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✅ DOs for UPSC Aspirants ❌ DON'Ts for UPSC Aspirants

 Understand the Syllabus  Neglecting the Syllabus

o Thoroughly read and analyze the UPSC o Ignoring the official UPSC syllabus can
syllabus. lead to wasted effort on irrelevant topics.
o Break it down into smaller sections for Always align your study plan with the
manageable study. syllabus to ensure focused preparation.
 Choose the Right Study Material  Avoiding Answer Writing Practice
o Select standard and reliable books. o Delaying answer writing practice until
o Avoid overloading with too many the last minute can hinder your ability to
resources. articulate thoughts clearly under time
 Make Effective Notes constraints. Start practicing early to
o Use methods like Cornell or mind maps. improve writing speed and quality.
o Keep notes concise and organized.  Neglecting Previous Years' Question Papers
 Practice Answer Writing o Many aspirants overlook the importance
o Write answers regularly to improve of analyzing previous years' question
speed and clarity. papers. This practice is crucial for
o Seek feedback to enhance quality. understanding the exam pattern,
 Revise Regularly identifying frequently asked topics, and
o Set aside time for weekly and monthly gauging the level of difficulty. Regularly
revisions. solving these papers helps in time
o Use flashcards or summaries for quick management and enhances writing
reviews. skills.
 Stay Updated with Current Affairs  Skipping Regular Revision
o Read newspapers like The Hindu or o Neglecting regular revision can lead to
Indian Express. forgetting previously studied material.
o Follow monthly current affairs Set aside dedicated time for revision to
compilations. reinforce memory and understanding.
 Take Mock Tests  Ignoring Mock Tests
o Simulate exam conditions to build o Skipping mock tests or not analyzing
confidence. them thoroughly can result in poor exam
o Analyze performance to identify weak performance. Regularly attempt mock
areas. tests to simulate exam conditions and
 Maintain Physical and Mental Health identify areas needing improvement.
o Incorporate regular exercise and  Overloading with Study Materials
meditation. o Collecting numerous books for a single
o Ensure adequate sleep and balanced subject can cause confusion and
nutrition. inefficiency. Stick to a few trusted
resources and focus on mastering them.
 Neglecting Health and Well-being
o Over-studying without breaks can lead
to burnout and decreased productivity.
Incorporate regular breaks, exercise,
and adequate sleep into your routine
to maintain physical and mental
health
 Comparing Yourself with Others
o Constantly comparing your progress
with others can lead to unnecessary
stress and self-doubt. Focus on your
own journey and progress at your own
pace

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UPSC IAS Exam Overview specialist)

7. General Science & Technology

Stage-1:
Subject-Wise Weightage (based on recent
Prelims trends)

 Two objective-type papers held on the same  History: ~16–18%

day
o Paper I: General Studies (GS) – 100  Geography: ~15–18%
questions × 2 marks = 200 marks
o  Polity: ~18–20%
o Paper II: CSAT (Civil Services
Aptitude Test) – 80 questions × 2.5  Economy: ~13–15%
marks = 200 marks
 Environment & Ecology: ~13–15%
 Negative marking: ⅓ mark deducted for
each wrong answer in both papers  Science & Technology: ~7–9%

 Duration: 2 hours per paper (GS: 9:30–  Current Affairs: ~22–24%

11:30, CSAT: 2:30–4:30)
Paper II: CSAT (Civil Services Aptitude Test)
 CSAT is qualifying; minimum 33% required
(~67/200) to be eligible for Mains A qualifying paper with 80 MCQs (200 marks)
testing mental and analytical abilities:
 Only GS Paper I is counted for Prelims
ranking and selection for Mains  Reading Comprehension

Paper-Wise Subjects  Communication & Interpersonal Skills

Paper I: General Studies (100 MCQs, 200 marks)  Logical Reasoning & Analytical Ability

Covers both static knowledge and current affairs  Decision Making & Problem Solving
across these areas
 General Mental Ability
1. Current Events – national & international
 Basic Numeracy & Data Interpretation
2. History – Ancient, Medieval, Modern Indian (Class X level – charts, tables, graphs)
history
 English language comprehension
3. Geography – Physical, Social & Economic
(India & World)
Stage-2
4. Indian Polity & Governance – Constitution,
Political System, Panchayat Raj, Rights, UPSC Mains Exam Pattern (9 Papers)
Public Policy
 Paper I – Essay – 250 marks
5. Economic & Social Development – Poverty,
Inclusion, Sustainable Development,  Paper II – General Studies II (Indian
Demographics, Social Sector heritage, culture, history, geography) – 250
marks
6. Environment, Ecology & Climate Change –
biodiversity, ecological issues (non-
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  Paper III – General Studies II (Polity, Science, Philosophy, Physics, Political
governance, social justice, international Science & IR, Psychology, Public
relations) – 250 marks Administration, Sociology, Statistics,
Zoology, Agriculture, etc.
 Paper IV – General Studies III (Economy,
environment, technology, biodiversity, Stage:3
security, disaster management) – 250
marks In-depth guide to the UPSC IAS Personality Test
(Interview)
 Paper V – General Studies IV (Ethics,
integrity, aptitude) – 250 marks 1. Objective & Panel Format
 Paper VI & VII – Optional Subject Papers I  Final phase to assess your personal
& II – 250 marks each suitability for civil services via a 20–60
minute conversation – not pure knowledge
 Paper A – Indian Language (qualifying; any testing.
language from the Eighth Schedule) – 300
marks  Conducted by a panel of 5: one
Chairperson (usually a retired bureaucrat) +
 Paper B – English (qualifying) – 300 marks four experts in administration, law,
education, economics, IR, etc.
(Papers A & B are qualifying only; Papers I–VII are
counted for merit—the total being 1750 marks) 2. Qualities & Traits Evaluated

