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Class10 Science Revision Notes

The document covers key concepts in Class 10 Science, including definitions and important processes related to life functions such as nutrition, respiration, and excretion. It also discusses the human eye, light phenomena, and the properties of acids, bases, and salts, along with relevant chemical equations and pH values. Additionally, it provides insights into various types of nutrition, respiration, and the behavior of light in different contexts.

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adityayadav162020
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11 views3 pages

Class10 Science Revision Notes

The document covers key concepts in Class 10 Science, including definitions and important processes related to life functions such as nutrition, respiration, and excretion. It also discusses the human eye, light phenomena, and the properties of acids, bases, and salts, along with relevant chemical equations and pH values. Additionally, it provides insights into various types of nutrition, respiration, and the behavior of light in different contexts.

Uploaded by

adityayadav162020
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Final Revision Notes – Class 10 Science

Life Processes
**Definitions**:

- Nutrition: Process of taking food and using it for energy, growth, and repair.

- Respiration: Breakdown of food to release energy.

- Transportation: Movement of substances like water, minerals, and food within the body.

- Excretion: Removal of metabolic waste products from the body.

**Important Concepts**:

- Autotrophic Nutrition: Organisms (like plants) make their own food (photosynthesis).

- Heterotrophic Nutrition: Organisms (like humans) depend on others for food.

- Types of respiration: Aerobic (with oxygen), Anaerobic (without oxygen).

- Double Circulation: Blood flows through the heart twice in one cycle (pulmonary and
systemic).

- Role of Bile: Emulsifies fats and neutralizes stomach acids.

**Equations**:

- Photosynthesis: 6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂

- Aerobic Respiration: Glucose + O₂ → CO₂ + H₂O + Energy

- Anaerobic Respiration (muscles): Glucose → Lactic acid + Energy

The Human Eye and the Colourful World


**Definitions**:

- Accommodation: Eye lens adjusting focal length to focus near or far objects.

- Myopia: Near-sightedness; corrected with concave lens.

- Hypermetropia: Far-sightedness; corrected with convex lens.


- Presbyopia: Age-related defect; corrected with bifocal lenses.

- Power of lens: Ability to converge/diverge light; P = 100/f (f in cm), unit = Dioptre (D).

- Refraction: Bending of light as it passes from one medium to another.

- Dispersion: Splitting of white light into 7 colours.

- Atmospheric Refraction: Causes twinkling of stars, early sunrise.

- Scattering: Causes sky to appear blue.

**Important Phenomena**:

- Twinkling of stars: Due to atmospheric refraction.

- Rainbow formation: Due to dispersion, refraction, and total internal reflection.

- Blue sky and red sunset: Due to scattering.

Acids, Bases and Salts


**Definitions**:

- Acid: Produces H⁺ ions in solution.

- Base: Produces OH⁻ ions in solution.

- Salt: Formed from neutralization of acid and base.

- Indicator: Shows color change in acid/base (e.g., litmus, phenolphthalein).

- Neutralization: Acid + Base → Salt + Water

- pH: Scale to measure acidity/basicity (0-14).

**Important Reactions**:

- Acid + Base → Salt + Water

- Metal + Acid → Salt + Hydrogen gas

- Metal carbonate + Acid → Salt + CO₂ + H₂O

- Baking soda preparation: NaCl + NH₃ + CO₂ + H₂O → NaHCO₃ + NH₄Cl

- Baking soda decomposition: 2NaHCO₃ → Na₂CO₃ + CO₂ + H₂O


**Chemical Names & Formulas**:

- HCl: Hydrochloric acid

- H₂SO₄: Sulphuric acid

- NaOH: Sodium hydroxide

- NaCl: Sodium chloride (table salt)

- NaHCO₃: Baking soda

- Na₂CO₃·10H₂O: Washing soda

- CaOCl₂: Bleaching powder

- CaSO₄·½H₂O: Plaster of Paris

**pH Values**:

- 0-3: Strong acid

- 4-6: Weak acid

- 7: Neutral

- 8-10: Weak base

- 11-14: Strong base

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