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AC Generator MS Level

An AC generator converts mechanical energy into alternating electrical energy through electromagnetic induction, producing sinusoidal voltages. It consists of a rotor, stator, slip rings, brushes, and a prime mover, with the induced EMF derived from Faraday's Law. Key applications include power stations, wind turbines, and emergency generators, with advantages such as higher efficiency compared to DC generators.

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Engr. Sahar Gul
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45 views3 pages

AC Generator MS Level

An AC generator converts mechanical energy into alternating electrical energy through electromagnetic induction, producing sinusoidal voltages. It consists of a rotor, stator, slip rings, brushes, and a prime mover, with the induced EMF derived from Faraday's Law. Key applications include power stations, wind turbines, and emergency generators, with advantages such as higher efficiency compared to DC generators.

Uploaded by

Engr. Sahar Gul
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

AC Generator (Alternating Current Generator)

1. Introduction

An AC generator converts mechanical energy into alternating electrical energy using

electromagnetic induction. It produces sinusoidal voltages that vary periodically with time.

2. Working Principle

The principle behind an AC generator is Faraday's Law of Electromagnetic Induction:

EMF = -dPhiB/dt

When a coil rotates in a magnetic field, the magnetic flux through the coil changes, and this induces

an alternating EMF.

3. Construction of an AC Generator

- Rotor (Armature): Rotating coil of wire.

- Stator: Stationary magnetic poles.

- Slip Rings: Provide continuous electrical contact.

- Brushes: Conduct current from slip rings to external circuit.

- Prime Mover: Drives the rotor mechanically.

4. Mathematical Derivation of Induced EMF

Let:

N = number of turns,

A = area of the coil,

B = magnetic flux density,

omega = angular velocity,

theta = omegat
Magnetic flux: PhiB = B A cos(omegat)

Induced EMF: E(t) = -d(NPhiB)/dt = NABomega sin(omegat)

Therefore:

E(t) = Emax sin(omegat), where Emax = NABomega

5. Waveform Output

The generated voltage is AC (sinusoidal). Frequency of the output:

f = nP / 120

Where n = speed in RPM, P = number of poles.

6. Energy Conversion

Mechanical energy is converted to electrical energy. Efficiency depends on field strength,

resistance, speed, and load.

7. Key Features

- Alternating current output.

- Frequency and amplitude control.

- Easily transformed for transmission.

8. Applications

- Power stations

- Wind turbines

- Aircraft systems

- Emergency generators

9. Advanced Considerations

- Synchronous Generators: Speed and frequency relationship.


- Three-phase Generators: Balanced output.

- Voltage Regulation: Controlled via field excitation.

- Harmonics and Load Effects.

10. Comparison with DC Generator

| Feature | AC Generator | DC Generator |

|----------------|----------------------|----------------------|

| Output | Alternating current | Direct current |

| Commutation | Slip rings | Split-ring commutator|

| Efficiency | Higher | Slightly lower |

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