Key attributes evaluated include:

General Studies (GS) Subjects Covered
 Mental alertness, clarity, logical expression,
 GS I: Indian Heritage & Culture, History of judgment, balance, social traits, leadership,
India & World, Geography of India & the integrity, empathy, adaptability, body
World language, and composure under pressure.
 GS II: Governance, Constitution, Polity,
Social Justice, International Relations 3. Core Areas/Content

 GS III: Economic Development, 1. Detailed Application Form (DAF):

Technology, Biodiversity, Environment, o Major source of questions: family,
Security, Disaster Management education, work, hobbies,
hometown, optional subject,
 GS IV: Ethics, Integrity, Aptitude services/cadre preferences.

These correspond directly to Papers II–V . 2. Current Affairs: Recent

national/international issues, government
policies & schemes .
Optional Subjects List:
3. Optional & Academic Background:
Candidates choose one optional subject with two Knowing your optional subject and
papers (Paper VI & VII). Options include: graduation deeply—even if not mains-
level—plus understanding your career pivot.
 Anthropology, Botany, Chemistry, Civil
Engg., Commerce & Accountancy, 4. Situational / Ethical Questions:
Economics, Electrical Engg., Geography, Hypotheticals testing decision-making,
Geology, History, Law, Literature (any ethics, and administrative aptitude .
Eighth Schedule language), Management,
Mathematics, Mechanical Engg., Medical
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 5. Opinion-Based Debates: Views on social, 5. Common Pitfalls
economic, and political matters, expressed
diplomatically .  So-so DAF: Vague or inconsistent info
leads to follow-up questions.
6. Random Personal Questions: Could
range from name meaning, weapons,  Over-rehearsing: Rigid answers can feel
movies—anything that reveals your thought inauthentic.
process.
 Avoiding difficult questions: Stay sincere;
admitting ignorance is better than bluffing.
4. Preparation Strategy
 Weak body language: Eye contact,
📄 DAF Mastery:
posture, and gestures are key .
 Analyse every line—especially your
hometown, education, hobbies, 6. Tips from Successful Candidates
service/cadre preference—with depth .
“They have asked me questions about
 Be ready to justify course changes, work my school, college degree… All they
shifts, hobby choices, optional subject want is to know your thought process”
rationale, etc.
“One good thing that stood out… I
📄 Current Affairs & Static Knowledge: used anecdotes from my own life…
personalize your answers”
 Focus on 2–3 months of latest news—but
maintain clarity on ongoing issues too. Use personal anecdotes and named
facts/reports.
📄 Communication & Body Language:
 Maintain a calibrated stance—firm views
 Maintain composure, eye contact, confident backed by reasoning, not extreme .
posture, clarity in speech, and appropriate
 Pick hobbies strategically: deep knowledge
facial expressions & gestures .
on a curious interest can score well .
📄 Mock Interviews:
7. Checklist Before Day
 Essential for gaining comfort with format,
stress handling, trusted feedback.  Revise DAF thoroughly.

 Weekly mocks with reflection and  Brush up 2–3 months of current affairs.
improvement cycles are strong prep points.
 Practice your short self-introduction.
📄 Stress Management:
 Do several mock interviews and
 Practice relaxation techniques like deep incorporate feedback.
breathing and visualization .
 Practice body language &
📄 Quick-Thinking & Reasoning: communication.

 Train to acknowledge unfamiliar questions  Keep relaxation techniques ready.

calmly and reason your way logically.
 Dress neatly—preferably a sober suit or
formal attire.

