International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)

Volume 9 Issue 2, Mar-Apr 2025 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 – 6470

Pharmacokinetics in Homoeopathy System of Medicines

Dr. Pijush Kanti Bhattacharjee, Rohan Dey
Metropolitan Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

ABSTRACT How to cite this paper: Dr. Pijush Kanti

Pharmacokinetics (PK) is actually doing the study how human or Bhattacharjee | Rohan Dey
animal body interacts with administered substances inside the body "Pharmacokinetics in Homoeopathy
till expulsion from the body as urine, stool, sweat etc. It consists of System of Medicines" Published in
absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion process (ADME) International Journal
of Trend in
of the body. The absorption is the rate at which a drug enters the Scientific Research
systemic circulation from its site of drug administration. Drug and Development
distribution is the process of distribution of drug in various organs (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-
and tissues. Metabolism of a drug is taking the drug substances as 6470, Volume-9 |
pathogen removing and energy producing, unused drug substance can Issue-2, April 2025, IJTSRD78499
easily excrete out from the body. Excretion takes part in the pp.797-799, URL:
elimination of drug from the blood circulation system into bile, urine, www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd78499.pdf
feces, sweat, and air. Thus homeopathic medicine which contains few
atoms of medicinal substance is very fast working in the human body Copyright © 2025 by author (s) and
by absorbing in sublingual and submandibular glands without any International Journal of Trend in
Scientific Research and Development
side effects. Journal. This is an
KEYWORDS: Pharmacokinetics (PK), Absorption, Distribution, Open Access article
Metabolism, Excretion, Pharmacokinetics in homoeopathy distributed under the
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1. INTRODUCTION 3. Fundamental Principles of Pharmacokinetics

Pharmacokinetics (PK) is the study of how the body A. Absorption
interacts with administered substances for the entire This is the process by which a drug enters the
duration of exposure. This is closely related to but bloodstream from its site of administration. Factors
distinctly different from pharmacodynamics, which influencing absorption include the route of
examines the drug’s effect on the body more closely. administration (e.g., oral, intravenous, topical), drug
This field generally examines these four main formulation (e.g., tablet, capsule, solution etc.),
parameters absorption, distribution, metabolism, and gastrointestinal motility, and the presence of food or
excretion (ADME) [1]-[3]. other drugs.
2. History B. Distribution
Pharmacokinetics (from ancient greek word Once in the bloodstream, drugs are distributed
pharmakon means “drug” and kinetikos “moving, throughout the body to various tissues and organs.
putting in motion”). It attempts to analyze chemical Distribution is influenced by factors such as blood
metabolism and to discover the fate of a chemical flow, tissue permeability, drug-protein binding
from the moment that it is administered up to the (especially to plasma proteins like albumin), and the
point at which it is completely eliminated from the drug's lipid solubility. Drugs with higher lipid
body [1]-[3]. Pharmacokinetics is based on solubility tend to distribute more readily into fatty
mathematical modeling that places great emphasis on tissues. In Fig. 1 different pharmacokinetics
the relationship between drug plasma concentration parameters are shown in detail.
and the time elapsed since the drug's administration.

@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD78499 | Volume – 9 | Issue – 2 | Mar-Apr 2025 Page 797
 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
and clathrate-like hydrate microcrystals formed during
homeopathic dilution could be a key molecular
mechanism for the biological responses to
homeopathic medicines [4]-[5].
B. Biological Models
I. In Vitro Models
1. Hormesis Effect: Van Wijk and Wiegant's
research at the University of Utrecht demonstrated
that low doses of toxic substances (arsenite and
cadmium) or physical stress (heat) could enhance
self-recovery mechanisms in human fibroblasts by
increasing the production of heat shock proteins
(hsp70), suggesting homeopathic remedies might
stimulate cellular recovery specifically in
damaged cells.
2. Molecular and Cellular Responses: Studies
indicate that homeopathic remedies might affect
cellular processes by interacting with cell surface
proteins, potentially altering mRNA levels for heat
shock proteins and triggering recovery responses
Fig. 1: Pharmacokinetics parameters. at the genetic level [1]-[5].
C. Metabolism
Metabolism refers to the chemical transformations that
drugs undergo in the body, primarily in the liver. The
primary goal of drug metabolism is to convert drugs
into more water-soluble compounds that can be easily
excreted from the body. The liver enzymes
responsible for drug metabolism are collectively
referred to as the cytochrome P450 (CYP) system.
Metabolism can either activate, deactivate, or modify
the pharmacological properties of a drug.
D. Excretion
Excretion is the removal of drugs and their
metabolites from the body. The kidneys are the
primary organs responsible for excreting water-
soluble drugs and their metabolites in the urine. Other
routes of excretion include bile (into the feces), sweat,
saliva, breast milk, and exhaled air. Renal function is a Fig. 2: (I) In vitro model and (II) in vivo model of
crucial determinant of drug excretion, and impaired Pharmacokinetics.
kidney function can lead to drug accumulation and
II. In Vivo Models
potential toxicity.
1. Efficacy in Mammalian Models:
4. Different Theories on Pharmacokinetics Roberfroid: They found that 9C Phenobarbital could
A. Physical Concepts reduce hepatocarcinoma formation in rats induced by
The Clathrate model, based on dielectric and 2-Acetylamoinofluorene, although the mechanism was
differential scanning calorimetric measurements, not elucidated. Biswas and Khuda-Bukhsh: They
suggests that medicinal properties can be transferred demonstrated that potentized Chelidonium could
to a solvent during homeopathic dilution, with protect against p-DAB-induced hepatocarcinoma in
clathrate structures possibly replicating themselves mice, with potential mechanisms involving
similarly to crystal growth, leading to the observed modulation of tumor-marker enzymes and other
oscillation in effectiveness of homeopathic solutions. cytogenetical parameters [4]-[5].
Matsumoto proposed that cell-surface proteins might 2. Arsenic and Cadmium Studies:
be activated by the hydration-shell structure of Khuda-Bukhsh’s Research: Extensive studies showed
molecules, and the interaction between these proteins that potentized Arsenic Alb could reduce arsenic-

