Graph
Exercise 1.4
r. kalaiyarasan
P.G MATHS,
S.K.A. MATRIC. HR. SEC. SCHOOL,
AUNDIPATTI.
Exercise 1.4
1. For the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 given in diagram, draw (i) 𝑦 = −𝑥 3 (ii) 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 + 1 (iii) 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 1 (iv) 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 1)3 with the same scale.
(i) 𝑦 = −𝑥 3
Draw 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 ,
𝑥 −2 −1 0 1 2
𝑦 8 1 0 1 8
𝑦 = −𝑥 3 , this is the reflection of the graph of 𝑓(𝑥 ) about 𝑥 - axis.
(ii) 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 + 1
𝑦 = 𝑥 3 + 1 , this is the graph of f(x)
shifts to the upward one unit.
(iii) 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 1
𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 1, this is the graph of 𝑓(𝑥)
Shifts to the downward for one unit.
(iv) 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 1)3
𝑦 = (𝑥 + 1)3 , it causes the graph of 𝑓 (𝑥 )
shifts to the left for one unit.
1
2. For the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 given in diagram draw
1
(i) 𝑦 = −𝑥 3
1
𝑦 = −(𝑥 )3 is the reflection of the graph of
1
𝑦 = 𝑥 3 about the the 𝑥- axis
1
(ii) 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 + 1
1
𝑦 = 𝑥 3 + 1 is the graph of
1
𝑦 = 𝑥 3 shift to the upward for one unit.
1
(iii) 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 1
1
𝑦 = 𝑥 − 1 is the graph is the graph
3
1
of 𝑥 3 shifts to the downward for one unit.
1
(iv) 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 1)3
1
𝑦 = (𝑥 + 1)3 is the graph of
1
𝑥 shifts to the left for one unit.
3
3. Graph the functions 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 3 and 𝑔(𝑥 ) = √𝑥 on the same coordinate plane. Find 𝑓 ∘ 𝑔 and graph it on the plane as
3
well. Explain your results.
3 3 3
Solution: 𝑓 ∘ 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥 )) = 𝑓( √𝑥 ) = ( √𝑥 ) = 𝑥
𝑥 −2 −1 0 1 2
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 3 −8 −1 0 1 8
𝑥 −8 −1 0 1 8
3
𝑔(𝑥 ) = √𝑥 −2 −1 0 1 2
𝑥 −2 −1 0 1 2
𝑦 =𝑓∘𝑔 −2 −1 0 1 2
Since 𝑓 ∘ 𝑔 = 𝑥 is symmetric about the line 𝑦 = 𝑥, 𝑔(𝑥) is the inverse image of 𝑓(𝑥)
∴ 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 𝑓 −1(𝑥 )
4. write the steps to obtain the graph of the function 𝑦 = 3(𝑥 − 1)2 + 5 from the graph 𝑦 = 𝑥 2
Step 1: Draw the graph 𝑦 = 𝑥 2
Step 2: The graph of 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 1)2 shift to the right for one unit
Step 3: The graph of 𝑦 = 3(𝑥 − 1)2 compress towards y – axis. That is moves away from the x – axis since the multiplying
factor is 3 which is greater than 1.
Step 4: The graph of 𝑦 = 3(𝑥 − 1)2 + 5 causes the shift to the upward for 5 units.
