the global, retrain or acquire new skills to match the evolving job market.
regional and national levels? 3. What is one effect of liberalisation in the industrial sector?
A) 105 B) 119 A) Fewer job opportunities
C) 111 D) 110 B) Higher import taxes
30/12/2024 Shift-3 C) Complete government control
Answer: A D) Increased competition
India ranked 105th out of 127 countries in the 2024 Global 02/03/2025 Shift-1
[Link]

Hunger Index (GHI), with a score of 27.3, indicating a "serious" Answer: D

level of hunger2. So, the correct answer is A) 105. One of the key effects of liberalisation in the industrial sector
is increased competition. Liberalisation, which began in India
RPF Constable 2025 in 1991, involved reducing government controls, opening up
1. The Development of Women and Children in Rural Areas the economy to foreign investment, and reducing trade barriers.
(DWCRA) program was launched in the year __________. This led to more competition, both from domestic and
A) 1985 B) 1981 international companies, which in turn spurred innovation,
C) 1982 D) 1980 improved efficiency, and helped improve the quality of goods
02/03/2025 Shift-1 and services in the industrial sector.
Answer: C 4. Which Finance Minister in 1991 initiated a series of reforms
The Development of Women and Children in Rural Areas that freed up the Indian economy and put the country on a
(DWCRA) program was introduced in 1982 as a sub-scheme of strong growth path?
the Integrated Rural Development Program (IRDP). It aimed to A) P Chidambaram B) Chandra Shekhar
empower rural women by providing them with opportunities for C) Yashwant Sinha D) Manmohan Singh
self-employment and improving their socio-economic status. 02/03/2025 Shift-1
2. Which type of unemployment occurs when there is a Answer: D
mismatch between skills and job requirements? Dr. Manmohan Singh, as the Finance Minister in 1991, initiated
A) Cyclical B) Seasonal a series of economic reforms in India, commonly known as the
C) Structural D) Frictional "1991 Economic Reforms." These reforms liberalized the
02/03/2025 Shift-1 economy, reduced trade barriers, devalued the rupee, and
Answer: C introduced measures to promote foreign investment, which
Structural unemployment occurs when there is a mismatch played a crucial role in India's economic growth and
between the skills of workers and the requirements of available modernization.
jobs. This type of unemployment happens due to technological 5. Which agency in India is responsible for formulating the Five
changes, shifts in industry demand, or other structural changes Year Plans?
in the economy. It is often longer-term compared to other A) Reserve Bank of India

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B) Ministry of Finance shelter, and clothing. It is a measure of poverty based on a fixed

C) Planning Commission (up to 2014) minimum standard of living, irrespective of societal context.
D) National Development Council 8. At the time of Independence, what was the major
02/03/2025 Shift-1 characteristic of India's economy?
Answer: C A) Highly industrialised B) Fully developed
The Planning Commission was responsible for formulating and C) Predominantly agrarian D) Completely urbanised
overseeing the implementation of the Five-Year Plans in India 02/03/2025 Shift-2
until it was replaced by the NITI Aayog in 2015. The Planning Answer: C
[Link]

Commission worked on the country's development strategies At the time of Independence in 1947, India’s economy was
and allocation of resources across various sectors. predominantly agrarian, with the majority of the population
6. Which strategy, widely adopted in India's early economic relying on agriculture for their livelihood. The country was not
planning, aimed to reduce foreign dependence and was a highly industrialized, and urbanization was limited compared to
significant feature of industrial policy? rural areas.
A) Export Promotion B) Liberalisation 9. What is poverty?
C) Import Substitution D) Globalisation A) Having a large population
02/03/2025 Shift-2 B) Inability to fulfill basic needs like food, clothing and shelter
Answer: C C) Lack of employment opportunities
The strategy widely adopted in India's early economic planning, D) Lack of education
which aimed to reduce foreign dependence and was a significant 02/03/2025 Shift-2
feature of industrial policy, was: C) Import Substitution. Answer: B
This strategy focused on reducing reliance on imported goods Poverty is generally defined as the condition where individuals
by promoting domestic industries, particularly in or communities are unable to meet their basic needs for
manufacturing, to produce goods locally. It was a key aspect of survival, such as food, clothing, and shelter. It is often
India's economic policy post-independence, aiming to achieve associated with lack of income, limited access to education,
self-sufficiency. healthcare, and other essential resources.
7. Which type of poverty is generally considered as a result of 10. In 1971, the Small Farmers Development Agency (SFDA)
insufficient income? and Marginal Farmers and Agricultural Labourers (MFAL)
A) Situational poverty B) Urban poverty Agency were introduced on the recommendations of the
C) Absolute poverty D) Relative poverty ___________.
02/03/2025 Shift-2 A) All India Credit Review Committee
Answer: C B) Indian Institute of Local Self Governments
Absolute poverty refers to a condition where individuals do not C) All India Farmers Association
have enough income to meet their basic needs such as food, D) All India Kisan Sabha
02/03/2025 Shift-3

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Answer: A 02/03/2025 Shift-3

In 1971, the Small Farmers Development Agency (SFDA) and Answer: A
Marginal Farmers and Agricultural Labourers (MFAL) Agency Human development is a multifaceted concept supported by:
were introduced on the recommendations of the: A) All India *Equity – Ensuring fairness in opportunities for all individuals.
Credit Review Committee. *Sustainability – Promoting development that meets present
The committee recommended measures to enhance the welfare needs without compromising future generations.
of small and marginal farmers, which led to the creation of these *Productivity – Enhancing the ability of people to contribute
agencies to provide financial and developmental support to meaningfully to economic and social progress.
[Link]

them. *Empowerment – Enabling individuals to take control of their

11. Which sector(s) in India has/have benefited maximum from lives and decisions.
globalisation? 13. Which organisation regulates and monitors the stock
A) Mining market and defends the benefits of the investors by imposing
B) Agriculture certain rules and protocols?
C) Public sector enterprises A) IEX B) SEBI
D) Information technology C) RBI D) IRDA
02/03/2025 Shift-3 02/03/2025 Shift-3
Answer: D Answer: B
The Information Technology (IT) sector in India has benefited SEBI is the regulatory body responsible for monitoring and
the most from globalisation. With the liberalisation of the regulating the securities market in India. It works to protect the
economy post-1991, India's IT sector saw rapid growth due to interests of investors, ensure fair practices, and develop and
increased demand for IT services globally. Globalisation opened regulate the securities market through a set of rules and
up international markets, enabling Indian companies to provide protocols.
outsourced services such as software development, customer 14. Which sector is responsible for providing electricity in
support, and IT consulting. This sector has become one of the India?
key contributors to India's GDP, employment, and foreign A) Agriculture B) Power
exchange earnings. C) Mining D) Textile
12. The idea of human development is supported by the 02/03/2025 Shift-3
concepts of _____________________. Answer: B
1. Equity The power sector is responsible for generating, transmitting,
2. Sustainability and distributing electricity in India. It includes both
3. Productivity government and private entities involved in the production and
4. Empowerment supply of electricity to various sectors, including residential,
A) 1, 2, 3 and 4 B) 2 and 4 only commercial, and industrial users.
C) 1 and 3 only D) 1, 2 and 3 only 15. Rural non-farm employment includes jobs in:

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A) fishing The policy aims to reduce logistics costs from the current 13-
B) crop farming 14% of GDP and make them comparable to global standards,
C) industries like weaving, handicrafts and dairy thereby improving efficiency and competitiveness in the sector.
D) agriculture 18. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a set of 17
02/03/2025 Shift-3 goals to help organise and streamline development actions for
Answer: C greater achievement of human well-being, while leaving no one
Rural non-farm employment refers to jobs outside traditional behind by ______________.
crop farming and agriculture, such as in industries like weaving, A) 2035 B) 2033
[Link]

handicrafts, dairy, and other small-scale rural industries. These C) 2030 D) 2025
jobs provide additional income sources and contribute to rural 03/03/2025 Shift-1
development. Answer: C
16. Why is rural credit important for rural development in The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were adopted by the
India? United Nations in 2015, with a target to achieve them by 2030.
A) It supports urban migration. These 17 goals are aimed at addressing global challenges such
B) It reduces agricultural activities. as poverty, inequality, environmental sustainability, and peace,
C) It helps farmers and small businesses access funds for with the overarching principle of leaving no one behind.
production and development. 19. Which of the following best describes seasonal
D) It decreases industrial investment. unemployment?
02/03/2025 Shift-3 A) Unemployment during economic downturns
Answer: C B) Long-term unemployment
Rural credit is crucial for rural development in India because it C) Unemployment during certain seasons of the year
provides farmers and small businesses with the necessary funds D) Joblessness due to lack of skills
to invest in agricultural production, purchase inputs like seeds 03/03/2025 Shift-1
and fertilizers, and improve infrastructure. This financial Answer: C
support is essential for boosting productivity, encouraging Seasonal unemployment occurs when individuals are unable to
entrepreneurship, and promoting economic growth in rural find work during certain times of the year due to the seasonal
areas. nature of certain industries, such as agriculture, tourism, or
17. National Logistics Policy (NLP) was launched in the year construction. Jobs in these sectors are not available year-round,
_____ and aims to lower the cost of logistics from the existing leading to temporary unemployment during off-seasons.
13-14% and lead it to par with other developed countries. 20. Which five-year plan made in 1956 focused on the
A) 2022 B) 2020 development of heavy industries like steel and construction of
C) 2021 D) 2023 large dams?
03/03/2025 Shift-1 A) Second Five-Year Plan
Answer: A B) Fourth Five-Year Plan

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C) First Five-Year Plan *Biological forces include genetic factors, physical health, and
D) Third Five-Year Plan other biological processes.
03/03/2025 Shift-1 *Psychological forces relate to cognitive, emotional, and social
Answer: A development, including individual personality and mental
The Second Five-Year Plan (1956–1961) focused on the health.
development of heavy industries, including steel, and the *Life cycle forces refer to the changes and transitions
construction of large dams. It emphasized industrialization as a individuals experience across different stages of life, such as
means of driving economic growth and laid the foundation for childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and old age.
[Link]

the country's industrial development. Together, these forces contribute to the overall process of
21. Which of the following scientists is known as the Father of human development.
the Green Revolution in India? 23. The economic reforms of 1991 aimed to transform India
A) MS Swaminathan B) Vikram Sarabhai into which of the following types of economy?
C) Homi Bhabha D) CV Raman A) A closed economy
03/03/2025 Shift-1 B) A global and competitive economy
Answer: A C) A socialist economy
Dr. M.S. Swaminathan is known as the Father of the Green D) A self-sufficient economy
Revolution in India. His work in agricultural science, 03/03/2025 Shift-2
particularly with high-yielding varieties of seeds and promoting Answer: B
modern farming techniques, played a key role in increasing food The economic reforms of 1991, often referred to as the LPG
production and ensuring food security in India. reforms (Liberalisation, Privatisation, and Globalisation), aimed
22. There are different interactive forces that combine to shape to open up India's economy to the world. These reforms sought
human development and these are __________. to make India more competitive globally by reducing trade
1. Biological Forces barriers, encouraging foreign investment, and fostering a
2. Psychological Forces market-driven economy.
3. Life Cycle Forces 24. Which sector contributed the most to India's GDP in 1947?
A) 1 and 3 only B) 1 and 2 only A) Manufacturing B) Mining
C) 1, 2 and 3 D) 2 and 3 only C) Services D) Agriculture
03/03/2025 Shift-2 03/03/2025 Shift-2
Answer: C Answer: D
Human development is shaped by a combination of biological Agriculture accounted for more than half of India's GDP at the
forces, psychological forces, and life cycle forces. These forces time of independence, reflecting the country's agrarian
interact and influence an individual's growth and development economy during that period.
throughout life: 25. What is disguised unemployment?
A) Workers are highly skilled but unemployed.