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 4.Later Vedic Period
 Sources for Reconstructing Vedic Society
and Culture
 Geography of the Rig Vedic Period - Area of
MICROLISTING OF TOPICS Settlement
 Political Organization and Evolution of
Monarchy
ANCIENT HISTORY  Social Organization
 Economy
1.Prehistoric times  Religious Practices and Culture
 Periodization of Indian Pre-History
 Sources of Pre-History 5.Buddhism
 Paleolithic Or Old Stone  Birth and Life of Buddha (563-483 BC)
 Mesolithic Or Middle Stone Age  Teachings of Buddha
 Neolithic Age or New Stone Age  Organization and Sects of Buddhism
 Chalcolithic Age  Literature of Buddhism
 Major Chalcolithic Cultures  Councils, Spread of and Royal Patronage
 Early Iron Age  Causes for the Decline
 Geographical Distribution and
Characteristics 6.Jainism
 Birth and Life of Mahavira (540- 468 B.C.)
2.Indus Valley Civilization  Teachings of Mahavira
 IVC Geography and Archaeological  Organization and Sects of Jainism
Findings  Literature of Jainism
o Major cities  Councils, Spread and Royal Patrons
o Town Planning
 IVC Society and Culture 7.Mahajanapadas
o Script and Language  Republics and Monarchies
o Crafts  16 Mahajanapadas
o Religions  Magadha
o Seals and Images  Key Dynasties
 IVC Economy o Haryanka dynasty
o Harappan Trade o Shishunaga Dynasty
o Agriculture o Nanda Dynasty
o Domestication of animals  Persian Invasions
o Weights and Measures  Alexander’s Invasion
 Decline of Harappan Culture  Society and Rise of urban centres
 Economy
 System of Administration
3.Early Vedic Period
 Sources for Reconstructing Vedic Society
and Culture 8.Mauryan Empire
 Geography of the Rig Vedic Period - Area of  Sources: Inscriptions and Sites and
Settlement  Literary Sources (The Arthasastra)
 Political Organization and Evolution of  Rulers and Political History of the Mauryas
Monarchy  Chandragupta and Bindusara
 Megasthenes
 Social Organization
 Economy  Ashoka and His Successors
 Religious Practices and Culture  Ashoka’s Inscriptions and Sites
 Ashokan Reign
 Ashoka and Buddhism
 Ashoka Policy of Dhamma
 Mauryan Administration
 Foreign Relations
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  Decline of the Mauryas  The Rajaputas
 Pallavas
9.Post Mauryans  Chalukyas
 Society: Evolution of Jatis  Rashtrakutas
 Satavahanas  Indian Feudalism
 Sungas and Kanvas  Administration
 Sakas  Society and Culture
 Kushanas  Economy and the decline of Trade
 Kanishka
2.Cholas and Other South Indian Kingdoms
10.Gupta Period  Chola Rulers and Political History
 Sources of Gupta Rule  Chola Administration
 Rulers and Political history of Guptas  Socio-Economic Life
Chronology  Education and Literature
 Foreign Travellers Visit – Fahien’s Visit  The Cheras (9th to 12th Century)
 Gupta Administration  The Yadavas (12th to 13th Century)
 Other Important Dynasties  Contact with South-East Asia
 Society Religion and Culture
 Urban centers in Gupta period 3.Early Muslim Invasions
 Economy  The Arab Conquest of Sindh
 Science and Technology  Mahmud of Ghazni
 Literature  Muhammad Ghori
 Later Guptas
 Other Important Dynasties 4.Delhi Sultanate (1206-1526 AD)
 Slave Dynasty
11.Harshavardhan  Khalji Dynasty (1290-1320 AD)
 Harsha Military Conquests  Tughlaq Dynasty (1320-1414 AD)
 Harsha and Buddhism  Sayyid Dynasty
 Administration  Lodi Dynasty
 Society and Culture  Attacks by Mongolas and other Turks
 Economy  Administration
 Economy
12.Sangam Period  Urbanization
 Sangam Literature  Society and Culture
 South Indian Dynasties  Scientific Knowledge and legal System
 Cholas  Challenges leading to the decline of the
 Cheras Sultanate
 Pandyas
 Sangam Polity, Society and Culture 5.Struggle For Empire In North India (Afghans,
 Economy of Sangam Period Rajputs And Mughals)
 Foreign Dynasties  Struggle between Ibrahim Lodi and Babur
 Commercial Contacts with the Outside  The Battle of Panipat
World  Babur’s problems after the Battle of Panipat
 Schools of Art  Struggle with Rana Sanga
 Problems of the Eastern Areas and the
MEDIEVAL INDIA: Afghans
 Babur’s Contribution and Significance of his
Advent into India
1.Major Dynasities of Ealy Medieval period
 Humayun and the Afghans
 The Pratiharas (8th to 10th Century)
 Early Activities of Humayun, and the Tussle
 The Palas (8th to 11th Century)
with Bahadur Shah
 The Tripartite Conflict
 The Gujarat Campaign
 The Senas (11th to 12th Century)