𝑥 −2 −1 0 1 2
2
𝑦=𝑥 4 1 0 1 4
2
𝑦 = (𝑥 − 1) 9 4 1 0 1
2
𝑦 = 3(𝑥 − 1) 27 12 3 0 3
2
𝑦 = 3(𝑥 − 1) + 5 32 17 8 5 5
𝜋
5. From the curve 𝑦 = sin 𝑥, graph the functions (i) 𝑦 = sin(−𝑥) (ii) 𝑦 = − sin(−𝑥) (iii) 𝑦 = sin ( + 𝑥) = cos 𝑥
2
𝜋
(iv) 𝑦 = sin ( − 𝑥) = cos 𝑥
2
−3𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 3𝜋
𝑥 −2𝜋 −𝜋 − 0 𝜋 2𝜋
2 2 2 2
𝑦 = sin 𝑥 0 1 0 −1 0 1 0 −1 0
(i) 𝑦 = sin(−𝑥 ) = − sin 𝑥 0 −1 0 1 0 −1 0 1 0
(ii)𝑦 = − sin(−𝑥) = sin 𝑥 0 1 0 −1 0 1 0 −1 0
𝜋 𝜋
(iii) 𝑦 = sin ( + 𝑥) = cos 𝑥 (iv) 𝑦 = sin ( − 𝑥) = cos 𝑥
2 2
−3𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 3𝜋
𝑥 −2𝜋 −𝜋 − 0 𝜋 2𝜋
2 2 2 2
𝑦 = sin 𝑥 0 1 0 −1 0 1 0 −1 0
𝜋
(iii) 𝑦 = sin ( + 𝑥) = cos 𝑥 1 0 −1 0 1 0 −1 0 1
2
𝜋
(iv)𝑦 = sin ( − 𝑥) = cos 𝑥 1 0 −1 0 1 0 −1 0 1
2
1
6. From the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥 draw, (i) 𝑦 = −𝑥 (ii) 𝑦 = 2𝑥 (iii) 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 1 (iv) 𝑥 + 1 (v) 2𝑥 + 𝑦 + 3 = 0
2
Solution: Given 𝑦 = 𝑥
𝑥 −2 −1 0 1 2 3
𝑦=𝑥 −2 −1 0 1 2 3
(i) 𝑦 = −𝑥 2 1 0 −1 −2 −3
(ii) 𝑦 = 2𝑥 −4 −2 0 2 4 6
(iii) 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 1 −1 0 1 2 3 4
(i) 𝑦 = −𝑥
Graph of 𝑦 = −𝑥 is the reflection of the graph of
𝑦 = 𝑥 about the x – axis.
(ii) 𝑦 = 2𝑥
The graph of 𝑦 = 2𝑥 compress towards y –axis
that is moves away from the x – axis. Since the multiplying
factor is 2 which is greater than 1.
(iii) 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 1
The graph of 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 1 caves the shift to the upward for
one unit of 𝑦 = 𝑥
1
(iv) 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 1
2
1
The graph of 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 1 streches towards the x – axis.
2
1
Since the multiplying factor is which is less than one
2
and shifts to the upward for one unit of 𝑦 = 𝑥
(v) 𝑦 = −2𝑥 − 3
The graph of 𝑦 = −2𝑥 − 3 stretches towards
the x – axis since the multiplying factor is −2
which is less than 1 and causes the shifts to the
downward for 3 units of 𝑦 = 𝑥
7. From the curve 𝑦 = |𝑥| draw
(i) 𝑦 = |𝑥 − 1| + 1 (ii) 𝑦 = |𝑥 + 1| − 1 (iii) 𝑦 = |𝑥 + 2| − 3
Solution: Given 𝑦 = |𝑥|
𝑥 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3
𝑦 = |𝑥| 3 2 1 0 1 2 3
(i) 𝑦 = |𝑥 − 1| + 1 5 4 3 2 1 0 1
(ii) 𝑦 = |𝑥 + 1| − 1 1 0 −1 0 1 2 3
(i) 𝑦 = |𝑥 − 1| + 1
The graph 𝑦 = |𝑥 − 1| causes the shift to the right for
one unit of the curve 𝑦 = |𝑥|
The graph 𝑦 = |𝑥 − 1| + 1 shifts to the right for one
unit and causes the shift to the upward for one unit of the
curve 𝑦 = |𝑥|
(ii) 𝑦 = |𝑥 + 1| − 1
The graph 𝑦 = |𝑥 + 1| causes the shift to the left for
one unit of the curve 𝑦 = |𝑥|
The graph 𝑦 = |𝑥 + 1| − 1 shifts to the right for one
unit and causes the shift to the downward for one unit
of the curve 𝑦 = |𝑥|
(ii) 𝑦 = |𝑥 + 2| − 3
The graph 𝑦 = |𝑥 + 2| causes the shift to the left for
two units of the curve 𝑦 = |𝑥|
The graph 𝑦 = |𝑥 + 2| − 3 shifts to the left for two
units and causes the shift to the downward for 3 units
of the curve 𝑦 = |𝑥|
8. From the curve 𝑦 = sin 𝑥, draw 𝑦 = sin |𝑥| (Hint: sin(−𝑥 ) = − sin 𝑥
3𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 3𝜋
𝑥 − −𝜋 − 0 𝜋
2 2 2 2
𝑦 = sin 𝑥 1 0 −1 0 1 0 −1
3𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 3𝜋
𝑥 − −𝜋 − 0 𝜋
2 2 2 2
𝑦 = − sin 𝑥 1 0 −1 0 1 0 −1