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B) More people are employed than required for a job. C) Kerala D) Punjab
C) Workers shift jobs frequently. 03/03/2025 Shift-3
D) Workers are overpaid. Answer: D
03/03/2025 Shift-3 Punjab was the state most positively impacted by the Green
Answer: B Revolution in India. The introduction of high-yielding varieties
Disguised unemployment occurs when more workers are of wheat and rice, along with improved irrigation, fertilizers,
employed in a task than necessary, leading to reduced and modern farming techniques, significantly increased
productivity. This phenomenon is common in the agricultural agricultural productivity in the region, particularly in wheat and
[Link]

sector, especially in developing countries like India, where rice production.

family members may work on a farm even though their 29. Which of the following formulates, implements and
contribution isn't needed for the same output. monitors the monetary policy in India?
26. Which sector of the economy experiences the highest A) SBI B) CAG
unemployment in India? C) RBI D) SEBI
A) Industry B) Agriculture 03/03/2025 Shift-3
C) IT sector D) Services Answer: C
03/03/2025 Shift-3 The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is responsible for formulating,
Answer: B implementing, and monitoring the monetary policy in India. It
In India, the agriculture sector often experiences the highest manages the country's money supply, interest rates, and
unemployment due to underemployment and seasonal work inflation control to ensure economic stability.
patterns. Many individuals in rural areas depend on agriculture, 30. What was the primary occupation of the Indian population
but the lack of consistent job opportunities and modern on the eve of independence?
infrastructure contributes to unemployment in this sector. A) Services B) Industry
27. Which of the following sectors includes services such as C) Agriculture D) Trade
education, healthcare and banking? 03/03/2025 Shift-3
A) Secondary sector B) Tertiary sector Answer: C
C) Quaternary sector D) Primary sector On the eve of India's independence in 1947, the majority of the
03/03/2025 Shift-3 Indian population was engaged in agriculture. Farming was the
Answer: B primary occupation for most people, with agriculture being the
The sector that includes services such as education, healthcare, backbone of the economy, though industrialization and trade
and banking is the Tertiary sector. were less developed at the time.
So, the correct answer is: B) Tertiary sector 31. When did India reach its record low Statutory Liquidity
28. Which of the following states in India was most positively Ratio (SLR) of 18.00%?
impacted by the Green Revolution? A) March 2024 B) January 2024
A) Assam B) Bihar C) November 2024 D) February 2015

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04/03/2025 Shift-1 *Very High human development

Question Error: *Medium human development
India reached its record low Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR) of *Low human development
18.00% in March 2025. This marked a significant milestone in These categories reflect the overall standard of living, including
the country's monetary policy adjustments. income, education, and life expectancy. "Below Average" is not
32. Which of the following/who among the following is/are a recognized official category in the HDI classification.
NOT covered under the jurisdiction of the Central 34. The Five-Year Plans in India were based on the model of
Administrative Tribunal (CAT)? which economist?
[Link]

A) The Central Civil Services A) Karl Marx B) Mahalanobis

B) All India Services C) Adam Smith D) John Maynard Keynes
C) Civilian employees of defense services 04/03/2025 Shift-1
D) Members of the defense forces Answer: B
04/03/2025 Shift-1 The Five-Year Plans in India, particularly the Second Five-Year
Answer: D Plan (1956–1961), were heavily influenced by the economic
The Central Administrative Tribunal (CAT) was established model developed by P.C. Mahalanobis, an Indian statistician
under Article 323-A of the Constitution to adjudicate disputes and economist. His model emphasized rapid industrialization
and complaints related to the recruitment and conditions of and the development of the public sector to achieve long-term
service of personnel covered under the Central Government. economic growth.
However, members of the defense forces are excluded from its 35. Which industry was most developed in India before
jurisdiction. Its coverage extends to the Central Civil Services, Independence?
All India Services, and civilian employees of defense services. A) Textile industry B) IT industry
33. Which of the following are the categories to measure the C) Electronics industry D) Automobile industry
level of Human Development of the countries? 04/03/2025 Shift-1
1. Very High Answer: A
2. Medium Before Independence, India had a well-developed textile
3. Low industry, particularly in regions like Gujarat and Maharashtra.
4. Below Average The textile industry was one of the oldest and most significant
A) 1, 2 and 3 only B) 1 and 2 only industries in India, with a rich history of handloom and cotton
C) 3 and 4 only D) 1, 2, 3 and 4 production. However, other industries like the automobile,
04/03/2025 Shift-1 electronics, and IT sectors were not developed at that time.
Answer: A 36. The HDI is a summary composite measure of a country's
The level of Human Development of countries is typically average achievements in basic aspects of human development,
measured using the Human Development Index (HDI), which which are _______.
categorizes countries into three broad levels: 1. Health

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2. Knowledge D) To close all private companies

3. Daily Income 04/03/2025 Shift-2
A) 1 only B) 1, 2 and 3 Answer: C
C) 1 and 2 only D) 2 and 3 only One of the main goals of India's industrial policy after 1991 was
04/03/2025 Shift-2 to promote small-scale industries and encourage private sector
Answer: C participation. The policy aimed at liberalizing the economy,
The Human Development Index (HDI) is a summary composite reducing government control, encouraging foreign investment,
measure of a country's average achievements in three basic and supporting the growth of small and medium-sized
[Link]

aspects of human development, which are: enterprises (SMEs) to foster employment and economic growth.
*Health (measured by life expectancy at birth) 39. Which sector forms the backbone of rural development in
*Knowledge (measured by mean years of schooling and India?
expected years of schooling) A) IT sector B) Agriculture
*Standard of living (measured by Gross National Income per C) Manufacturing D) Tourism
capita) 04/03/2025 Shift-3
Since Daily Income is not a direct component of the HDI (it is Answer: B
based on GNI per capita), the correct answer is: C) 1 and 2 only. Agriculture forms the backbone of rural development in India,
37. When were economic reforms introduced in India focusing as it is the primary source of livelihood for a large portion of
on liberalisation, privatisation and globalisation? the rural population. It drives the economy in rural areas and is
A) 2010 B) 2000 crucial for food security, employment, and income generation.
C) 1975 D) 1991 40. Which of the following is a pilot project of the National
04/03/2025 Shift-2 Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) for
Answer: D digitisation of Self Help Groups (SHGs)?
India introduced economic reforms in 1991, focusing on A) e-Shiksha B) e-Banking
liberalisation, privatisation, and globalisation (LPG). These C) e-Village D) e-Shakti
reforms were initiated under the leadership of Prime Minister 04/03/2025 Shift-3
P.V. Narasimha Rao and Finance Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh. Answer: D
They marked a significant shift in India's economic policy, The pilot project of the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural
opening up the economy to global markets and reducing Development (NABARD) for the digitization of Self Help Groups
government control over industries. (SHGs) is: D) e-Shakti.
38. What was one of the main goals of the Industrial Policy after This initiative aims to enhance the efficiency and transparency
1991? of SHGs through digital tools, helping improve their functioning
A) To restrict foreign investment and access to financial services.
B) To nationalise all banks 41. Which of the following industries is NOT a part of the eight
C) To promote small-scale industries core industries in India?

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A) Fertilisers B) Cement increased input costs for farmers, posing challenges for small
C) Coal D) Textile and marginal farmers.
04/03/2025 Shift-3 44. Which policy was introduced to support private industries
Answer: D as part of the industrial reforms in 1991?
The eight core industries in India include Coal, Crude Oil, A) Ban on foreign companies in India
Natural Gas, Refinery Products, Fertilizers, Steel, Cement, and B) Abolition of industrial licensing for most sectors
Electricity. These sectors are considered vital for economic C) Creation of exclusive public sector enterprises
growth and industrial performance. The textile industry, while D) Limitation on industrial growth in urban areas
[Link]

significant, is not part of this list. 04/03/2025 Shift-3

42. Which of the following economic activities primarily focus Answer: B
on research and information? As part of the industrial reforms in 1991, the Indian
A) Secondary B) Quaternary government introduced the policy of abolishing industrial
C) Primary D) Tertiary licensing for most sectors. This move aimed to encourage
04/03/2025 Shift-3 private sector participation, reduce bureaucratic hurdles, and
Answer: B promote economic growth. The policy allowed private
Quaternary economic activities primarily focus on research, industries to expand more freely without the need for
information, technology, education, and consulting. These government approval for most industries, except for a few
activities are knowledge-based and involve the processing and sensitive sectors like defense and aerospace. This was a
dissemination of information, including scientific research, significant shift towards a more liberalized and market-driven
software development, and financial analysis. This sector is economy.
considered highly specialized and plays a crucial role in 45. Which sector primarily involves the extraction of natural
advancing innovation and technology. resources in India?
43. Which sector of the economy was impacted by reforms like A) Primary sector B) Quaternary sector
the reduction of subsidies after 1991? C) Tertiary sector D) Secondary sector
A) Tourism B) Agriculture 04/03/2025 Shift-3
C) Industrial sector D) IT sector Answer: A
04/03/2025 Shift-3 The primary sector deals with the extraction and harvesting of
Answer: B natural resources. In India, activities like agriculture, fishing,
The reduction of subsidies after the 1991 economic reforms forestry, and mining are key components of this sector, forming
significantly impacted the agricultural sector. These reforms the backbone of rural livelihoods and contributing significantly
aimed to reduce fiscal deficits and included cuts in subsidies for to the economy.
fertilizers, electricity, and irrigation. While this encouraged 46. Which of the following policies was introduced as a part of
efficiency and reduced government expenditure, it also economic reforms in 1991?
A) Import Restrictions B) License Raj

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C) High Tariff System D) Privatisation machinery, as well as developing infrastructure like railways
04/03/2025 Shift-3 and power generation. This approach was aimed at fostering
Answer: D self-reliance, reducing dependence on foreign imports, and
As part of the 1991 economic reforms, India introduced policies addressing regional disparities in development.
aimed at liberalisation, privatisation, and globalisation (LPG). 49. Which of the following is NOT a part of the definition of a
Privatisation involved reducing government ownership in public town as per the Census of India?
sector enterprises and encouraging private sector participation A) More than 75% of the population engaged in primary sector
to improve efficiency and competitiveness. B) Presence of municipality, corporation, etc
[Link]

47. The year 1991 is significant in Indian economic history C) Population size of more than 5,000 persons
because it marks the beginning of the: D) Population density of 400 persons per km
A) Digital Revolution 05/03/2025 Shift-1
B) Industrial Revolution Answer: A
C) Economic Reforms and Liberalisation As per the Census of India, a town is defined based on certain
D) Green Revolution criteria, which typically include:
04/03/2025 Shift-3 *Presence of a municipality, corporation, etc. (Option B)
Answer: C *Population size of more than 5,000 persons (Option C)
In 1991, India underwent a transformative phase in its *Population density of 400 persons per square kilometer
economic history by introducing reforms focused on (Option D)
liberalisation, privatisation, and globalisation (LPG). These However, the definition of a town does not include the criterion
reforms were initiated to address a severe economic crisis and of more than 75% of the population engaged in the primary
marked a shift from a state-controlled economy to a more sector (Option A). Towns are generally characterized by non-
market-oriented one, integrating India with the global agricultural activities, and a large proportion of their population
economy. is typically involved in secondary and tertiary sectors, not
48. What was the role of the public sector in India’s industrial primarily in the primary sector (agriculture).
development from 1947 to 1991? 50. The principles of social justice incorporated in the Directive
A) To promote private investment Principles are influenced by which philosophy?
B) To support small-scale industries A) Communism B) Anarchism
C) To focus on export-oriented industries C) Gandhism D) Capitalism
D) To dominate key industries and infrastructure 05/03/2025 Shift-1
05/03/2025 Shift-1 Answer: C
Answer: D The principles of social justice incorporated in the Directive
From 1947 to 1991, the public sector played a pivotal role in Principles of State Policy in the Indian Constitution are largely
India's industrial development. It focused on establishing and influenced by Gandhism. Mahatma Gandhi's vision of an
managing key industries such as steel, coal, and heavy inclusive and equitable society, where there is a focus on the

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 [Link]/SRINIVASMech [Link]

welfare of the marginalized and a decentralized approach to Answer: A

governance, played a significant role in shaping these India introduced significant economic reforms in 1991, under
principles. Gandhian philosophy emphasized social and the leadership of Prime Minister P.V. Narasimha Rao and
economic justice, self-reliance, and the upliftment of the Finance Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh. These reforms, often
underprivileged, which is reflected in many of the Directive referred to as the LPG reforms (Liberalization, Privatization,
Principles. and Globalization), marked a turning point in India's economic
51. Social or Collective Ownership, Central Planning Authority history, opening up the economy to global markets.
and Social Welfare are the features of which type of economy? 54. What was the main goal of the Second Five-Year Plan?
[Link]

A) Socialism B) Communism A) Achieving self-sufficiency in agriculture

C) Imperialism D) Capitalism B) Rapid industrialisation
05/03/2025 Shift-1 C) Improving rural infrastructure
Answer: A D) Increasing exports
Socialism is characterized by social or collective ownership of 05/03/2025 Shift-1
resources, a central planning authority to coordinate economic Answer: B
activities, and an emphasis on social welfare. These features The main goal of the Second Five-Year Plan (1956–1961) was
aim to reduce inequality and ensure that resources and wealth rapid industrialisation, with a particular focus on the
are distributed more equitably among the population. development of heavy industries like steel, machinery, and
52. Which of the following best describes globalisation? energy production. This plan aimed to lay the foundation for a
A) Increasing international interdependence and trade self-sustained industrial base in India and reduce dependence
B) Isolating economies from global markets on foreign imports.
C) Reducing international trade 55. Which organization promotes rural development and self-
D) Limiting cultural exchange employment in India?
05/03/2025 Shift-1 A) National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development
Answer: A (NABARD)
Globalisation involves the integration of economies, cultures, B) World Trade Organization (WTO)
and societies across the globe, driven by advancements in C) Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)
technology, transportation, and communication. It fosters D) Reserve Bank of India (RBI)
international trade, investment, and cultural exchange, creating 05/03/2025 Shift-1
interdependence among nations. Answer: A
53. In which year did India introduce economic reforms, leading NABARD plays a key role in promoting rural development and
to globalisation? self-employment in India. It provides financial and technical
A) 1991 B) 1985 support for the development of agriculture, rural industries, and
C) 2010 D) 2001 other sectors in rural areas to improve the livelihoods of rural
05/03/2025 Shift-1 populations.

