A[: :4, : :3]
11 2 3 56 14
40 52 16 12 20
70 8 9 32 22
18 30 17 44 49
25 55 66 78 82
Negative Index
(-2th row ), (-5th column and -3rd 1column, -1st column)
A[-2:-3, -5::2]
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1
-5 11 2 3 56 14
-4 40 52 16 12 20
-3 70 8 9 32 22
-2 18 30 17 44 49
-1 25 55 66 78 82
A. Broadcasting Methods of NumPy:
i. eye() or identity() Function
The eye() function creates a 2D array and fills the elements in the diagonal with
1s.
Syntax: eye(n, dtype=datatype)
This function will create an array with n rows and n columns with diagonal elements as
1s.The default data type is float. For Ex:
import numpy
a=numpy.eye(3)
print(a)
output-
[ [ 1. 0. 0.]
[ 0. 1. 0.]
[0. 0. 1.] ]
ii. zeros() function in 2D array:
This function is used to create two dimensional array with the 0 as default
value and default data type is float. For Example:
import numpy
Q = numpy.zeros([3,2], dtype = int)
Z = numpy.zeros([4,4], dtype = float)
print(Q)
print(Z)
Output- [[0 0]
[0 0]
[0 0]]
[[0. 0. 0. 0.]
[0. 0. 0. 0.]
[0. 0. 0. 0.]
[0. 0. 0. 0.]]
iii. ones() function in 2D array:
This function will be used to create the array with 1 as default value for each of
individual defined element.
Example:
import numpy
Q = numpy.ones([3,2], dtype = int)
Z = numpy.ones([4,4], dtype = float)
print(Q)
print(Z)
Output-
[[1 1]
[1 1]
[1 1]]
[[1. 1. 1. 1.]
[1. 1. 1. 1.]
[1. 1. 1. 1.]
[1. 1. 1. 1.]]
B. Joins in Array:
We can join array in numpy by following method-
1. Concatenate()
2. hstack()
3. vstack()
1. concatenate()
Is used to join more than one array but the array must be of the same shape
Example:
import numpy as np
a=np.array([2,3,4,50])
b=np.array([8, 9,10,11,15])
c=np.concatenate([a,b])
print (c) #Output: [2 3 4 50 8 9 10 11 15]
import numpy as np
a=np.array([[2,3,4],[4,5,6],[7,8,9]])
b=np.concatenate([a,a],axis=1) #concatenate array a with array a column wise
print (b)
Output: [ [2 3 4 2 3 4]
[4 5 6 4 5 6]
[7 8 9 7 8 9] ]
Example-2
import numpy as np
a=np.array([[2,3,4],[4,5,6],[7,8,9]])
b=np.concatenate([a,a],axis=0) #concatenate array a with array a row wise
print (b)
Output: [ [2 3 4]
[4 5 6]
[7 8 9]
[2 3 4]
[4 5 6]
[7 8 9] ]
2. hstack()
It is used to join more than one array horizontally or row wise.
Example:
import numpy as np
a=np.array([1,2,3])
b=np.array([10,11,12])
c=np.hstack((a,b))
print (c) Output: [1 2 3 10 11 12]
3. vstack()
It is used to join more than one array vertically or column wise.
Example:
import numpy as np
a=np.array([1,2,3])
b=np.array([10,11,12])
c=np.vstack((a,b))
print (c) Output : [[1 2 3 ]
[10 11 12]]
Array subsets
We can get subsets of a numpy array by using any of the following-
1. split()
2. hsplit()
3. vsplit()
split():
It is used to split a numpy array into equal or unequal parts.
import numpy as np
x = [1, 2, 3, 99, 99, 3, 2, 1]
x1, x2, x3 = np.split(x, [3, 5]) #split array into 3 subsets like- [0 : 3], [3 : 5] and [5 : ]
print(x1, x2, x3)
Output-[1 2 3] [99 99] [3 2 1]
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
hsplit()
It is used to provide the subsets of an array after splitting it horizontally.
import numpy as np
a= np.arange(16).reshape((4, 4))
print( a)
Output-
array([[ 0, 1, 2, 3],
left
right
0
1
2
3
[ 4, 5, 6, 7],
[ 8, 9, 10, 11],
[12, 13, 14, 15]])
0 1 2 3
Example:
left, right = np.hsplit(a, 2) 4 5 6 7
print(left)
print(right) 8 9 10 11
Output-
12 13 14 15
[[ 0 1]
left right
[ 4 5]
[ 8 9]
[12 13]]
[[ 2 3]
[ 6 7]
[10 11]
[14 15]]
vsplit()
It is used to provide the subsets of an array after splitting it vertically.
Example:-
import nump as np
a= np.arange(16).reshape((4, 4))
print (a)
Output- array([[ 0, 1, 2, 3],
[ 4, 5, 6, 7],
[ 8, 9, 10, 11],
[12, 13, 14, 15]])
Example:
top, bottom = np.vsplit(a, 2)
print(top)
0 1 2 3 Top
print(bottom)
4 5 6 7
Output- 8 9 10 11 Bottom
[[0 1 2 3] 12 13 14 15
[4 5 6 7]]
[[ 8 9 10 11]
[12 13 14 15]]
Statistical Function in Numpy
np.mean():Compute the arithmetic mean along the specified axis.
np.std():Compute the standard deviation along the specified axis.
np.var():Compute the variance along the specified axis.
np.sum() : Sum of array elements over a given axis.
np.prod() : Return the product of array elements over a given axis.
np.min()/np.max():Return the minimum / maximum of an array or minimum along axis.
Example:
import numpy as np
array1 = np.array([[10,20,30],[40,50,60]])
print(“Mean:” , np.mean(array1))
print(“Std: “, np.std(array1))
print(“Var: “, np.var(array1))
print(“Sum: “, np.sum(array1))
print(“Prod: “, np.prod(array1))
Output:
Mean: 35.0
Std: 17.07825127659933
Var: 291.6666666666667
Sum : 210
Prod: 720000000
