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Image Processing Topics Detailed

The document provides a detailed overview of image enhancement, restoration, and segmentation, outlining their definitions, features, methods, advantages, disadvantages, and applications. Image enhancement improves visual appearance without recovering original content, while restoration aims to recover degraded images using mathematical models. Segmentation divides images into meaningful regions for object detection, highlighting the differences between these processes.

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8 views3 pages

Image Processing Topics Detailed

The document provides a detailed overview of image enhancement, restoration, and segmentation, outlining their definitions, features, methods, advantages, disadvantages, and applications. Image enhancement improves visual appearance without recovering original content, while restoration aims to recover degraded images using mathematical models. Segmentation divides images into meaningful regions for object detection, highlighting the differences between these processes.

Uploaded by

pratyushasarkar161
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Image Enhancement, Restoration, and Segmentation - Detailed Explanation

1. Image Enhancement

Definition: Enhancing the visual appearance of an image or converting it to a form better suited for analysis.

Features/Functions:

- Improve contrast, highlight features, remove noise.

- Can be performed in spatial or frequency domain.

Types/Methods:

- Spatial Domain: Histogram processing, smoothing (mean filter), sharpening (high-pass filter).

- Frequency Domain: Low-pass and high-pass filtering.

Advantages:

- Easy to implement and understand.

- Effective for improving visibility.

Disadvantages:

- Can distort original content.

- Does not restore actual scene information.

Applications:

- Medical imaging, satellite imagery, surveillance, biometric enhancement.

Differences (Enhancement vs Restoration):

- Enhancement focuses on subjective improvement.

- Restoration aims to recover the original image.

2. Image Restoration

Definition: Process of recovering an image that has been degraded by known causes (e.g., blur, noise).

Features/Functions:

- Model-based recovery.

- Objective improvement based on known degradation.


Techniques:

- Algebraic Approaches: Solving inverse problems.

- Filtering: Inverse filtering, Wiener filtering, Homomorphic filtering.

- Spatial Transformations, Gray Level Interpolation.

Advantages:

- Attempts to reconstruct original image.

- Uses mathematical models.

Disadvantages:

- Needs accurate degradation model.

- Computationally expensive.

Applications:

- Restoration of historical documents, medical scans, satellite images.

Differences (Restoration vs Enhancement):

- Restoration is analytical, enhancement is perceptual.

- Restoration corrects defects, enhancement highlights features.

3. Image Segmentation

Definition: Dividing an image into meaningful regions (objects or boundaries).

Functions:

- Helps in object detection and feature extraction.

- Fundamental for recognition tasks.

Techniques:

- Point, Line, Edge Detection.

- Edge Linking, Boundary Detection.

- Thresholding: Global, Local, Optimal.

- Region-Based: Region Growing, Region Splitting & Merging.

- Hough Transform: Shape detection (lines, circles).


Advantages:

- Reduces image complexity.

- Facilitates object-based analysis.

Disadvantages:

- Sensitive to noise and low contrast.

- Challenging in textured or complex images.

Applications:

- Medical image diagnosis, face detection, autonomous driving, industrial inspection.

Differences (Segmentation vs Enhancement):

- Segmentation isolates regions; enhancement improves visibility.

- Segmentation is structural; enhancement is perceptual.

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