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56. Who among the following thinkers introduced the Human (National Electronic Funds Transfer) systems helps verify the
Development Index for the first time in 1990? beneficiary's name before a transaction is processed. This helps
A) Daniel Disilva B) Mahabub-Ul-Haq reduce errors and fraud by ensuring that the name of the
C) Mohammad Yunus Khan D) Ariel Sharon recipient matches the account number, thus minimizing the
05/03/2025 Shift-2 chances of sending money to the wrong account.
Answer: B 59. What was a major outcome of the Green Revolution in
The Human Development Index (HDI) was introduced in 1990 India?
by Pakistani economist Mahbub-Ul-Haq. It was developed as A) Urbanisation of rural areas
[Link]

part of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) to B) Decrease in agricultural employment
measure a country's development not just by economic growth C) Increase in food security
but also by factors like health, education, and standard of living. D) Rise in export of traditional crops
57. UPI-based digital RuPay Credit Card was first introduced by 05/03/2025 Shift-2
________. Answer: C
A) IDBI Bank B) Punjab National Bank A major outcome of the Green Revolution in India was an
C) Bank of Baroda D) IDFC First Bank increase in food security. The Green Revolution, which began
05/03/2025 Shift-2 in the 1960s, introduced high-yielding variety (HYV) seeds,
Answer: D chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and improved irrigation
IDFC First Bank was the pioneer in introducing the UPI-based techniques. This led to a significant increase in agricultural
digital RuPay Credit Card. This innovative offering combines productivity, especially in staple crops like wheat and rice,
the benefits of UPI transactions with traditional credit card helping India achieve self-sufficiency in food production and
features, providing customers with a seamless and rewarding improving food security for the population.
payment experience. 60. Which organisation provided financial support to India
58. What is the main benefit of the name look-up facility, during the 1991 economic crisis?
introduced by the Reserve Bank of India for RTGS and NEFT A) United Nations
systems? B) World Trade Organization
A) Free transactions for all users C) International Monetary Fund
B) Introduction of new banking apps D) Asian Development Bank
C) Verification of the beneficiary's name to reduce errors and 05/03/2025 Shift-2
fraud Answer: C
D) Faster transaction processing During the 1991 economic crisis, India sought financial
05/03/2025 Shift-2 assistance from the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The
Answer: C IMF provided support under the condition that India implement
The name look-up facility introduced by the Reserve Bank of structural reforms, which led to the liberalisation, privatisation,
India (RBI) for RTGS (Real-Time Gross Settlement) and NEFT and globalisation of the economy.

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61. Which are the three main sector classifications of the Indian and the movement of investment across borders. It leads to
economy? closer economic ties, cultural exchanges, and the flow of goods,
A) Primary, Secondary, Tertiary services, and capital between nations.
B) Farming, Manufacturing, Trade 64. What is the relationship between poverty and
C) Agriculture, Finance, Technology unemployment?
D) Agriculture, Industry, Services A) Unemployment leads to wealth redistribution.
05/03/2025 Shift-2 B) Unemployment often leads to higher poverty levels due to
Answer: A lack of income.
[Link]

The three main sector classifications of the Indian economy are: C) Poverty reduces unemployment.
A) Primary, Secondary, Tertiary D) Poverty and unemployment are unrelated.
62. Which Five-Year Plan emphasised the development of 05/03/2025 Shift-3
heavy industries and the secondary sector? Answer: B
A) Second Five-Year Plan When people are unemployed, they lack a stable source of
B) Third Five-Year Plan income, which can lead to poverty. The absence of employment
C) First Five-Year Plan opportunities makes it harder for individuals to meet their basic
D) Fourth Five-Year Plan needs, thus worsening poverty levels.
05/03/2025 Shift-2 65. According to the Gandhian view of Development, which of
Answer: A the following is the focal point of economic development?
The Second Five-Year Plan (1956–1961) emphasized the A) Family B) Individual
development of heavy industries and the secondary sector. It C) Government D) Village
focused on industrialization, particularly the establishment of 05/03/2025 Shift-3
steel plants, machinery, and large-scale industries, aiming to Answer: D
reduce India's dependence on foreign imports and boost In the Gandhian view of development, the village is considered
economic growth through the development of key industries. the focal point of economic and social progress. Gandhi
63. What does globalisation primarily involve? emphasized self-sufficiency, rural development, and the
A) Restricting foreign goods empowerment of villages as the foundation for a sustainable
B) Isolation of countries from global trade and equitable society.
C) Integration of the world economy through trade, technology 66. Which type of cultivation mainly involves the use of high-
and investment yielding variety (HYV) seeds, chemical fertilisers, insecticides
D) Decreasing communication between nations and pesticides to obtain higher productivity?
05/03/2025 Shift-2 A) Commercial Farming
Answer: C B) Intensive Subsistence Farming
Globalization primarily involves the integration of the world C) Primitive Subsistence Farming
economy through increased trade, technological advancements, D) Dryland Farming

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05/03/2025 Shift-3 A) It was extended only to industrial crops.

Answer: B B) It was replaced by international pricing policies.
This type of farming involves the use of high-yielding variety C) It continued to protect farmers from price fluctuations.
(HYV) seeds, chemical fertilizers, insecticides, and pesticides to D) It was abolished entirely.
maximize productivity from small landholdings. It is 06/03/2025 Shift-1
particularly common in densely populated regions, where the Answer: C
focus is on meeting the food demands of the growing After the 1991 economic reforms, the Minimum Support Price
population. (MSP) system continued to play a crucial role in protecting
[Link]

67. One of the primary goals of the New Economic Policy of farmers from price fluctuations. The MSP is a government-set
1991 was to control which of the following? price at which it buys certain crops from farmers to ensure that
A) Environmental issues B) Inflation they receive a fair and stable price for their produce, especially
C) Regional imbalances D) Population growth during periods of price volatility. While the reforms led to
05/03/2025 Shift-3 greater market liberalization, the MSP remained an important
Answer: B tool to safeguard farmers' incomes and provide price stability in
One of the key objectives of the New Economic Policy of 1991 the agricultural sector.
was to stabilize the economy by controlling inflation. The policy 70. According to the 2011 Census, what was the male literacy
aimed to address the balance of payments crisis, reduce fiscal rate in India?
deficits, and create a more competitive and market-oriented A) 84.14% B) 82.14%
economy C) 75.14% D) 78.14%
68. What is globalisation? 06/03/2025 Shift-1
A) An increase in cultural isolation Answer: B
B) Decline in international trade As per the 2011 Census, the male literacy rate in India was
C) Integration of economies worldwide 82.14%. This reflects the progress made in education, although
D) A political alliance between countries disparities between male and female literacy rates still persist.
05/03/2025 Shift-3 71. Every year, the Human Development Index is released by
Answer: C _______________.
Globalization refers to the process of increasing A) World Health Organization
interconnectivity and interdependence among the world's B) UNICEF
economies, cultures, and populations, driven by international C) International Monetary Fund
trade, technology, and investment. It leads to greater economic D) United Nations Development Programme
cooperation, cultural exchange, and the flow of goods, services, 06/03/2025 Shift-1
and information across borders. Answer: D
69. What role did the Minimum Support Price play in The Human Development Index (HDI) is published annually by
agriculture post the 1991 reforms? the UNDP as part of its Human Development Report. The HDI

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measures the development of countries based on indicators like C) Hiring temporary workers for short-term projects
life expectancy, education, and income, offering a composite D) Relocating business operations to another area within the
view of human progress. same country
72. What was one of the negative impacts of the Green 06/03/2025 Shift-2
Revolution? Answer: A
A) Reduced yields in staple crops Offshoring involves relocating business operations, such as
B) Soil degradation due to excessive use of fertilisers manufacturing or services, to a foreign country where costs (like
C) Increased reliance on traditional seeds labor) are typically lower. This helps companies reduce
[Link]

D) Increase in organic farming expenses and improve profitability.

06/03/2025 Shift-1 75. In 2011 Census, the child population (0-6 years) in India
Answer: B was approximately how much percentage of the total
One of the negative impacts of the Green Revolution was soil population?
degradation, largely due to the excessive use of chemical A) 13.1% B) 16.1%
fertilizers and pesticides. While the revolution increased C) 17.1% D) 12.1%
agricultural productivity, it also led to long-term environmental 06/03/2025 Shift-2
issues such as reduced soil fertility, water contamination, and Answer: A
an increased dependence on chemical inputs for farming. According to the 2011 Census, the child population (0-6 years)
73. Which crop was primarily targeted during the Green in India constituted approximately 13.1% of the total
Revolution in India? population. This marked a decline from the 15.9% recorded in
A) Sugarcane B) Wheat the 2001 Census, reflecting demographic changes over the
C) Spices D) Cotton decade.
06/03/2025 Shift-1 76. Which term describes the removal of restrictions on private
Answer: B industries in the 1991 reforms?
During the Green Revolution in India, wheat was one of the A) Liberalisation B) Globalisation
primary crops targeted for improvement. The introduction of C) Privatisation D) Industrialisation
high-yielding varieties, along with modern agricultural 06/03/2025 Shift-2
techniques, significantly boosted wheat production, particularly Answer: A
in regions like Punjab. This helped India achieve food security In the 1991 economic reforms, liberalisation refers to the
and reduce dependence on food imports. removal of restrictions and controls on private industries. This
74. Which of the following best describes the concept of included easing the licensing requirements, reducing
offshoring? government intervention in industrial growth, and allowing
A) Transferring certain company tasks or services to a foreign greater freedom for the private sector to operate. It was aimed
country to lower expenses at encouraging competition, attracting foreign investment, and
B) Decreasing wages within the company to boost profits boosting economic growth.