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  The Bengal Campaign, and Struggle with  The Question of Qandahar and Relations
Sher Khan with Iran
 Shah Jahan’s Balkh Campaign
6.The Establishment Of The North Indian  Mughal - Persian Relations - the Last Phase
Empire
 Social and Political Background of Bihar 11.India In The First Half Of The Seventeenth
and the Rise of Sher Shah to Power Century
 The Sur Empire (1540-56)  Jahangir’s Accession - his Early Difficulties
 Contributions of Sher Shah  Territorial Consolidation and Expansion of
 Coinage the Empire - Mewar, East India and Kangra
 Architecture  NurJahan, and the NurJahan ‘Junta’ The
Rebellions of Shah Jahan,
7.Consolidation And Expansion Of The Empire  and the coup de main of Mahabat Khan
– Akbar  Jahangir as a Ruler
 Conflict with the Afghans - Hemu  State and Religion in the First Half of the
 2nd Battle of Panipat Seventeenth Century
 Struggle with the Nobility: Bairam Khan’s  Shah Jahan - Consolidation and Expansion
Regency; Revolt of Uzbek Nobles of the Empire
 Early Expansion of the Empire (1560-76) -  Evolution of the Mughal Ruling Class and
Malwa, Garh-Katanga, Rajasthan, Gujarat, the Mansabdari System
Eastern India
 Relations with the Rajputs - Growth of a 12.Climax And Crisis Of The Mughal Empire:
Composite Ruling Class The Marathas And The Deccan
 Rebellions, and Further Expansion of the  Rise of the Marathas - Early Career of
Empire in the North West Shivaji
 Treaty of Purandar - the Agra Visit
8.State And Government Under Akbar  Aurangzeb and the Deccani States (1658-
 Akbar’s Concept of Suzerainty 87)
 Structure of Government, Central and  Marathas and the Decean (1687-1707)
 Provincial -the Vikalat, the Central  Assessment of Aurangzeb and the Jagirdari
Ministries, Provincial Crisis
 Government, District and Local Government
 The Working of Government - the Ruler, 13.The Maratha And Other Indian States And
Land-Revenue System, the Dahsala Society In The 18th Century
System, the Mansabdari System and the  The Marathas and their Policy of Expansion
Army  The Marathas and Nizam-ul-Mulk
 The Maratha Advance into Gujarat and
9.Akbar’s Religious Views Malwa
 Relations with the Ulama and Social  The Maratha Advance into Doab and
Reforms Punjab:
 The Early Phase (1556-73)  First Phase (1741-52); Second Phase
 The Second Phase (1573-80) - the Ibadat (1752-61);
Khana  Third Battle of Panipat
 Debates - the Mahzar - Breach with  Shivaji (1627-1680)
Orthodox  Shivaji’s administration
 Ulama - Re-organisation of Madadd-i-  Successors of Shivaji
Maash Grants  The Peshwas (1713-1818)
 Third or Final Phase - Din-i-Ilahi - State  Other Indian States ( The Bhonsles The
 Policies and religious toleration Gaikwads Holkars Sindhias)
 Economic Condition in 18th Century
10.Foreign Policy Of The Mughals  Social and Cultural Life
 Akbar and the Uzbeks
14.Vijayanagar Empire
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  Sources  The French
 Political History  Anglo-French Rivalry
 Administration  First Carnatic War
 Social and Cultural Life  Rise of the Hyderabad State
 Economic Condition  The Second Carnatic War
 Conflicts with the Bahmani Kingdom  The Third Carnatic War
 Causes of English Success
15.Regional States In The Mediaeval Period
 Regional States of North and South India 2.British Expansion In India
(Bahmani, Bengal, Avadh, The Sikhs,  Bengal
Rajput States Jats Hyderabad Mysore)  Anglo Maratha Wars
 Social and Cultural Conditions  The Subsidiary Alliance System
 Economic Conditions  Second Phase of British
 Military Conditions  Expansion In India
 The Conquest of Sindh
16.Northern India In The First Half Of The  Anglo-Sikh Wars
Eighteenth Century  Doctrine of Lapse
 Bahadur Shah I, and the Beginning of the  Annexation of Oudh
Struggle for Wizarat
 Rajput Affairs 3.Administration Before 1857
 Marathas and the Deccan – Accentuation of  The Dual System
the Party Struggle  The Charter Acts
 Struggle for ‘New’ Wizarat: Zulfiqar Khan  Judicial System
and Jahandar Shah (1712-13)  Impact Of British Administration
 The Sayyid Brothers’ Struggle for ‘New’
Wizarat 4.Economic Policies Of The British
 The Saiyid ‘New’ Wizarat  Phase Of Mercantilism (1757-1813)
 The Wizarat of M. Amin Khan and Nizam-ul-  Phase Of Free Trade (1813-1858)
Mulk  Phase Of Finance Imperialism (1858
 Rise of Regional States, Beginning of Onwards)
Foreign Invasions of India (1725-48)  Land Revenue Policy
 Ryotwari
17.Economic Life-Patterns And Prospects  Mahalwari
 Inland Trade  Permanent Settlement
 Overseas Trade - Role of Foreign Trading  Impact Of British Policy On Indian Economy
 Companies - Position of Indian Merchants  Drain Of Wealth Theory
Over-land Trade
 The Mughal State and Commerce 5.Impact Of British Administration
 Trend of India’s Economy and Prospects  Industrialization—Ruin Of Artisans And
during the First Half of the Eighteenth Handicrafts Men
Century  Impoverishment Of Peasantry
 Emergence Of New Land Relations, Ruin Of
MODERN HISTORY: Old Zamindars
 Stagnation And Deterioration Of Agriculture
 Commercialization Of Indian Agriculture
1.The Advent Of Europeans In India
 Development Of Modern Industry
 The Portuguese in India
 Rise Of Indian Bourgeoisie
 De Almeida
 Economic Drain
 Albuquerque
 Famine And Poverty
 Causes of failure of Portuguese empire in
 Nationalist Critique Of Colonial Economy
India
 Abolition Of The Dual System
 The Dutch in India
 The Danes in India
 The English
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6.The Revolt Of 1857  Secure Press Freedom ,
 Causes Of The Revolt  During and After the First World War
 Economic Causes  During the Second World War
 Political Causes  After Independence
 Administrative Causes
 Socio -Religious Causes 11.Socio-Religious Reforms
 Influence Of Outside Events  Factors causing Reforms
 Discontent Among Sepoy’s  Directions of reforms
 Centres And Spread Of The Revolt  Hindu Reform Movements
 Leaders Of The Revolt  Reform Movements Among Muslims
 Causes Of Failure Of The Revolt  Sikh Reform Movement
 Nature And Impact Of The Revolt  Parsi Reform Movement
 Consequences  Parsi Religious Reform
Association
7.Administrative Changes After 1857  Significance of Reform Movements
 Administration - Central, Provincial, Local  Impact of Reform Movements
 Changes in the Army
 Public Services 12.Personalities
 Princely States  Raja Ram Mohan Roy
 Foreign Policy  Swami Vivekananda
 Swami DayanandaSaraswati
8.Development Of Civil Services  Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
 Indian Civil Services Act, 1861  Keshab Chandra Sen
 Aitchison Committee on Public Services  Sri Ramakrishna Paramahamsa
(1886)  Mahadev Govind Ranade
 Montford Reforms (1919)  Annie Besant–Theosophical Society
 Lee Commission (1924)  Syed Ahmad Khan
 Government of India Act, 1935  Baba Dayal Das
 Pandita Ramabai Sarojini Naidu
9.Development Of Education  Jyotiba Phule
 Charter Act of 1813  Dr.Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar
 Orientalist-Anglicist Controversy
 Efforts of Thomson 13.Peasant, Tribal And Other Movements
 Wood’s Dispatch (1854) Hunter Education  Tribal Movements
Commission (1882-83) o Bhil Uprising
 Indian Universities Act, 1904 o Kol Uprising
 Government Resolution on Education o Santhal Rebellion
Policy—1913 o Jaintia and Garo Rebellion
 Saddler University Commission (1917-19) o Rampa Rebellion
 Education Under Dyarchy o Munda Rebellion
 Hartog Committee (1929) o Khonda Dora Uprisings
 Wardha Scheme of Basic Education (1937) o Tana Bhagat Movement
 Sergeant Plan of Education  Peasant Movements
 Kothari Education Commission (1964-66) o Champaran Satyagraha
 Development of Vernacular Education o Kheda Peasant Struggle
 Development of Technical Education o Bardoli Movement
 Evaluation of British Policy on Education o Moplah Rebellion
o Tebhaga Movement
10.Development Of Press o Telangana Movement
 Different Publications and Journals
 Acts related to Press
 Vernacular Press Act, 1878
 Struggle by Early Nationalists to