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 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
induced genotoxicity in mice. This was evidenced by scientific works on homeopathy has been presented
changes in chromosomal aberrations, enzyme with due emphasis on the state of information
activities, and histopathological studies. presently available on several aspects of the molecular
mechanism of action of the potentised homeopathic
Datta: Potentized Cadmium Sulph was found to
drugs. Actually homoeopathic medicine contains few
reduce cadmium-induced genotoxicity in mice, with
atoms of the medicinal substance. After administering
higher potencies showing greater efficacy.
the homoeopathic medicine, these few atoms of the
3. Neurochemical and Immune Responses: homeopathic medicine are immediately absorbed by
Sukul’s Findings: Increased levels of serotonin and the sublingual and submandibular glands (i.e., salivary
dopamine metabolites in the mouse hypothalamus glands), hence the homoeopathic medicine will not
were observed following homeopathic treatment, reach upto liver or excretory system as a whole. The
suggesting action through the autonomic nervous absorption, metabolism and excretory functions of the
system. homoeopathic drug are done by the sublingual and
Bentwitch’s Study: Demonstrated that specific submandibular glands, the rest amount vehicle of the
immune responses could be transferred between mice drug, i.e., alcohol or globule (cane sugar) is excreted
using high dilutions of KLH (keyhole limpet as per normal procedure after duly metabolized by
hemocyanin). In Fig. 2 in vitro and in vivo models of liver and circulatory systems. Therefore,
pharmacokinetics are delineated. homoeopathic medicine is acting in human or animal
body very fast without any major side effects.
III. Other Notable Studies
Banik and Khuda-Bukhsh: Reported positive effects References
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07; 125(7):886-7.
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potentized Arnica Montana, Ruta Graveolens, and Pharmacokinetics: What do you really need to
Hypericum could reduce genotoxic effects induced by know? Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed. 2015
ultrasonic sound waves and other stressors in mice. Feb; 100(1):37-43.
Aguejouf: Demonstrated that homeopathic dilutions of [3] Slørdal L, Spigset O. [Basic Pharmacokinetics--
acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) had potent antithrombotic Distribution]. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2005
effects in rats with experimentally induced Apr 21; 125(8):1007-8.
thrombosis. [4] Nancarrow C, Mather Le. Pharmacokinetics in
Renal Failure. Anaesth Intensive Care. 1983
5. Conclusion and Pharmacokinetics in Nov; 11(4):350-
Homoeopathy [5] Zhivkova Zd, Mandova T, Doytchinova I.
The homeopathic mode of treatment often encourages Quantitative Structure - Pharmacokinetics
use of drugs at such ultra-low doses and high dilutions Relationships Analysis of Basic Drugs: Volume
that even the physical existence of a single molecule of Distribution. J Pharm Pharm SCI. 2015;
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impossible [1]-[5]. An overview of some interesting
Dr. Pijush Kanti Bhattacharjee is associated with the study in Engineering, Management, Law,
Indo-Allopathy, Herbal, Homeopathic & Yogic medicines. He is having qualifications Ph.D.
[Engg.], M.E., LL.M., MBA, MDCTech, A.M.I.E. (B.E or B.Tech), B.Sc(D), B.H.M.S.
[Pursuing], BIASM, CMS, PET, EDT, FWT, DATHRY, B.A, LLB, KOVID, DH, ACE, FDCI
etc. He has started service in Government of India, Department of Telecommunications (DoT)
since 1981 as a Telecom Engineer, where he has worked upto January, 2007, lastly holding
Assistant Director post at Telecom Engineering Centre, DoT, Kolkata, India. Then he worked in different
Engineering Colleges, India, and Assam University [Central University], Silchar, India, as an Assistant
Professor, Associate Professor and Professor from 2007 to 2024. He is also an Advocate in the Supreme Court of
India, New Delhi and the Calcutta High Court, Kolkata, India since 2017. He has written ten books and more
than a hundred research papers. He is a Member of IACSIT, Singapore; CSTA, UACEE, USA; IAENG, IETI,
Hongkong; and IE, ISTE, IAPQR, IIM, India. His research interests are in Telecommunications including
Mobile Communications, Image Processing, VLSI, Nanotechnology, Electrical Power System, Power
Electronics Circuit, Management, Medicine and Environmental Pollution.
Mr. Rohan Dey is a student of B.H.M.S. Course at Metropolitan Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital
in Kolkata.

@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD78499 | Volume – 9 | Issue – 2 | Mar-Apr 2025 Page 799