Scribd
Upload
11 views2 pages

Microprocessors Unit 1 Notes

Microprocessors are integrated circuits that serve as the brain of computers, performing computation tasks and found in various devices. They can be classified by word length and consist of components like the ALU, register unit, and control unit. Applications of microprocessors include home appliances, automotive systems, industrial automation, consumer electronics, and robotics.

Uploaded by

monika.marjara
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
11 views2 pages

Microprocessors Unit 1 Notes

Microprocessors are integrated circuits that serve as the brain of computers, performing computation tasks and found in various devices. They can be classified by word length and consist of components like the ALU, register unit, and control unit. Applications of microprocessors include home appliances, automotive systems, industrial automation, consumer electronics, and robotics.

Uploaded by

monika.marjara
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Microprocessors Notes (Unit 1)

1.1 Introduction to Microprocessors


A microprocessor is an integrated circuit (IC) designed to perform computation tasks. It is
the brain of a computer where all the processing is done.
Microprocessors are used in many devices such as computers, mobile phones, and home
appliances.

1.2 Microcomputers and Single Chip Microcomputers


Microcomputers consist of a microprocessor, memory, and input/output interfaces. They
are used in applications where size and cost efficiency are important.
Single chip microcomputers integrate all components onto a single chip, often used in
embedded systems.

1.3 Classification of Microprocessors


Microprocessors can be classified by word length:
• 4-bit: Intel 4004
• 8-bit: Intel 8085
• 16-bit: Intel 8086
• 32-bit: Intel 80386
• 64-bit: Intel Core series
Each generation brought improvements in speed, capacity, and functionality.

1.4 Microprocessor Components


• Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU): Performs arithmetic and logical operations.
• Register Unit: Temporary storage for data and instructions.
• Control Unit: Manages the operations of the processor.
• System Bus: Includes data bus, address bus, and control bus.

1.5 Memory (RAM and ROM)


RAM (Random Access Memory) is volatile memory used for temporary storage.
ROM (Read Only Memory) is non-volatile and stores firmware or boot instructions.
Memory is essential for storing instructions and data required during processing.
1.6 Computer Languages
Computer languages can be categorized as:
• Machine Language: Binary code instructions understood directly by the computer.
• Assembly Language: Mnemonics for machine-level instructions.
• High-Level Language: Human-readable (e.g., C, Python).
• Compiler: Converts high-level code to machine code.
• Interpreter: Translates code line-by-line.

1.7 Applications
Microprocessors are used in various applications such as:
• Home appliances (washing machines, microwave ovens)
• Automotive systems (fuel injection, braking systems)
• Industrial automation
• Consumer electronics (smartphones, tablets)
• Robotics and AI systems

You might also like