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14.Revolutionary Nationalism 17.Indian National Movement – III (1930-1947)
 Early Phase Indian National Congress  Civil Disobedience Movement (1930-1931)
 The Moderate Congress (1885-1905)  First Round Table Conference, 1930
 Opinion Against Economic Exploitation  Gandhi-Irwin Pact, 1931
Administrative Reforms Constitutional  Karachi session of 1931
Reforms : Weaknesses & Evaluation  Second Round Table Conference, 1931
 The Extremist (1905-1920)  Civil Disobedience Movement (Second-
 The Revolutionary Movement Phase)
 Reasons for Failure  Third Round Table Conference (17
 Revolutionary Activities in Maharashtra November 1932)
 Revolutionary Activities in Bengal  Communal Award
 Revival of Revolutionary Nationalism  Poona Pact, 1932
 Surya Sen  Government of India Act, 1935
 Revolutionary Activities Outside India  World War II and Indian Nationalism
 The Indian Independence Committee in  Resignation of Congress Ministers (1939)
Berlin  Poona Resolution and Conditional Support
 Differences between the Moderates and the to Britain (1941)
Extremists  August Offer of 1940
 The Individual Civil Disobedience
15.Indian National Movement – I (1905-1918)  Two-Nation Theory
 Partition of Bengal (1905)  Demand for Pakistan (1942)
 Swadeshi Movement  Cripps Mission (1942)
 Muslim League, 1906  Quit India Movement
 Surat Session of INC, 1907  Azad Hind Fauj
 Indian Council Act (Morley-Minto Act) 1909  Indian National Army
 Ghadar Party, 1913  N.A. Trials
 Komagata Maru Incident 1914  I.N. Rebellion
 The Lucknow Pact (1916)  Rajagopalachari Formula, 1945
 Home Rule Movement (1915–1916)  Desai - Liaquat Pact
 August Declaration, 1917  Cabinet Mission (1946)
 Wavell Plan
16.Indian National Movement – II (1918-1929)  Jinnah’s Direct Action Resolution
 World War I-Reforms and Agitation  Mountbatten Plan of June 1947
 Champaran Satyagraha (1917)  Indian Independence Act 1947
 Ahmedabad Mill Strike (1918)
 Kheda Satyagraha (1918) 18.Governor Generals During British India
 The Government of India Act, 1919  Governor of Bengal (Before 1773)
 Rowlatt Act and Jallianwala Bagh  Governor Generals of Bengal (1773-1833)
 Massacre (1919)  Governor Generals of India (1832-1858)
 Khilafat Movement  Viceroy and Governor Generals of India
 The Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-22) (1858-1947)
 Bardoli Resolution
 Nagpur Session of Congress
 Swaraj Party and its Evaluation
 Muddiman Committee (1924)
ART & CULTURE:
 Simon Commission (1927)
 Bardoli Satyagraha (1928)
VISUAL ARTS
 Nehru Report (1928)
 Jinnah’s Fourteen Points 1.Architecture
 Lahore Session, 1929  Harappan Period
 Allahabad Address (1930)  Mauryan Architecture
 Post-Mauryan Period
 Gupta Period