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77. What was the primary reason for the failure of India’s Third As per the 2011 Census, the population density of India was
Five Year Plan? 382 persons per square kilometer. This indicates the number of
A) Indo-China war of 1962 people living per unit area of land.
B) Indo-Pak war of 1965 and drought 80. What was the primary occupation of most of India’s
C) Oil crisis population on the eve of independence?
D) Global recession A) Industry B) Trade
06/03/2025 Shift-2 C) Agriculture D) Education
Answer: B 06/03/2025 Shift-2
[Link]

India's Third Five-Year Plan (1961–1966) faced significant Answer: C

setbacks due to the Indo-China war in 1962, followed by the On the eve of India's independence in 1947, the majority of the
Indo-Pak war in 1965. Additionally, two consecutive years of population was engaged in agriculture. A large portion of the
severe drought further strained the economy. These challenges population relied on farming as their primary occupation for
disrupted the plan's objectives, leading to a shift in focus livelihood, even though industrial and trade sectors were
towards short-term measures and poverty alleviation programs. relatively underdeveloped at the time.
78. The concept of a Five Year Plan was inspired by which 81. What structural challenge has India faced in achieving
country? inclusive growth since the 1991 reforms?
A) Soviet Union B) United Kingdom A) Excessive government intervention in private industries
C) United States D) France B) Disparities in regional development and rural-urban divide
06/03/2025 Shift-2 C) Decline in service sector output
Answer: A D) Over-reliance on the agricultural sector
The concept of Five-Year Plans was first implemented by the 06/03/2025 Shift-3
Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin in 1928. These plans aimed to Answer: B
centralize and accelerate economic development. Inspired by Since the 1991 reforms, India has faced structural challenges in
this model, India adopted the concept after independence, with achieving inclusive growth, particularly due to disparities in
the First Five-Year Plan launched in 1951 under the leadership regional development and the rural-urban divide. While urban
of Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru. areas have benefited significantly from liberalization and
79. As per the 2011 Census, what is the population density of globalization, rural regions often lag behind in infrastructure,
India? education, and healthcare, exacerbating inequalities.
A) 382 persons per km 82. What is the approximate population of Scheduled tribes in
B) 325 persons per km India according to Census 2011?
C) 350 persons per km A) 8.45 crores B) 15.45 crores
D) 420 persons per km C) 5.45 crores D) 10.42 crores
06/03/2025 Shift-2 06/03/2025 Shift-3
Answer: A Answer: D

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According to the 2011 Census, the population of Scheduled 85. A settlement with fewer than 5,000 people is classified as
Tribes in India was approximately 10.42 crores, which _____.
constituted about 8.6% of the total population of the country. A) a village B) a city
83. Which Five-Year Plan in India emphasised the concept of C) a district D) a town
'Inclusive Growth' focusing on social equity and rural 06/03/2025 Shift-3
development? Answer: A
A) Second Plan B) Third Plan A settlement with fewer than 5,000 people is typically
C) Fourth Plan D) Sixth Plan classified as a village, reflecting its small population size and
[Link]

06/03/2025 Shift-3 rural characteristics. Larger settlements with more amenities

Answer: D and administrative infrastructure might be classified as towns
The Sixth Five-Year Plan (1980-1985) in India emphasized the or cities.
concept of 'Inclusive Growth', focusing on social equity, poverty 86. What was the major reason for the poor performance of the
alleviation, and rural development. It aimed at improving the agriculture sector during the 1960s?
living conditions of the marginalized sections of society, A) Low investment in technology
particularly in rural areas, and promoting a more balanced and B) Overdependence on imports
inclusive economic development across the country. The plan C) Frequent droughts and famines
placed a strong emphasis on social justice, education, and D) Lack of skilled labour
healthcare. 06/03/2025 Shift-3
84. Which of the following was launched to support farmers Answer: C
and enhance agricultural productivity in 2000? The major reason for the poor performance of the agriculture
A) National Agriculture Policy sector during the 1960s was frequent droughts and famines. So,
B) Operation Flood the correct answer is C).
C) Rural Employment Generation Programme India faced severe monsoon failures during this period, leading
D) Green Revolution to significant food shortages and reliance on imports for food
06/03/2025 Shift-3 grains. This situation eventually paved the way for the Green
Answer: A Revolution in the late 1960s to improve agricultural
The National Agriculture Policy was launched in 2000 to productivity.
support farmers and enhance agricultural productivity in India. 87. Rural development mainly focuses on improving the quality
The policy aimed at promoting sustainable agricultural of life for:
practices, improving agricultural productivity, ensuring food A) urban residents B) industrial workers
security, and raising farmers' income. It laid down a framework C) government officials D) rural population
for the development of the agriculture sector, with an emphasis 06/03/2025 Shift-3
on technological advancements, better infrastructure, and Answer: D
improved market access for farmers.

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Rural development primarily focuses on improving the quality 07/03/2025 Shift-1

of life for the rural population. This includes enhancing access Answer: B
to basic services such as education, healthcare, clean water, The Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana (DDUGJY) was
infrastructure, and employment opportunities, aiming to reduce launched in 2014 under the leadership of Prime Minister
poverty and improve living standards in rural areas. Narendra Modi. This scheme aimed to electrify all un-electrified
88. Which of the following crops was primarily associated with villages, as per the 2011 Census, and improve rural power
the Green Revolution in India? infrastructure to ensure continuous electricity supply.
A) Wheat B) Oil 91. Which of the following is an example of social
[Link]

C) Cotton D) Pulses infrastructure?

06/03/2025 Shift-3 A) Railways B) Roads
Answer: A C) Airports D) Hospitals
Wheat was one of the primary crops associated with the Green 07/03/2025 Shift-1
Revolution in India. The introduction of high-yielding varieties Answer: D
of wheat, along with improved irrigation and the use of Social infrastructure refers to facilities that support societal
fertilizers and pesticides, played a key role in increasing wheat well-being and improve quality of life, such as hospitals,
production, especially in regions like Punjab. schools, and housing. These are designed to meet the social
89. The Gandhian view of development also visualises (a) needs of communities rather than directly drive economic
_______ role for the state in the development process. activities.
A) small B) major 92. How did the drain of wealth theory, as proposed by
C) full D) no Dadabhai Naoroji, explain India’s poverty under British rule?
07/03/2025 Shift-1 A) Excessive population growth in India
Answer: A B) Lack of agricultural development
The Gandhian view of development visualizes a small role for C) Decline of traditional industries
the state in the development process. D) Export of Indian resources and wealth to Britain without fair
So, the correct answer is: A) small. compensation
Gandhi advocated for decentralized development, where local 07/03/2025 Shift-1
communities and individuals played a significant role in their Answer: D
own development, with minimal state intervention Dadabhai Naoroji's Drain of Wealth theory highlighted how
90. The Government of India had launched Deen Dayal British colonial policies systematically transferred India's
Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana (DDUGJY) in the year _____ for wealth to Britain. This was achieved through mechanisms like
the rural areas with the objectives of electrification of all un- high taxes, export of raw materials at low prices, and
electrified villages, as per Census 2011. repatriation of profits, salaries, and pensions to Britain. These
A) 2018 B) 2014 practices left India impoverished and underdeveloped, while
C) 2017 D) 2011 enriching Britain.

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93. Which of the following is a primary activity in rural areas? through Five-Year Plans, which aimed at achieving self-
A) Manufacturing sufficiency, promoting industrial growth, and improving
B) Software development infrastructure.
C) Banking This approach continued until the economic reforms of 1991,
D) Agriculture which marked the shift towards liberalisation and a more
07/03/2025 Shift-1 market-oriented approach.
Answer: D 96. What does the term 'liberalisation' refer to in the context
Agriculture is a primary activity in rural areas, as it involves the of the economy?
[Link]

extraction of natural resources and is central to the economy in A) Nationalising private industries
many rural regions. B) Opening up the economy to foreign trade
94. Which of the following is an indicator of economic C) Reducing taxes for all citizens
development? D) Increasing government regulations
A) Rising per capita income 07/03/2025 Shift-2
B) Decreasing exports Answer: B
C) Reduction in industrialisation In the context of the economy, liberalisation refers to the
D) Increasing population process of reducing government restrictions and controls in
07/03/2025 Shift-2 order to promote a more open, market-driven economy. This
Answer: A includes opening up the economy to foreign trade, removing
Rising per capita income is an important indicator of economic barriers to international investment, and encouraging
development as it reflects the increase in the average income of competition. Liberalisation aims to enhance efficiency, increase
individuals within a country. This suggests improved living the flow of goods and services, and stimulate economic growth
standards, better employment opportunities, and a growing by integrating the economy with global markets.
economy. 97. What was the primary aim of the Third Five-Year Plan
95. Which of the following tools did India adopt for economic (1961-1966) in India?
development after gaining independence? A) To promote small-scale industries
A) Privatisation B) Decentralised planning B) To enhance agricultural production
C) Centralised planning D) Liberalisation C) To achieve self-sufficiency in food grains
07/03/2025 Shift-2 D) To focus on poverty alleviation
Answer: C 07/03/2025 Shift-2
After gaining independence in 1947, India adopted centralised Answer: C
planning as the primary tool for economic development. The The Third Five-Year Plan (1961–1966) in India primarily aimed
government took an active role in the planning process, with at achieving self-sufficiency in food grains. It focused on
the establishment of the Planning Commission in 1950. The improving agricultural production to meet the growing
centralised planning model focused on setting economic goals demands of the population and to support industrial growth.

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This plan also emphasized the development of basic industries 101. Under which Act were Debt Recovery Tribunals (DRTs)
and infrastructure to strengthen the economy. established?
98. What was the literacy rate in India according to the 2011 A) The Securitization Act, 2002
Census? B) The Recovery of Debts and Bankruptcy Act (RDB Act), 1993
A) 70.05% B) 60.05% C) The SARFAESI Act, 2002
C) 64.05% D) 74.04% D) The Consumer Protection Act, 2019
07/03/2025 Shift-2 07/03/2025 Shift-3
Answer: D Answer: B
[Link]

The literacy rate in India according to the 2011 Census was Debt Recovery Tribunals (DRTs) were established under the
74.04%. So, the correct answer is D). Recovery of Debts and Bankruptcy Act (RDB Act), 1993. The
99. The First Five-Year Plan in India focused primarily on which purpose of DRTs is to expedite the recovery of debts due to
sector of the economy? banks and financial institutions by providing a specialized
A) Industrialisation forum for the resolution of disputes related to loan defaults.
B) Agricultural development 102. Which sectors received the majority of the gross FDI
C) Service sector expansion inflows during the reported period?
D) Infrastructure development A) Real estate and retail
07/03/2025 Shift-2 B) Manufacturing, financial services, communication services
Answer: B and electricity
The First Five-Year Plan in India (1951-1956) primarily focused C) Information technology and hospitality
on agricultural development. The plan aimed to boost food D) Agriculture and textiles
production through irrigation, land reforms, and the use of 07/03/2025 Shift-3
better agricultural practices, as agriculture was the backbone of Answer: B
the Indian economy at the time. During the reported period, the majority of the gross Foreign
100. How many people escaped multidimensional poverty in Direct Investment (FDI) inflows in India were directed towards
India between 2013-14 and 2022-23, as per NITI Aayog? sectors like manufacturing, financial services, communication
A) 30 crore B) 24.82 crore services, and electricity. These sectors have consistently
C) 18.3 crore D) 12.5 crore attracted significant FDI due to their growth potential and
07/03/2025 Shift-3 importance in the overall economic development of the
Answer: B country.
According to NITI Aayog, approximately 24.82 crore people 103. The Green Revolution was associated with which of the
escaped multidimensional poverty in India between 2013-14 following techniques?
and 2022-23. This remarkable achievement reflects significant A) Crop rotation
improvements across various dimensions of poverty, including B) Terrace farming
health, education, and living standards. C) Use of chemical fertilisers and pesticides

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D) Organic farming essential to address food shortages, ensure self-sufficiency, and

07/03/2025 Shift-3 support the majority of the population, which was engaged in
Answer: C farming. The First Five-Year Plan (1951–1956) emphasized
The Green Revolution, which began in the 1960s, involved the agricultural development and irrigation projects to boost
introduction of high-yielding variety (HYV) seeds, the extensive productivity and stabilize the economy.
use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and modern irrigation 106. During which Five Year Plan was the slogan 'Garibi Hatao'
techniques to boost agricultural productivity. The focus was on (Eradicate Poverty) introduced?
increasing food production, especially in developing countries A) Second Plan B) Fifth Plan
[Link]

like India, through the application of these modern farming C) Fourth Plan D) Third Plan
techniques. 07/03/2025 Shift-3
104. Which of the following Five-Year Plans was interrupted Answer: B
due to the economic crisis and political instability in India and The slogan "Garibi Hatao" (Eradicate Poverty) was introduced
eventually shifted towards a focus on poverty alleviation during the Fifth Five Year Plan of India.
programmes? So, the correct answer is: B) Fifth Plan
A) Third Five-Year Plan (1961-66) 107. Which of the following organisations aims to promote
B) Fourth Five-Year Plan (1969-74) sustainable and equitable agriculture and rural development?
C) Fifth Five-Year Plan (1974-78) A) RBI B) SBI
D) Sixth Five-Year Plan (1980-85) C) NABARD D) Rural Bank of India
07/03/2025 Shift-3 07/03/2025 Shift-3
Answer: A Answer: C
The Third Five-Year Plan faced significant disruptions due to NABARD aims to promote sustainable and equitable agriculture
the Indo-China war in 1962, the Indo-Pak war in 1965, and two and rural development in India. It provides financial and
consecutive years of drought. These events led to an economic technical assistance to various sectors such as agriculture, rural
crisis and political instability, forcing the government to shift industries, and other rural development activities, thereby
its focus towards poverty alleviation and short-term planning improving the livelihoods of rural populations.
through Annual Plans from 1966 to 1969. 108. Which of the following was a key element of India's Second
105. During the early years post-Independence, which sector Five-Year Plan (1956-1961)?
was prioritised for development in India? A) Focus on poverty alleviation
A) Quaternary sector B) Secondary sector B) Promoting private sector growth
C) Primary sector D) Tertiary sector C) Heavy industrialisation
07/03/2025 Shift-3 D) Expansion of the service sector
Answer: C 07/03/2025 Shift-3
During the early years post-Independence, India focused on Answer: C
developing the primary sector, particularly agriculture. This was

