Unit 12:
Family and Friends
Pre-Class Questions
Discuss these questions with a partner or group:
• What does your best friend look like?
• What is your mom or dad like?
• Do you have a big or small family?
• Who do you look like in your family?
• What do you like to do with your friends?
Grammar Focus
ADJECTIVE
An adjective is a word that tells us more about a person, a place, or a thing. In
this unit, we use adjectives to describe:
Category Examples
Appearance tall, short, slim, pretty, curly
Personality kind, friendly, funny, shy
Relationships close, helpful, loving, caring
SENTENCE PATTERNS
We use simple sentence structures with adjectives and relationship expres-
sions:
1. “Be” + Adjective
We use the verb “be” (am / is / are) with adjectives to describe a person.
Examples:
• She is kind.
• They are very close.
My dad is funny and helpful.
Note:
Add "very" or "really" to make adjectives stronger:
→ “He is very friendly.”
→ “She is really shy.”
2. “Have / Has” + Description
Use “have” or “has” to describe parts of the body or features (like eyes or
hair).
Examples:
• I have blue eyes.
• She has long, straight hair.
• They have curly black hair.
Tip:
Put the adjective before the noun:
→ “brown eyes” / “short hair” / “curly hair”
3. Relationship Expressions
These are useful phrases to describe how people connect with others:
Expression Meaning Example Sentence
look like have the same face or body I look like my mom.
take after be like someone in personality He takes after his dad. He is very calm.
get along (with) have a good relationship I get along well with my sister.
be close to have a strong emotional connection I am very close to my grandmother.
be part of (a group) belong to a family or friendship group She is part of a close family.
Why use the Simple Present Tense?
We use the simple present tense to talk about:
• Facts
• Daily life
• General truths
What people are like:
When we describe someone, we are giving information that is usually true
all the time — not just now.
That’s why we use the simple present tense.
1. “Be” + Adjective
Used to describe personality, appearance, and relationships.
Subject Verb (be) Adjective Example
I am tall / friendly I am friendly.
You are helpful You are helpful.
He / She is kind / shy She is shy. He is kind.
We / They are close / smart They are close.
Example Sentences:
• My sister is very kind and funny.
• We are a close family.
• He is tall and slim.
“Have / Has” + Description
Used to describe features (hair, eyes, etc.).
Verb
Subject Example Example Sentence
(have)
blue eyes / short I have blue eyes. They have
I / You / We / They have
hair short hair.
curly hair / green She has curly hair. He has green
He / She has
eyes eyes.
Example Sentences:
• I have long, black hair.
• She has green eyes and a big smile.
• They have brown eyes and straight hair.
Action Verbs in Simple Present
Use other present simple verbs for habits and personality.
Verb Example Sentence
like He likes helping people.
help She helps her little sister every day.
laugh My dad laughs a lot. He’s very funny.
talk They talk all the time. They’re very close.
Rela-
tionship Expressions (in Simple Present)
These phrases also follow the simple present tense pattern:
Expression Use in Sentence
look like I look like my mother.
take after She takes after her grandfather.
get along with We get along with our cousins.
be close to I am close to my brother.
Dialogue 1: Describing Appearance
Anna: Who is that girl in the picture with you?
Lina: Oh, that’s my cousin, Mia. She has long, straight black hair and green eyes.
Anna: Wow, she’s really pretty. Is she tall?
Lina: Yes, she is. She’s tall and slim. People always say we look alike.
Anna: Hmm, I can see that! Do you also have green eyes?
Lina: No, I have brown eyes, but we both have the same smile.
Anna: She looks very confident in the picture.
Lina: Yes, she is. She likes taking pictures and she always looks good.
✅ Comprehension Questions:
1. Who is Mia?
2. What kind of hair does Mia have?
3. What color are Mia’s eyes?
4. Do Anna and Lina look the same?
5. What do Mia and Lina have in common?
Dialogue 2: Describing Personality
Tom: What is your brother like?
Leo: His name is David. He’s really funny and talkative.
Tom: That’s cool. Does he like to meet new people?
Leo: Yes, he’s very friendly and outgoing. He talks to everyone.
Tom: Is he a good student?
Leo: Yes, he is. He’s also responsible. He always finishes his homework on time.
Tom: My brother is different. He is shy and quiet.
Leo: That’s okay. Every person is different. My sister is very shy too, but she’s kind
and smart.
✅ Comprehension Questions:
1. What is David like?
2. What does David do with his homework?
3. Is Tom’s brother outgoing?
4. How is Leo’s sister similar to Tom’s brother?
5. What kind of person is Leo’s sister?
Dialogue 3: Describing Relationships
Sara: Do you have a big family?
Noah: Not really. I have one younger sister, Emma. We are very close.
Sara: That’s nice! Do you get along well?
Noah: Yes, we do. We play games together and help each other with school.
Sara: Do you look like her?
Noah: A little. She looks more like our mom. But I take after my dad. We are both
quiet and calm.
Sara: That’s interesting. I look like my brother. We both have curly hair and green
eyes.
Noah: Do you get along with him?
Sara: Yes, we do. We sometimes fight, but we’re still best friends.
✅ Comprehension Questions:
1. What is Noah’s sister’s name?
2. Do Noah and Emma get along?
3. Who does Emma look like?
4. Who does Noah take after?
5. How is Sara’s relationship with her brother?
Grammar Practice – Complete the Sentences
Use the correct form of “be,” “have,” or the right expression.
1. My mom __________ very kind and patient.
2. I __________ short black hair and brown eyes.
3. My grandparents __________ very close to each other.
4. My best friend __________ funny and helpful.
5. We __________ a big family.
6. He __________ after his dad. They are both quiet.
7. My sister __________ long curly hair.
8. They __________ friendly and always say hello.
9. I __________ along well with my classmates.
10. She __________ like her mom — same eyes and smile!
Let’s Practice!
Use the grammar and vocabulary in your answers:
• Describe a family member’s appearance.
• What personality traits are important in a friend?
• Who do you take after in your family? How?
• Do you get along with your siblings?
• Who is the most outgoing person you know?
Open Mind Questions:
• Do you think people become more like their friends over time?
• Is it more important to be honest or kind in a relationship?
• Can friends become like family?
• How do you deal with conflicts in friendships or family?