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  Temples of Khajuraho  Paintings in the Deccan
 Temples of Odisha  Rajput School of Painting
 Temples of Gwalior  Pahari School of Painting
 Temples of Gujarat  Miniature Painting in South India
 Temples of Rajasthan  Regional Paintings
 Temples of Bengal  Modern Paintings
 Temples of Assam  Contemporary Paintings
 Temples of Himachal Pradesh
 Temples of Jammu and Kashmir 5.Pottery Tradition
 Pallava Period Temples  Ochre: Coloured Pottery (OCP)
 Chola Period Temples  Black and Red Ware (BRW)
 Pandya Temples  Painted Grey Ware (PGW)
 Vijaynagar Period Temples  Northern Black Polished Ware (NBPW)
 NayakaTemples  Glazed and Unglazed Pottery
 Temples of Kerala
 Rashtrakuta Period Temples 7.Numismatics
 Schools of Temple Architecture  Coinage
 Nagara Style
 Vesara Style PERFORMING ARTS
 Hoysala Style 8.Music in India
 Dravidian Style  Classical Indian Music
 Hindustani Music
2.Indo-Islamic Architecture  Gharanas
 Imperial Style (Delhi Sultanate)  Carnatic Music
 Provincial Style  Main Pillars of Indian Music
 Mughal Style  Forms of Indian Music
 Sikh Style of Architecture  Musical Instruments
 Avadh (Oudh) Style  Institutions Related to Music in India
 Rajput Architecture  Folk Music
 Jaina Art
9.Dances in India
3.Modern Architecture  Concept of Dance in India
 European Influence  Concept of Ashta Nayika
 Portuguese  Rasa and Bhava
 Danish  Eight Classical Dance Forms in India
 British  Folk Dances
 Indo-Saracenic Architecture  Modern Dances
 Post-Independence Period  Sports in India
 Various Type of Sports
4.Sculptures
 Sculptures of Harappan Civilisation 10.Genesis of Martial Arts
 Sculptures of Mauryan Age  Forms of Traditional Martial Arts
 Post-Mauryan Period  Animal Sports
 Jain Sculptures  Indian Theatre
 Buddhist Sculpture  History of Theatre in India
 Gupta Sculpture  Classical Sanskrit Theatre
 Medieval School of Sculpture  Traditional Theatre
 Modern Indian Sculpture  Regional Theatre
 Modern Theatre in India
5.Paintings  Renaissance of Indian Theatre
 Cave Paintings  Cinema in India
 Tradition of Mural Paintings in India  History of Indian Cinema
 Tradition of Miniature Paintings in India  Classification of Indian Cinema Film
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11.Indian Puppetry  Meteor
 String Puppets  Kupier belt
 Shadow Puppets  Comets
 Rod Puppets  Dwarf planets
 Glove puppets  Earth Evolution
 Modern Puppetry  Geological History of Earth
 Tribal Puppetry  Evolution of the Earth Layered Structure
 Evolution of Lithosphere
12.Literature  Evolution of Atmosphere
 Religions in-India  Evolution of Hydrosphere
 Pre-Vedic Religion  Latitude and Longitude including important
 Hinduism Parallels and Meridians
 Buddhism  Motions of the Earth - Rotation, Revolution
 Jainism and their effects
 Sikhism  Inclination of the Earth’s Axis and its effects
 Islam  Time Zones, Local and Standard Time and
 Christianity the International Date Line, Calendar
 Zoroastrianism  Eclipses - Solar, Lunar
 Judaism  Earth’s magnetic field
 Philosophy in India  Earth’s Geological time scale
 Bhakti Movement
 Saints of Bhakti Movement GEOMORPHOLOGY
 Sufism
2.Earth’s Interior
13.Miscellaneous  Interior of the Earth
 Government Cultural Institutions in India  Crust
 UNESCO’s List of Cultural Heritage in India  Mantle
 Protection and Promotion of Indian Culture  Core
and Heritage: Legal Provisions
 Schemes and Awards 3.Sources of Information
 Awards and Honours Associated with  Direct
Culture  Indirect - Earth Quake Waves Volcanoes
 International Yoga Day
 Indian Handicrafts 4.Geology and Rock system
 Personalities Related to Culture  Minerals
 Places of Cultural Interest  Major Elements of the Earth’s Crust
 The Calendar & the Eras  Minerals – Feldspar, Quartz, Pyroxene
 Science and Technology in Ancient India Amphibole, Mica, Olivine
 Physical Characteristics–Crystal Form,
GEOGRAPHY: Cleavage Fracture, Lusture, Color, Streak
 Transparency, Structure, Hardness, Specific
World Geography Gravity
 Metallic minerals – precious Ferrous, Non-
GENERAL GEOGRAPHY Ferrous
 Non-metallic Minerals – Sulphur,
1.Universe Phosphates, Cement
 Theories of development of Universe
 Galaxy 5.Rocks (Aggregate of Minerals)
 Star formation  Petrology
 Planet formation  Rocks & landforms
 Solar system  Rocks & Soils
 Moon  3 Family of Rocks
 Asteroid  Igneous
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  Sedimentary 11.Evidence in support of Continental Drift
 Metamorphic Theory
 Geomorphic Processes  Jigsaw Fit
 Earth’s Surface  Rocks of Same age across oceans
 Exogenic Forces  Tillite
 Endogenic Forces  Placer Deposits
 Gradation, Degradation & Agradation  Distribution of Fossils

6.Endogenic Forces 12.Sea Floor Spreading

 Diastrophism  Forces of Drifting
 Orogenic  Pole Fleeing Force
 Epierogenic  Tidal Force
 Earthquakes  Post Drift Studies
 Plate movements  Convectional Current Theory
 Volcanism  Mapping of the Ocean Floor