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The Second Five-Year Plan (1956-1961) in India focused on India faced a severe balance of payments crisis in 1991, which
heavy industrialization, particularly in sectors like steel, led to the introduction of economic reforms. The crisis was
machinery, and heavy engineering. It aimed to build a strong marked by dwindling foreign exchange reserves, high fiscal
industrial base for the country and emphasized the deficits, and external debt obligations. To address this, India
development of key industries, large dams, and infrastructure implemented liberalisation, privatisation, and globalisation
projects to support long-term economic growth. policies, transforming its economic landscape.
109. In which year was the Second Five-Year Plan launched, 112. Which sector in India faces the highest level of seasonal
emphasising industrialisation? unemployment?
[Link]

A) 1956 B) 1961 A) IT sector B) Education sector

C) 1966 D) 1971 C) Agricultural sector D) Healthcare sector
07/03/2025 Shift-3 09/03/2025 Shift-1
Answer: A Answer: C
The Second Five-Year Plan was launched in 1956, and it The agricultural sector in India faces the highest level of
emphasized industrialization, particularly the development of seasonal unemployment. This is because farming activities are
heavy industries and infrastructure. It aimed to boost the heavily dependent on seasons, with busy planting and
industrial sector to lay the foundation for long-term economic harvesting periods followed by off-seasons when there is less
growth in India. work available, leading to temporary unemployment for many
110. What is outsourcing? workers.
A) Exporting goods 113. Which of the following is an example of economic
B) Contracting out services to other countries development in action?
C) Importing goods A) A factory producing more goods
D) Lending of money B) Improved access to employment opportunities
09/03/2025 Shift-1 C) A rise in consumer prices
Answer: B D) A country lowering its interest rates
Outsourcing refers to the practice where companies transfer 09/03/2025 Shift-1
certain business processes or services to external organizations Answer: B
or individuals, often located in other countries. This is done to Economic development refers to improvements in the standard
reduce costs, improve efficiency, or access specialized skills. of living, economic well-being, and quality of life for a
111. In which year did India experience a severe balance of population. Improved access to employment opportunities
payments crisis, prompting economic reforms? reflects social and economic progress, as it often leads to better
A) 1990 B) 1985 incomes, reduced poverty, and overall societal advancement.
C) 1991 D) 1981 114. What was a major criticism of the agricultural strategy
09/03/2025 Shift-1 adopted during India’s “Green Revolution”?
Answer: C A) It focused on non-irrigated regions.

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B) It solved micronutrient deficiencies among the poor. electricity), communication systems, education, healthcare
C) It benefited all farmers equally. facilities, and more, which support economic activities and
D) It primarily benefited large landowners, increasing economic improve quality of life.
disparities. 117. What was the main focus of the first Five-Year Plan?
09/03/2025 Shift-2 A) Infrastructure development
Answer: D B) Industrial development
One of the major criticisms of the Green Revolution in India was C) Green revolution
that its benefits were largely concentrated among wealthy D) Agricultural development
[Link]

landowners who had access to irrigation and could afford high- 09/03/2025 Shift-2
yielding variety (HYV) seeds, fertilizers, and pesticides. This led Answer: D
to increased economic disparities, as small and marginal The main focus of the First Five-Year Plan (1951–1956) in
farmers often struggled to compete and were left behind India was agricultural development. The plan aimed to increase
115. During which Five-Year Plan did the focus shift towards food production, improve irrigation facilities, and enhance rural
industrialisation rather than agriculture? development. It focused on boosting agriculture, which was the
A) Third Five-Year Plan B) Fifth Five-Year Plan backbone of the Indian economy at the time.
C) First Five-Year Plan D) Second Five-Year Plan 118. What was a significant limitation of the Indian financial
09/03/2025 Shift-2 system before the enactment of the Banking Companies Act, of
Answer: D 1949?
The focus of the Second Five-Year Plan (1956–1961) shifted A) There was no comprehensive statutory regulation for
towards industrialization, particularly heavy industries, rather commercial banks in India.
than agriculture. This plan, guided by economist PC B) Cooperative banks were banned in rural areas until the late
Mahalanobis, emphasized the development of industries like 20 century.
steel, machinery, and infrastructure to promote long-term C) The Reserve Bank of India did not have the authority to
economic growth. control monetary policy.
116. Infrastructure primarily refers to which of the following? D) The Companies Act of 1913 required high cash reserves for
A) Only government buildings banks, limiting their growth.
B) Facilities and systems necessary for economic activities 09/03/2025 Shift-2
C) Educational degrees Answer: A
D) Cultural events Before the Banking Companies Act of 1949, the Indian financial
09/03/2025 Shift-2 system lacked comprehensive regulation, leading to issues like
Answer: B inefficiency, lack of transparency, and inadequate supervision
Infrastructure refers to the essential facilities and systems of commercial banks. The Act helped to establish a more
required for the functioning of a society and economy. This organized and regulated banking sector.
includes transportation (roads, railways), utilities (water,

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119. In the Community Development Programme by the *Economic activities in rural areas are primarily based on
Government of India, __________ were identified as the primary sector activities (agriculture, forestry, etc.), not the
development unit and an infrastructure of technical and tertiary sector.
administrative staff provided to implement development *High population density is more characteristic of urban areas
programmes in different sectors. rather than rural settlements.
A) villages B) districts *High-rise buildings are typical of urban areas and are not
C) individuals D) a block of villages common in rural settlements.
09/03/2025 Shift-2 121. Which of the following approaches is associated with Prof.
[Link]

Answer: D Amartya Sen, as per which building human capabilities in the

In the Community Development Programme launched by the areas of health, education and access to resources is the key to
Government of India in 1952, a block of villages was identified human development?
as the development unit. The idea was to provide an A) Capability Approach B) Income Approach
infrastructure of technical and administrative staff at the block C) Basic Needs Approach D) Welfare Approach
level to implement various development programs in sectors 10/03/2025 Shift-1
such as agriculture, education, health, and rural infrastructure. Answer: A
This decentralized approach aimed to promote rural Prof. Amartya Sen's Capability Approach emphasizes that true
development by focusing on the needs and challenges of a human development occurs when individuals are empowered to
specific group of villages. enhance their capabilities in areas like health, education, and
120. Which of the following is a characteristic of rural access to resources. It focuses not just on economic indicators
settlements in India? but on creating conditions where people can lead fulfilling and
A) Limited access to infrastructure meaningful lives.
B) Economic activities are mainly based on tertiary sector 122. Which of the following are the main objectives of the
C) High population density Community Development Programme?
D) High-rise buildings 1. Due recognition was given to the importance of planning
09/03/2025 Shift-2 2. Recognition was also given to recruitment of trained
Answer: A personnel
In rural settlements in India, limited access to infrastructure is 3. It introduced modern technologies in agriculture
a common characteristic. Rural areas often face challenges A) Only 1 and 3 B) Only 2 and 3
related to basic infrastructure, such as reliable roads, healthcare C) Only 1 and 2 D) 1, 2 and 3
facilities, educational institutions, and sanitation services. 10/03/2025 Shift-1
While some rural areas have seen improvements over the years, Answer: D
many still struggle with these issues compared to urban areas. The Community Development Programme (CDP), launched in
The other options are less representative of rural settlements: India in 1952, had several key objectives, including:

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*Due recognition was given to the importance of planning: The to promote exports by providing various incentives to industries
programme emphasized the importance of planning for involved in export production, such as tax exemptions,
integrated rural development. simplified procedures, and infrastructure support. The success
*Recognition was also given to recruitment of trained of this zone later led to the establishment of more EPZs across
personnel: The programme highlighted the need for skilled the country.
manpower to implement development activities effectively. 125. Which of the following organisations promotes
*It introduced modern technologies in agriculture: The CDP globalisation?
aimed at improving agricultural practices through the A) WHO B) WTO
[Link]

introduction of modern technologies, which was part of its C) UNESCO D) UNCTAD

effort to increase productivity and enhance rural livelihoods. 10/03/2025 Shift-1
Thus, all three points were key components of the Community Answer: B
Development Programme. The WTO plays a key role in promoting globalization by
123. Which Five-Year Plan in India primarily focused on regulating international trade, ensuring that trade flows as
agriculture and irrigation to support the Green Revolution? smoothly, predictably, and freely as possible. It aims to
A) Third Five-Year Plan facilitate global trade through the reduction of trade barriers,
B) Fourth Five-Year Plan such as tariffs and quotas, and by establishing trade rules that
C) Second Five-Year Plan member countries must follow.
D) First Five-Year Plan 126. The Green Revolution in India began in which decade?
10/03/2025 Shift-1 A) 1970s B) 1950s
Answer: B C) 1960s D) 1980s
The Fourth Five-Year Plan (1969–1974) in India primarily 10/03/2025 Shift-1
focused on agriculture and irrigation to support the Green Answer: C
Revolution. This plan aimed to increase food production and The Green Revolution in India started in the 1960s,
reduce dependence on imports by promoting high-yielding transforming agriculture through the introduction of high-
variety (HYV) seeds, fertilizers, and modern farming yielding variety (HYV) seeds, improved irrigation techniques,
techniques. and the use of fertilizers and pesticides. This initiative
124. India’s first Export Processing Zone (EPZ) was established significantly boosted food grain production, especially wheat
in: and rice, and helped India achieve self-sufficiency in food.
A) Chennai B) Mumbai 127. Which organization is primarily responsible for promoting
C) Bengaluru D) Kandla free trade among nations?
10/03/2025 Shift-1 A) World Bank
Answer: D B) International Monetary Fund (IMF)
India's first Export Processing Zone (EPZ) was established in C) United Nations (UN)
Kandla, Gujarat, in 1965. The primary objective of the EPZ was D) World Trade Organization (WTO)

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10/03/2025 Shift-1 A) Delhi B) Bengaluru

Answer: D C) Mumbai D) Hyderabad
The World Trade Organization (WTO) is primarily responsible 10/03/2025 Shift-2
for promoting free trade among nations. It sets the global rules Answer: A
for trade, resolves trade disputes, and helps facilitate the According to the 2011 Census, Mumbai has the highest
smooth flow of goods and services across borders by reducing population density among Indian cities. It is one of the most
trade barriers. densely populated cities, with a large population living in a
128. Which of the following is NOT a feature of globalisation? relatively small area.
[Link]

A) Technological advancement 131. Which of the following sectors saw major reforms in the
B) Movement of labour 1991 economic liberalisation?
C) Protectionism A) Agriculture B) Industry and Trade
D) Free trade C) Education D) Healthcare
10/03/2025 Shift-2 10/03/2025 Shift-2
Answer: C Answer: B
Protectionism is the opposite of globalisation. It involves The 1991 economic liberalization in India brought major
imposing trade barriers such as tariffs, quotas, and restrictions reforms primarily in the industry and trade sectors. These
to protect domestic industries from foreign competition. reforms included reducing industrial licensing, reducing import
Globalisation, on the other hand, promotes free trade, tariffs, promoting foreign direct investment (FDI), and opening
movement of labor, and technological advancements to create up the economy to global markets. The aim was to encourage
interconnected economies. private sector participation, increase competition, and integrate
129. What does MSME stand for in the context of the industrial India into the global economy.
sector? 132. Which organisation(s) is/are known for providing
A) Medium, Scale and Micro Enterprises microfinance to rural communities in India?
B) Major, Small and Medium Enterprises A) Regional Rural Banks
C) Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises B) Reserve Bank of India
D) Medium, Small and Micro Enterprises C) UNESCO
10/03/2025 Shift-2 D) World Health Organization
Answer: C 10/03/2025 Shift-2
MSMEs play a vital role in the industrial and economic Answer: A
development of India. They contribute significantly to Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) are known for providing
employment generation, exports, and the overall GDP by microfinance to rural communities in India. They aim to provide
fostering entrepreneurship and innovation at smaller scales. financial services, including small loans, to the rural
130. Which city of India has the highest density, according to population, particularly to farmers, small entrepreneurs, and
Census 2011?

