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Unit-I Intro Memory CPU

This document provides an introduction to computers, outlining their basic operations, characteristics, and types, including supercomputers and microcomputers. It explains the memory unit, detailing primary and secondary storage types, as well as cache memory and registers. Additionally, it describes the Central Processing Unit (CPU), its main components, and the CPU cycle of fetching, decoding, executing, and storing instructions.

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7 views2 pages

Unit-I Intro Memory CPU

This document provides an introduction to computers, outlining their basic operations, characteristics, and types, including supercomputers and microcomputers. It explains the memory unit, detailing primary and secondary storage types, as well as cache memory and registers. Additionally, it describes the Central Processing Unit (CPU), its main components, and the CPU cycle of fetching, decoding, executing, and storing instructions.

Uploaded by

iswarnav
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Unit-I: Introduction to Computers

Unit-I: Introduction to Computers

1. INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS

A computer is an electronic machine that processes input to produce meaningful output. It performs five basic

operations: Input, Processing, Storage, Output, and Control.

Characteristics:

- Speed: Performs millions of operations per second

- Accuracy: High precision in processing

- Automation: Works automatically after programming

- Storage: Can store huge data

- Versatility and Diligence: Can handle diverse tasks without fatigue

Types:

- Supercomputers

- Mainframes

- Minicomputers

- Microcomputers (PCs)

- Embedded Systems

2. MEMORY UNIT

Memory is used to store data and instructions temporarily or permanently.

Types of Memory:

1. Primary Memory:

- RAM: Volatile, stores current data

- ROM: Non-volatile, stores firmware

2. Secondary Storage:

- HDD, SSD, CD/DVD


Unit-I: Introduction to Computers

3. Cache Memory:

- High-speed memory close to CPU

4. Registers:

- Small, fast memory inside CPU for temporary data

3. CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU)

The CPU is the brain of the computer that processes instructions.

Main Components:

- ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit): Performs arithmetic and logical operations

- Control Unit (CU): Controls the operations of other components

- Registers: Store intermediate data

CPU Cycle:

1. Fetch

2. Decode

3. Execute

4. Store

Registers include:

- Program Counter

- Accumulator

- Instruction Register

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