7.Exogenic Forces 13.Plate Tectonics

 Denudation Processes  Lithospheric Plates - Major Plate - Minor
 Weathering Plates
 Mass movements  Plate Boundaries – Divergent – Convergent
 Erosion Transportation & Deposition – Transform
 Earthquakes and Volcanism  Rates of Plate Movements
 Force of plate movement
8.Earthquakes  Indian Plate
 Waves: P, S, Body, Surface,
 Shadow Zone 14.Landforms and their evolution
 Types of Earthquakes Causes
 Effects  Geomorphic Processes
 Frequency  Geomorphic Agents
 Locating an Epicentre  Geomorphic Agent
 Erosional or Destructional
9.Volcanism  Depositional or Constructional
 Types
 Shield 15.Agents and their Impacts - Wind, Running
 Composite Water, Ground Water, Glaciers, Waves & Currents.
 Caldera
 Flood Basalt Winds
 Mid Ocean Ridge As agents in Hot deserts
 Landforms (intrusive)  Cause – Deflation Abrasion Impact
 Batholiths Erosional landforms
 Lacoliths  Pediments and Pediplains
 Lopoliths  Playas
 Phacoliths  Deflation Hollows and Caves
 Sills  Mushroom, Table & Pedestal Rocks
 Dykes
Depositional Landforms
10.Distribution of Continents & Oceans  Barchans
 Theories  Seif
 Continental Drift Theory  Parabolic
 Alfred Wegner  Transverse
 Pangea, Panthalasa  Longitudinal
 Laurasia, Gondwanaland

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Running Water Erosional Landforms
Erosional Landforms  Cliffs
 Valleys  Terraces
 Rills  Caves
 Gullies  Stacks
 Valleys – V Shape , Gorge (Hard Rocks), Depositional Landforms
Canyon (Sedimentary)  Beaches and Dunes
 Potholes & Plunge pools  Bars, Barriers, Spits
 Incised or entrenched meanders
 River Terraces – paired & unpaired 16.Weathering Factors
 Geological
Depositional Landforms  Climatic
 Alluvial Fans  Topograhic
 Delta  Vegetative
 Flood plains, Natural Levees, Point Bars
 Meansders, Slip off bank, Under cut bank 17.Major Processes
 Oxbow lake  Chemical
 Braided Channels  Physical or Mechanical
 Biological
Ground Water (Karst Topography)
 Permeable Rocks Chemical – Forces Chemical Action
 Percolation  Solution
 Bedding Plains  Carbonation
 Limestone and Dolomite Regions  Hydration
 Balkans , Adjacent to Adriatic regions  Oxidation & Reduction
Erosional Landforms
 Pools - Swallow Hole, Valley Sinks Physical Forces
(Uvalas), Sinkholes, Collapse sinks  Gravitational, Expansion, Water Pressure
(Dolines), Lapies, Ridges, Limestone  Unloading & Expansion
Pavements  Temperature changes and Expansion
 Caves – Altering bed of Rocks (Shale  Freezing, Thawing, & Frost Wedging
sandstone quartzit, Caves and Tunnels  Salt Weathering
Depositional landforms
 Stalactites Biological Weathering
 Stalagmites  Burrowing
 Pillar Columns  Wedging
 Plant Roots
Glaciers
Erosional Landforms Effects of Weathering
 Cirque of Tarn Lakes  Exfoliation (Flakin) – Exfoliation Domes
 Hors and Serrated Regions – Arete  Significance of Weathering
 Glacial Valleys / Troughs – Fiords
OCEANOGRAPHY
Depositional Landforms
 Glacial Tills 18.Relief of the Ocean floor(Major)
 Moraines  Divisions of the ocean floor
 Eskers  Continental Shelf
 Outwash Planes  Continental Slope
 Drumlins  Deep sea plain
 Oceanic deep and Trenches
Waves and Currents
 High Rocky Coasts &
 Low Sedimentary Coasts

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19.Minor relief features 23.Ocean Currents
 Mid oceanic ridges  Primary Force that initiates the movement
 Seamount  Heating of solar energy
 Submarine canyons  Wind
 Guyots  Gravity
 Volcanic Islands  Coriolis force
 Fracture Zones  Secondary force that influences the currents
 Hotspots to flow
 Coral Islands  Types of ocean currents:
 Atoll  Surface currents & Deep-water currents
based on Depth
20.Temperature and Salinity  Cold and Warm Currents based on
 Temperature of the Ocean Water Temperature
 Vertical  Major Ocean currents of the World
 Spatial  Effects of Ocean Currents
 Marine Resources
Factors affecting Temperature distribution
 Latitude 24.Coral Reefs
 Unequal distribution of land & Water  Types
 Prevailing wind  Conditions for formation
 Ocean Currents  Coral bleaching
Horizontal & Vertical Distribution CLIMATOLOGY
 Salinity of the Ocean Water
 Factors affecting salinity
25.Atmosphere
 Evaporation and precipitation
 Composition
 Fresh water flow from rivers
 Gases
 Horizontals distribution of salinity
 Water Vapor
 Vertical Distribution of salinity
 Dust Particles
 Density of Ocean Waters
 Structure
 Exosphere
21.Waves
 Thermosphere
 Motion of waves and water molecules
 Mesosphere
 Characteristics of wave
 Stratosphere
 Crest and Trough
 Troposphere
 Height
 Altitude vs. Temperature
 Amplitude
 Inversion of Temperature
 Period
 Length
26.Temperature
 Speed
 Factors controlling Temp distribution
 Frequency
 Distribution of Temp Month of January-July
 Range of Temp Month of January-July
22.Tides
 Inversion of Temperature
 Relation between Gravitational Forces and
Tides 27.Insolation and Heat Budget
 Tidal currents
 Solar Radiation Heat Balance Temperature
 Types of Tides
Insolation
 Based on Frequency – Semi Diurnal,
 Aphelion and Perihelion
Diurnal, mixed
 Variability of Insolation at the surface of the
 Based on SME position – spring and Neap
Earth
Tides
 Day Season Year
 Importance of Tides
 Rotation on Axis, Angle of Inclination of sun
rays, Length of the day
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  Different names of cyclones
28.Heat Balance  Tornadoes (Twisters)
 Heating and cooling of atmosphere
 Conduction
 Convection 33.Water in the Atmosphere
 Advection  Water Vapour
 Terrestrial Radiation  Precipitation
 Heat Budget of the Planet Earth  Humidity – Absolute and Relative
 Macro Budget  Saturation – Dew Point
 Albedo  Evaporation and Condensation
 Shortwave Radiation  Dew
 Long wave Earth Radiation  Frost
 Variation in the net Heat Budget at the  Fog & Mist
Earth’s Surface
 Winds and Pressure belts 34.Clouds
 Atmospheric Circulation and Weather  Types – Cirrus, Cumulus, Stratus, Nimbus
Systems  High – Cirrus, Cirrostratus, Cirrocumulus
 Middle – Altostratus, Altocumulus
29.Atmospheric Pressure  Low – Stratocumulus, Nimbostratus
 Vertical variation of pressure  Vertical Development – Cumulus and
 Horizontal distribution of pressure Cumulonimbus
 World Distribution of Sea Level Pressure
 Factors affecting the velocity and direction 35.Precipitation
of the Wind  Rainfall, Snowfall, Sleet Hail, Hailstones
 Pressure Gradient Force  Types of Rainfall
 Frictional Force  Conventional
 Coriolis Force  Orographic
 Pressure and Wind (Cyclonic & Anticyclone  Cyclonic
Circulation)  World Distribution of Rainfall