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low-income groups, to promote economic development in rural 10/03/2025 Shift-3

areas. Answer: B
133. The National Rural Employment Programme (NREP) was In the 1950s, the Indian government adopted a strategy of rapid
launched during which of the following five year plans? industrialization by implementing centrally prepared Five-Year
A) 7 Five Year Plan B) 5 Five Year Plan Plans. These plans focused on developing basic and heavy
C) 8 Five Year Plan D) 6 Five Year Plan industries, such as steel, chemicals, and machinery, to lay the
10/03/2025 Shift-3 foundation for economic growth and self-reliance.
Answer: D 136. Which of the following promotes cross-border movement
[Link]

The National Rural Employment Programme (NREP) was of resources?

launched during the Sixth Five Year Plan (1980-1985). It aimed A) Foreign direct investment
to generate additional employment opportunities in rural areas, B) Import restrictions
improve the quality of life, and create durable community assets C) Tariffs
to strengthen rural infrastructure. D) Quotas
134. When was the National Green Tribunal established in 10/03/2025 Shift-3
India? Answer: A
A) 2014 B) 2003 Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) promotes the cross-border
C) 2005 D) 2010 movement of resources by encouraging investment from foreign
10/03/2025 Shift-3 entities into a country's economy. This can include investments
Answer: D in infrastructure, businesses, and other sectors, leading to the
The National Green Tribunal (NGT) was established on October movement of capital, technology, and expertise across borders.
18, 2010, under the National Green Tribunal Act, 2010. It was It is a key driver of globalization and economic integration.
created to handle cases related to environmental protection and On the other hand, import restrictions, tariffs, and quotas
conservation of natural resources, ensuring speedy and effective generally serve to limit cross-border movement of goods and
resolution of environmental disputes. resources.
135. What was the primary strategy adopted by the Indian 137. What has been a major environmental challenge linked to
government in the 1950s for economic development? globalisation in India?
A) Encouraging private sector growth in basic and heavy A) Pollution and overuse of natural resources
industries B) Decrease in foreign investments due to regulations
B) Rapid industrialisation through centrally prepared five-year C) Increase in deforestation laws
plans D) Reduction in industrialisation
C) Developing the agricultural sector as the foundation of the 10/03/2025 Shift-3
economy Answer: A
D) Focusing on agricultural expansion and crop yield Globalisation in India has led to rapid industrialisation,
improvement urbanisation, and increased trade, which have put significant

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 [Link]/SRINIVASMech [Link]

pressure on natural resources. This has resulted in challenges B) Import Substitution Policy
like deforestation, air and water pollution, and the C) Nationalisation Policy
overexploitation of resources, impacting the environment and D) Socialist Policy
biodiversity. 11/03/2025 Shift-1
138. Which of the following is the main purpose of focusing on Answer: A
human development? The Liberalisation Policy, introduced as part of the 1991
A) To increase industrialisation economic reforms, aimed to open up India's economy to foreign
B) To ensure that individuals lead healthy, educated and investment and reduce restrictions on trade and industry. This
[Link]

productive lives policy encouraged foreign companies to invest in India by

C) To improve trade relations simplifying regulations, reducing tariffs, and creating a more
D) To promote economic growth only business-friendly environment.
10/03/2025 Shift-3 141. An area with a population of over 1 million is classified as
Answer: B a _______.
The main purpose of focusing on human development is to A) mega city B) metropolitan city
enhance people's overall well-being by improving their access C) suburban area D) district town
to education, healthcare, and opportunities for a better quality 11/03/2025 Shift-1
of life. It goes beyond just economic growth and focuses on Answer: B
improving human capabilities and life outcomes. An area with a population exceeding 1 million is classified as a
139. What is rural development? metropolitan city, which typically has advanced infrastructure,
A) Shifting rural people to urban areas diverse economic activities, and significant cultural and social
B) Improving the quality of life and economic well-being of importance. However, "mega city" often refers to cities with
people living in rural areas populations exceeding 10 million.
C) Industrialisation of rural areas 142. Which of the following was a major benefit of globalisation
D) Development of urban infrastructure for India after 1991?
10/03/2025 Shift-3 A) Reduced foreign investment
Answer: B B) Increased access to foreign markets
Rural development focuses on enhancing the overall quality of C) Isolation from global economies
life in rural areas by improving infrastructure, education, D) Decreased foreign trade
healthcare, access to resources, and economic opportunities. It 11/03/2025 Shift-1
aims to raise the standard of living and address poverty and Answer: B
inequality in rural regions. Globalisation after 1991 allowed India to integrate with the
140. Which policy was introduced to attract foreign companies global economy, leading to expanded trade opportunities,
to invest in India? foreign investments, and access to international markets. This
A) Liberalisation Policy

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transformation significantly boosted India's economic growth Answer: D

and positioned it as a key player in global trade The Green Revolution had a significant socio-economic impact
143. The Fifth Five Year Plan in India aimed for: on the rural areas of Punjab and Haryana. These states saw
A) industrial growth substantial increases in agricultural productivity, particularly in
B) employment generation wheat and rice, due to the adoption of high-yielding varieties,
C) eradication of poverty modern irrigation techniques, and the use of fertilizers and
D) promotion of cottage industries pesticides. This transformation led to economic growth and
11/03/2025 Shift-1 improved living standards in these regions.
[Link]

Answer: C 146. How did the 1991 reforms impact the public sector
The Fifth Five-Year Plan (1974–1979) in India primarily industries in India?
focused on the eradication of poverty and aimed at promoting A) Nationalisation of key private industries
social justice. It emphasized poverty alleviation programs, B) Encouraged disinvestment and reduced government control
employment generation, and improving the quality of life for C) Increased dominance of public sector enterprises
the disadvantaged sections of society. D) Creation of new public monopolies
144. Which economic model guided India’s planning approach 11/03/2025 Shift-2
during the 1950s and 1960s? Answer: B
A) Keynesian Model B) Mahalanobis Model The 1991 economic reforms marked a significant shift in India's
C) Gandhian Model D) Nehruvian Model approach to public sector industries. These reforms aimed to
11/03/2025 Shift-1 reduce government control and encourage disinvestment in
Answer: B public enterprises. The focus was on improving efficiency,
During the 1950s and 1960s, India’s planning approach was fostering competition, and allowing greater private sector
largely guided by the Mahalanobis Model, developed by participation in industries that were previously dominated by
economist Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis. This model focused public sector monopolies.
on promoting heavy industrialization and capital goods 147. In rural development, technology that can be added in
industries, with an emphasis on reducing the country’s development without displacing labour and at less expenditure
dependency on imports and fostering self-reliance in key is called _______.
sectors. A) labour displacement technology
145. The Green Revolution had a significant socio-economic B) capital intensive technology
impact on the rural areas of which two Indian states? C) capital displacement technology
A) Maharashtra and Gujarat D) labour intensive technology
B) Tamil Nadu and Kerala 11/03/2025 Shift-3
C) Bihar and Uttar Pradesh Answer: D
D) Punjab and Haryana In rural development, labour-intensive technology refers to
11/03/2025 Shift-1 technology that can be incorporated into development

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processes without displacing existing labor. It typically requires Answer: C

more human effort and lower capital investment, making it The poverty line is a measure used to estimate poverty levels
suitable for rural areas where labor is abundant and resources within a population. It represents the minimum income or
are limited. This type of technology is often considered more consumption level required for an individual to meet basic
sustainable in rural development, as it can create jobs while necessities like food, clothing, and shelter. In India, poverty
keeping costs lower. levels are often assessed using expenditure data and
148. What has been one of the key contributions of benchmarks set by government agencies.
globalisation to urban infrastructure development since 1991? 150. Self-Help Groups (SHGs) in rural areas are mainly
[Link]

A) Expansion of agriculture-related industries in cities established to:

B) Privatisation of metro rail systems in urban areas A) provide large corporate loans
C) Development of modern public transport systems, such as B) improve school enrolment
metro rail networks C) develop urban infrastructure
D) Construction of rural roads under the Pradhan Mantri Gram D) encourage savings and provide small loans among members
Sadak Yojana 11/03/2025 Shift-2
11/03/2025 Shift-2 Answer: D
Answer: C Self-Help Groups (SHGs) in rural areas are primarily established
One of the key contributions of globalisation to urban to encourage savings and provide small loans to their members,
infrastructure development since 1991 has been the typically for income-generating activities. These groups help
development of modern public transport systems, including empower individuals, particularly women, by promoting
metro rail networks in major cities. With the liberalisation of financial inclusion, fostering community support, and
the economy, there has been increased investment in urban improving access to credit.
infrastructure, including public transport systems, to address 151. What is meant by a 'depleted economy,' as observed in
the challenges of urbanisation, traffic congestion, and India at the time of independence?
environmental concerns. Metro rail networks in cities like A) An economy with no provisions to replace physical assets
Delhi, Kolkata, and Mumbai are examples of how globalisation that have deteriorated due to excessive use
has facilitated the modernization of urban infrastructure in B) An economy that relies heavily on agriculture with minimal
India. industrial development
149. Which of the following measures is commonly used to C) An economy that has a surplus of physical assets but lacks
estimate poverty levels? skilled labour
A) Gross domestic product D) An economy with a high level of foreign debt and reliance on
B) Consumer price index imports
C) Poverty line 11/03/2025 Shift-3
D) Exchange rate Answer: B
11/03/2025 Shift-2

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At the time of independence, India was characterized as a A) United Nations Development Programme
depleted economy due to its over-reliance on agriculture, which B) World Bank
was largely stagnant and unproductive. Industrial development C) World Health Organization
was minimal, with outdated technology and limited D) International Monetary Fund
diversification. Additionally, the colonial policies had drained 11/03/2025 Shift-3
India's resources, leaving the economy underdeveloped and Answer: A
struggling to meet the needs of its population. The Human Development Index (HDI) is published by the
152. According to 2001 Census, ______________ of Indians live United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). It is used to
[Link]

in about 7,89,201 villages. measure and compare the overall development of countries,
A) 63.86% B) 73.12% based on factors like life expectancy, education, and income
C) 72.22% D) 80.14% levels.
11/03/2025 Shift-3 155. The First Five Year Plan in India primarily focused on
Answer: C which sector?
According to the 2001 Census, approximately 73.12% of India's A) Industry B) Agriculture
population resided in rural areas, spread across about 7,89,201 C) Education D) Transport
villages. This highlights the significant rural demographic and 11/03/2025 Shift-3
the importance of rural development initiatives in the country. Answer: B
153. The ESG disclosures under SEBI’s BRSR requirements are The First Five Year Plan in India (1951–1956) primarily focused
intended to improve compliance in which of the following on the agricultural sector. The plan aimed to increase food
areas? production, improve irrigation, and address the food security
A) Environmental, Social and Governance standards needs of the country. The focus was on boosting agricultural
B) Ethical, Sustainable and Governance standards productivity to support the growing population and strengthen
C) Ethical, Social and Governance standards the economy.
D) Environmental, Sustainable and Governance standards 156. Which of the following best describes the purpose of the
11/03/2025 Shift-3 industrial licensing system introduced by the Indian
Answer: A government in the 1950s?
SEBI's Business Responsibility and Sustainability Reporting A) To control the expansion and activities of private
(BRSR) framework focuses on enhancing compliance with enterprises, ensuring alignment with the national planners’
Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) standards. It aims goals and limiting competition from foreign industries
to promote transparency and accountability among listed B) To dismantle trade protection and encourage a free-market
entities by requiring detailed disclosures related to approach, reducing government intervention in the private
sustainability practices and ESG activities. sector
154. Which of the following organisations publish the Human C) To allow private firms the freedom to expand capacity and
Development Index? change input mixes freely, promoting rapid industrial growth

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D) To create a competitive environment by encouraging private Answer: B

enterprises to compete with efficient foreign producers After the 1991 economic reforms in India, Foreign Direct
12/03/2025 Shift-1 Investment (FDI) was allowed in selected sectors, but with
Answer: A certain limitations and restrictions. The government opened up
The industrial licensing system, introduced under the Industries several industries to foreign investment, but with conditions
(Development and Regulation) Act of 1951, was designed to such as limits on the percentage of foreign ownership in certain
regulate and control industrial development in India. This sectors, particularly in areas like defense, retail, and
system ensured that private enterprises operated in alignment telecommunications. This was part of the liberalization process
[Link]

with the objectives of the national planners, focusing on to encourage economic growth while still maintaining some
equitable growth and self-reliance. It also aimed to protect control over strategic sectors.
domestic industries from foreign competition by limiting their 159. Which of the following is the cheapest and most suitable
entry into certain sectors. mode of transport for carrying heavy and bulky material?
157. In which year did India discontinue the Five Year Plan A) Roadways B) Railways
model? C) Airways D) Waterways
A) 2019 B) 2017 12/03/2025 Shift-1
C) 2012 D) 2015 Answer: D
12/03/2025 Shift-1 Waterways are the most cost-effective and suitable mode of
Answer: B transport for heavy and bulky materials, especially over long
India discontinued the Five-Year Plan model in 2017 when the distances. They are ideal for transporting goods like coal, steel,
NITI Aayog (National Institution for Transforming India) and grain and are widely used for international and coastal
replaced the Planning Commission. The government shifted trade.
from the traditional Five-Year Plan model to a more flexible and 160. Which sector of the economy involves industries and
decentralized approach, focusing on long-term and sustainable manufacturing?
development goals rather than fixed-term planning. The new A) Secondary B) Tertiary
approach emphasizes sectoral growth, focusing on immediate C) Informal D) Primary
priorities and challenges rather than a rigid five-year 12/03/2025 Shift-1
framework. Answer: A
158. After the 1991 reforms, foreign direct investment (FDI) The secondary sector of the economy involves industries and
was allowed in: manufacturing. This sector is responsible for transforming raw
A) all sectors without restrictions materials into finished goods through processes such as
B) selected sectors with limitations production, construction, and manufacturing. It includes
C) agriculture only industries like textiles, steel, chemicals, and automotive
D) education only manufacturing.
12/03/2025 Shift-1

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161. Which initiative in the 1960s marked the beginning of 164. What is the RBI’s target inflation rate in 2024?
technological advancement in agriculture in India? A) 3% B) 4%
A) Land Reforms B) New Industrial Policy C) 6% D) 5%
C) Industrial Licensing D) Green Revolution 12/03/2025 Shift-2
12/03/2025 Shift-1 Answer: B
Answer: D The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has set a medium-term target
The Green Revolution, which began in the 1960s, marked the inflation rate of 4%, with a tolerance band of +/- 2%. This
beginning of technological advancement in agriculture in India. means the inflation rate can range between 2% and 6% while
[Link]

It introduced high-yielding varieties of seeds, chemical still aligning with the RBI's objectives
fertilizers, pesticides, and modern irrigation techniques, 165. Which of the following was a direct consequence of the
significantly increasing agricultural productivity, particularly in Foreign Exchange Regulation Act (FERA) of 1973 on India’s
wheat and rice production. industrial sector?
162. Which of the following activities is included in the service A) Restrictions on foreign ownership in Indian companies
sector? B) Increased foreign investment in manufacturing
A) Construction B) Mining C) Promotion of agricultural exports
C) Banking D) Farming D) Encouragement of export-oriented industries
12/03/2025 Shift-1 12/03/2025 Shift-2
Answer: C Answer: A
Banking is part of the service sector, which includes activities The Foreign Exchange Regulation Act (FERA) of 1973 imposed
that provide services rather than goods. Other examples of the strict regulations on foreign ownership in Indian companies. It
service sector include education, healthcare, retail, and limited the equity share of foreign entities in Indian businesses
transportation. Construction and mining are part of the to a maximum of 40%, aiming to conserve foreign exchange
industrial sector, while farming falls under the primary sector. and promote self-reliance. This act significantly influenced the
163. Which of the following Sustainable Development Goals of industrial sector by restricting foreign control and encouraging
United Nations deals with 'reduced inequalities'? domestic participation.
A) Goal 11 B) Goal 10 166. Which sector contributed the most to India's GDP growth
C) Goal 9 D) Goal 8 after 1991?
12/03/2025 Shift-2 A) Industry B) Mining
Answer: B C) Services D) Agriculture
The Sustainable Development Goal of the United Nations that 12/03/2025 Shift-2
deals with "reduced inequalities" is: B) Goal 10. Answer: C
Goal 10 aims to reduce inequalities within and among After the 1991 economic reforms, the services sector emerged
countries, focusing on ensuring equal opportunities and as the major driver of India's GDP growth. This sector, including
promoting social, economic, and political inclusion for all. industries like information technology (IT),

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telecommunications, finance, and retail, saw rapid expansion B) Maintaining an agrarian economy with limited industrial
due to liberalization, globalization, and technological growth
advancements. The services sector became the largest C) Reducing dependency on the information technology sector
contributor to India's GDP, significantly outpacing other sectors D) Eliminating foreign trade to boost domestic production
like agriculture and industry. 12/03/2025 Shift-3
167. As part of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, Answer: A
in 2015, all United Nations member countries adopted 17 goals Dr. Manmohan Singh, as the Finance Minister during India's
and ______ targets. 1991 economic reforms, emphasized the importance of
[Link]

A) 170 B) 210 achieving significant growth in both the services and

C) 169 D) 218 manufacturing sectors. The reforms aimed at liberalizing the
12/03/2025 Shift-3 economy, encouraging foreign investment, promoting exports,
Answer: C and expanding the industrial and service sectors, which
As part of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, in eventually played a crucial role in India’s economic growth
2015, all United Nations member countries adopted 17 goals post-1991. This approach shifted the focus from a primarily
and 169 targets. agrarian economy to a more diversified one, with a stronger
So, the correct answer is: C) 169. emphasis on industrialization and services, especially
168. Unemployment that arises when people are between jobs information technology.
is known as: 170. Which of the following measures helped India integrate
A) seasonal unemployment with the global economy in 1991?
B) underemployment A) Withdrawal from global trade agreements
C) frictional unemployment B) Liberalisation of foreign trade policies
D) structural unemployment C) Increasing restrictions on foreign investment
12/03/2025 Shift-3 D) Introduction of trade barriers
Answer: C 12/03/2025 Shift-3
Frictional unemployment refers to the temporary Answer: B
unemployment that occurs when people are between jobs or are In 1991, India implemented significant economic reforms,
entering the workforce for the first time. It is often short-term including the liberalisation of foreign trade policies. These
and occurs as individuals transition from one job to another or measures reduced restrictions on imports and exports,
search for a job that better matches their skills or interests. encouraged foreign investment, and opened up the Indian
169. What was the primary economic focus of India’s economy to global markets. This was a pivotal step in
development since the 1991 reforms, as highlighted by Dr. integrating India with the global economy.
Manmohan Singh? 171. Why is investment in education considered to be a part of
A) Achieving significant growth in services and manufacturing social infrastructure?
sectors A) It enhances industrial output.

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B) It promotes trade. key industries. It classified industries into three categories:

C) It improves the skills and productivity of the workforce. those exclusively managed by the state, those progressively
D) It reduces government revenue. state-owned, and those left to private enterprise under
12/03/2025 Shift-3 regulation. This policy laid the foundation for India's mixed
Answer: C economy and focused on reducing regional disparities and
Investment in education is considered part of social promoting equitable growth.
infrastructure because it helps develop the skills and knowledge 174. What was the primary reason for the slow growth of the
of the population. This, in turn, improves workforce secondary sector in India before 1991?
[Link]

productivity, promotes economic growth, and enhances the A) Lack of raw materials
overall quality of life. Social infrastructure focuses on the well- B) Heavy government regulations and licensing policies
being of people and includes education, healthcare, and other C) Excessive private sector competition
essential services. D) Limited demand for industrial goods
172. The Green Revolution, which began in the 1960s, 17/03/2025 Shift-1
primarily focused on which of the following crops? Answer: B
A) Cotton and Sugarcane B) Fruits and Vegetables Before 1991, the slow growth of the secondary (industrial)
C) Maize and Millet D) Wheat and Rice sector in India was primarily due to heavy government
12/03/2025 Shift-3 regulations and licensing policies. The Indian government
Answer: D implemented a License Raj, which required businesses to obtain
The Green Revolution, which began in the 1960s, primarily government licenses for starting and expanding industrial
focused on improving the productivity of staple crops like wheat ventures. This created bureaucratic hurdles, restricted private
and rice through the use of high-yielding varieties, chemical sector growth, and limited the overall development of the
fertilizers, and modern farming techniques. This helped industrial sector.
increase food production and address food security issues in In addition, the emphasis was on public sector enterprises and
India. there were restrictions on foreign investments, which further
173. What was the primary aim of the Industrial Policy slowed down industrial growth. This was one of the key reasons
Resolution of 1956? why India's industrial sector struggled to grow rapidly until the
A) To promote free trade economic reforms of 1991.
B) To prioritise the IT sector 175. What is human development?
C) To establish a socialist pattern of society A) Increasing population growth
D) To increase private investment in all sectors B) Development of machines
17/03/2025 Shift-1 C) Improving the quality of life, education and health of people
Answer: C D) Industrial growth
The Industrial Policy Resolution of 1956 aimed to create a 17/03/2025 Shift-1
socialist pattern of society by emphasizing state control over Answer: C

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Human development focuses on enhancing people's well-being The primary sector is primarily involved in agriculture, natural
by improving their standard of living, access to education, resource extraction, and activities that involve the direct
healthcare, and opportunities for a better quality of life. It goes harvesting of natural resources, such as fishing, mining, and
beyond just economic growth to consider social and cultural forestry.
factors that contribute to people's overall development. 179. As per the 'State of Economy' report in the RBI bulletin,
176. What is the percentage of urban population of India in H1 FY25, what fraction of the gross FDI inflows was sourced
according to the 2011 Census? from Singapore, Mauritius, the UAE, the Netherlands and the
A) 41.16% B) 35.16% US?
[Link]

C) 31.16% D) 25.16% A) One-third B) Three-fourths

17/03/2025 Shift-2 C) Half D) Two-thirds
Answer: C 17/03/2025 Shift-2
According to the 2011 Census, 31.16% of India's population Answer: B
lived in urban areas. This marked a significant increase in In the first half of the financial year 2024-25 (H1 FY25), gross
urbanization compared to previous decades, reflecting the Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows into India surged to
country's shift towards industrialization and urban $14.3 billion, a 37.6% increase from the $10.4 billion received
development. in the same period the previous year. Major source countries—
177. Which economist's ideas had a strong influence on the Singapore, Mauritius, the UAE, the Netherlands, and the US—
agricultural and industrial focus of the Second Five Year Plan? collectively accounted for about three-fourths of these inflows.
A) PC Mahalanobis B) Manmohan Singh
C) Amartya Sen D) Jagdish Bhagwati This indicates that approximately three-fourths of the gross FDI
17/03/2025 Shift-2 inflows were sourced from these five countries. Therefore, the
Answer: A correct answer is: B) Three-fourths.
PC Mahalanobis, an eminent Indian economist, had a strong 180. Which of the following are the types of Rural Development
influence on the agricultural and industrial focus of the Second Strategies?
Five Year Plan. He advocated for a strategy of industrialization 1. Strategy based on collectivization of resources
with an emphasis on heavy industries, and his ideas helped 2. Strategy based on regulated capitalist perspective
shape the focus on industrial growth during that period. 3. Strategy based on peasant agrarian perspective
178. Which sector is primarily involved in agriculture and A) Only 2 and 3 B) Only 1 and 3
natural resource extraction? C) Only 1 and 2 D) 1, 2 and 3
A) Quaternary B) Tertiary 17/03/2025 Shift-2
C) Primary D) Secondary Answer: D
17/03/2025 Shift-2 These three strategies represent different approaches to rural
Answer: C development:

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*Strategy based on collectivization of resources focuses on 183. Which of the following options best describes India’s
pooling resources to achieve equitable growth and enhance the economic strategy between 1947 and 1991?
quality of life in rural areas. A) Liberalisation and Globalisation
*Strategy based on regulated capitalist perspective emphasizes B) Export Promotion
the role of the market with regulatory oversight to ensure C) Import Substitution Industrialisation
fairness and sustainability in rural development. D) Free-market Economy
*Strategy based on peasant agrarian perspective prioritizes 17/03/2025 Shift-3
empowering small-scale farmers and strengthening the agrarian Answer: C
[Link]

economy to drive rural growth. Between 1947 and 1991, India followed an economic strategy
181. Jamshedpur is an ideal location for which of the following known as Import Substitution Industrialisation (ISI). This
types of industries? strategy aimed to reduce dependency on foreign imports by
A) Cotton Textile Industry B) Dairy Industry encouraging domestic production of goods that were previously
C) Paper and Pulp Industry D) Iron and Steel Industry imported. The government focused on promoting industrial
17/03/2025 Shift-2 growth, particularly in sectors such as heavy industry, through
Answer: D protectionist policies like tariffs, import controls, and state-
Jamshedpur is an ideal location for the Iron and Steel Industry owned enterprises. This approach was meant to foster self-
due to its proximity to key raw materials like iron ore, coal, and sufficiency and reduce foreign dependence.
water, which are essential for steel production. It is home to 184. What is a key difference between economic growth and
Tata Steel, one of India's largest steel manufacturing economic development?
companies. A) Economic development focuses on quantity, while growth
182. What was the primary focus of the economic policies focuses on quality.
adopted by the colonial government in India? B) Economic development measures exports only.
A) Encouragement of indigenous entrepreneurship C) Economic growth is broader and includes development.
B) Security and promotion of the economic interests of Britain D) Economic growth refers to output increase, while
C) Estimating national and per capita income accurately development includes social progress.
D) Development of agriculture and local industries 17/03/2025 Shift-3
17/03/2025 Shift-3 Answer: D
Answer: B Economic growth focuses primarily on an increase in a country's
The colonial government's economic policies were primarily output, typically measured by metrics like GDP or production
designed to serve Britain's interests. India was transformed into levels. On the other hand, economic development encompasses
a supplier of raw materials for British industries and a market broader aspects, such as improvements in education,
for their finished goods. This approach led to the stagnation of healthcare, income distribution, and overall quality of life,
agriculture, the decline of indigenous industries, and making it more comprehensive.
widespread poverty.

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185. What role does gender equality play in human advanced farming techniques, helped increase India's food
development? production and achieve food security.
A) Ensures equal access to resources improving overall societal 188. According to Basic Road Statistics in India-2018-19,
progress National Highways constitutes __________ of the total road
B) Reduces government expenditure network in the country.
C) Reduces population growth rates A) 12.90% B) 08.40%
D) Leads to higher industrial output C) 02.09% D) 22.10%
17/03/2025 Shift-3 18/03/2025 Shift-1
[Link]

Answer: A Answer: C
Gender equality is a cornerstone of human development As per the Basic Road Statistics in India-2018-19, National
because it promotes equal opportunities for all genders to Highways constitute 2.09% of the total road network in the
access resources like education, healthcare, and employment. country. Despite their small share in the overall network, they
This inclusivity leads to broader societal advancements, such as play a crucial role in facilitating long-distance and inter-state
reducing poverty, fostering sustainable economic growth, and connectivity.
creating more cohesive communities. 189. The United Nations Millennium Development Goals
186. Which state has the highest sex ratio in India, according (MDGs) were announced in the year _______________.
to the 2011 census? A) 2004 B) 2002
A) Tamil Nadu B) Rajasthan C) 2003 D) 2000
C) Haryana D) Kerala 18/03/2025 Shift-1
17/03/2025 Shift-3 Answer: D
Answer: D The United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
According to the 2011 Census, Kerala had the highest sex ratio were announced in the year: D) 2000.
in India, with 1,084 females for every 1,000 males. This These goals were established at the Millennium Summit in
reflects the state's strong progress in areas like healthcare, September 2000 to address key global challenges, with a target
education, and social welfare. to achieve them by 2015.
187. Who is known as the ‘Father of the Green Revolution’ in 190. Which of the following can be considered as a long-term
India? impact of the globalisation policies of 1991 on India’s
A) Verghese Kurien B) MS Swaminathan economic structure?
C) Norman Borlaug D) Jawaharlal Nehru A) Shift towards a service-based economy
17/03/2025 Shift-3 B) Dominance of agriculture in GDP contribution
Answer: B C) Isolation from international trade
Dr. M.S. Swaminathan is known as the 'Father of the Green D) Complete elimination of poverty
Revolution' in India. His contributions to agricultural science, 18/03/2025 Shift-1
particularly the introduction of high-yielding variety seeds and Answer: A

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The globalisation policies of 1991 significantly transformed Answer: A

India's economic structure, leading to a shift towards a service- The Phase of pulling up agriculture in India is generally
based economy. These reforms opened up the economy to associated with the Late 1960s - 1970s. This period marks the
international trade and investment, fostering growth in sectors beginning of the Green Revolution, which introduced high-
like IT, telecommunications, and financial services. This shift yielding variety (HYV) seeds, chemical fertilizers, and modern
contributed to India's emergence as a global hub for services, irrigation techniques, significantly improving agricultural
particularly in technology and outsourcing. productivity and food security in India. The Green Revolution
191. Which of the following is NOT a component of land was especially impactful in the late 1960s and 1970s, leading
[Link]

reforms? to a transformation in India's agricultural sector.

A) Land ceiling B) Tenancy reforms 193. Why is literacy an important component of human
C) Industrial privatisation D) Abolition of development?
intermediaries A) It directly increases Gross Domestic Product.
18/03/2025 Shift-1 B) It reduces population growth.
Answer: C C) It ensures higher agricultural productivity.
Industrial privatisation is not a component of land reforms. D) It empowers individuals to make informed decisions and
Land reforms primarily focus on agricultural land and aim to improves employment opportunities.
improve the distribution of land, enhance productivity, and 18/03/2025 Shift-1
ensure social equity. Key components of land reforms include: Answer: D
*Land ceiling: Limiting the amount of land a person can own to Literacy is a crucial component of human development because
prevent concentration of land in the hands of a few. it enables individuals to access knowledge, make informed
*Tenancy reforms: Protecting tenant farmers, ensuring security decisions, and improve their overall quality of life. It also
of tenure, and giving them rights over the land they cultivate. enhances employment opportunities and helps people
*Abolition of intermediaries: Eliminating middlemen who acted contribute more effectively to economic and social
as landlords and ensuring direct ownership of land by actual development.
cultivators. 194. The Green Revolution in India was aimed at improving
Industrial privatisation pertains to the transfer of state-owned which of the following?
industries to the private sector, which is unrelated to land A) Urban infrastructure
reforms. B) Agricultural productivity
192. Which of the following period is considered as Phase of C) International trade
pulling up agriculture in the context of economic development D) Industrial growth
in India? 18/03/2025 Shift-1
A) Late 1960s - 1970s B) Late 1970 - 1980 Answer: B
C) mid 1950 - mid 1960 D) Late 1980 - 1990 The Green Revolution in India, which began in the 1960s, was
18/03/2025 Shift-1 primarily aimed at improving agricultural productivity through

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 [Link]/SRINIVASMech [Link]

the use of high-yielding variety seeds, chemical fertilizers, A) 1903 B) 1965

pesticides, and advanced irrigation techniques. This initiative C) 1947 D) 1907
significantly increased food production, particularly in wheat 18/03/2025 Shift-2
and rice. Answer: D
195. Which of the following countries was the first to adopt the Tata Iron and Steel Company Limited (TISCO), now known as
concept of Gross National Happiness Index? Tata Steel, was established on August 26, 1907 in Jamshedpur,
A) India B) Bhutan Jharkhand. It was founded by Jamsetji Tata and later developed
C) Sri Lanka D) Mauritius under the leadership of Dorabji Tata.
[Link]

18/03/2025 Shift-2 198. 105) As per Census of India 2011, towns with a population
Answer: B of over ____________ are categorised as cities.
Bhutan was the first country to adopt the concept of the Gross A) 1,00,000 B) 50,000
National Happiness (GNH) Index. This philosophy was C) 20,000 D) 75,000
introduced in 1972 by the 4th King of Bhutan, Jigme Singye 18/03/2025 Shift-2
Wangchuck, as an alternative to Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Answer: A
It emphasizes holistic development by balancing material and As per the Census of India 2011, towns with a population of
non-material aspects of well-being, focusing on sustainable over 1,00,000 are categorized as cities. This classification
development, cultural preservation, environmental helps in understanding urbanization levels and planning for
conservation, and good governance. infrastructure and services accordingly.
196. Which of the following was a significant problem faced by 199. Which of the following is/are an example of economic
the agricultural sector in India around 1947? infrastructure?
A) Surplus production A) Roads and bridges B) Schools
B) Dependence on monsoons C) Museums D) Parks
C) High productivity levels 18/03/2025 Shift-2
D) Modern farming techniques Answer: A
18/03/2025 Shift-2 Economic infrastructure refers to the basic physical and
Answer: B organizational structures needed for the functioning of an
Around 1947, India's agricultural sector heavily relied on economy. Among the options provided:
monsoons for irrigation due to the lack of modern irrigation  A) Roads and bridges are examples of economic
facilities. This dependence made agriculture highly vulnerable infrastructure because they facilitate transportation,
to erratic rainfall, leading to frequent crop failures and food trade, and connectivity, which are critical for
shortages. Additionally, outdated farming techniques and economic activities.
fragmented landholdings further hindered productivity. The others—Schools, Museums, and Parks—fall under social
197. When was Tata Iron and Steel Company Limited (TISCO) infrastructure as they focus on improving quality of life,
established?

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education, culture, and recreation rather than directly C) It was a net exporter of industrial products.
supporting economic functions. D) It was primarily an agricultural economy with most of the
So the correct answer is A) Roads and bridges. population dependent on agriculture.
200. Which state in India was one of the first to benefit from 18/03/2025 Shift-2
the Green Revolution? Answer: D
A) West Bengal B) Bihar On the eve of independence in 1947, India’s economy was
C) Punjab D) Kerala primarily agrarian, with the majority of the population relying
18/03/2025 Shift-2 on agriculture for their livelihood. The country was not highly
[Link]

Answer: C industrialized, and the agricultural sector dominated the

Punjab was one of the first states in India to benefit from the economy.
Green Revolution. The state experienced significant increases 203. Name the author who wrote the famous book on
in agricultural productivity, particularly in wheat and rice, due economics called 'Arthashastra'.
to the adoption of high-yielding variety seeds, modern A) Kautilya B) Bharavi
irrigation techniques, and the use of chemical fertilizers and C) Kuntaka D) Matanga Muni
pesticides. 18/03/2025 Shift-2
201. What does Human Development Index measure to assess Answer: A
development? Kautilya, also known as Chanakya, is the author of the famous
A) Industrial output book Arthashastra, which is an ancient Indian treatise on
B) Population density statecraft, economic policy, and military strategy.
C) Education, health and income levels 204. The Government of India initiated and announced the
D) Economic growth only policy of Special Economic Zones to attract foreign investments
18/03/2025 Shift-2 in business. This was announced in the year ________.
Answer: C A) 2002 B) 2007
The Human Development Index (HDI) measures development C) 2000 D) 2005
based on three key dimensions: education (average years of 18/03/2025 Shift-3
schooling and expected years of schooling), health (life Answer: C
expectancy at birth), and income (Gross National Income per The Government of India initiated and announced the policy of
capita). It provides a broader view of development beyond just Special Economic Zones (SEZs) to attract foreign investments
economic growth. in business in the year: C) 2000.
202. What was the primary characteristic of the Indian This policy aimed to promote exports, create job opportunities,
economy on the eve of independence in 1947? and encourage investment by offering a conducive environment
A) It was a highly industrialised economy with a strong for businesses.
manufacturing sector.
B) It had a well-developed banking and financial system.

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205. In 2011, the sex ratio (number of females per 1000 males)
at all India level was 943 and the same for rural areas was
______________.
A) 931 B) 949
C) 929 D) 952
18/03/2025 Shift-3
Answer: B
In the 2011 Census, the sex ratio in rural areas of India was
[Link]

recorded as 949 females per 1000 males, which was higher

than the overall national average of 943.
206. What was a key feature of the economic reforms in India
after 1991?
A) Decreased private sector involvement
B) Strict control over foreign investments
C) Nationalisation of industries
D) Liberalisation of trade policies
18/03/2025 Shift-3
Answer: D
The economic reforms in India after 1991, often referred to as
the "1991 Economic Reforms," focused on liberalizing the
economy. This included reducing trade barriers, opening up to
foreign investments, and encouraging private sector
participation. The aim was to integrate India more into the
global economy, enhance competition, and improve overall
economic efficiency.

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