30.General Circulation of the Atmosphere 36.Climatic Zones of the World

 Pattern of Planetary Winds Koppen’s Classification Climatic Zones
 Latitudinal Variation of Atmospheric Heating
 Emergence of Pressure Belts 37.World Climate
 Migration of Belts Following apparent Path  The Hot, Wet Equatorial Climate
of Sun  The Tropical Monsoon and Tropical Marine
 Distribution of continents & Oceans Climates
 Rotation of the Earth  The Savanna or Sudan Climate
 The Hot Desert and Mid-Latitude Desert
31.Circulation Climates
 Simplified Global Circulation – Hadley Cell ,  The Warm Temperate Western Margin
Ferrel Cell (Mediterranean) Climate
 Seasonal Wind  The Temperate Continental (Steppe
 Local Wind Climate)
 Land and Sea Breezes  The Warm Temperate Eastern Margin
 Mountain and Valley Winds (China Type Climate)
 Air Mass, Fronts, Cyclones and Jet Stream  The Cool Temperate Western Margin
 Air mass & fronts (British Type Climate)
 The Cool Temperate Continental (Siberian)
32.Cyclones Climate
 Conditions for formation  The Cool Temperate Eastern Margin
 Types of cyclones (Lauren-tian) Climate
 Impact of cyclones  The Arctic or Polar Climate

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BIO-GEOGRAPHY  Doubling time of world population
 Spatial pattern of Population change
38.Soil Characteristics  Impact of Population Change
 Factors Responsible for Soil Formation
 Stages of Soil Formation 45.Population
 Soil Forming Processes  Demographic Transition Theory
 Soil Profiles and Horizons  Demographic Cycle
 Soil Classification  Theories of population growth
 Soil Erosion and Conservation  Malthusian theory
 Marxian theory
39.Vegetation resources  Demographic Transition Theory
 Types of natural vegetation  Optimum population
 Forests  Over-population
 Significance of forests  Under-population
 Economic significance, Ecological  Population Control Measures
significance
 Cultural significance 46.Economic Activities
 Factors of forest development  Primary Activities
 Extent of forest cover  Hunting and Gathering Pastoralism
 Classification of forests  Nomadic Herding
 Commercial livestock Rearing
40.Grasslands  Agriculture
 Desert vegetation  Subsistence Agriculture
 Tundra Vegetation  Primitive Subsistence Agriculture
 Economic utilization of forests  Intensive Subsistence Agriculture
 Planation Agriculture
41.Deforestation  Extensive Commercial Grain Cultivation
 Deforestation in tropical forests  Mixed Farming
 Deforestation in temperate forests  Dairy Farming
 Rate and extent of deforestation  Mediterranean Agriculture
 Causes and factors of deforestation:  Viticulture
Immediate causes of deforestation  Market Gardening and Horticulture – Truck
 Indirect deforestation Farming
 Underlying causes of deforestation  Cooperative Farming
 Collective Farming
42.Conservation of forests
 Forest conservation strategies 47.Mining
 Reforestation  Factors affecting Mining
 Monoculture plantation  Methods of Mining – Open Cast and
underground mining
43.Afforestation  Secondary Activities
 Types of forestry  Manufacturing
 Social forestry  Characteristics of Modern large-scale
 Agro-forestry Manufacturing
 Specialisation of Skills/ methods of
HUMAN AND ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY OF THE Production, Mechanisation - Technological
WORLD Innovation

44.Migration 48.Gateways of International Trade

 Immigration  Ports
 Emigration  Industrial Ports
 Push Factors and Pull Factors  Commercial Ports
 Trends in Population Growth  Comprehensive Ports
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  Inland Ports  Brahmaputra river system
 Out Ports  Peninsular River System
 Oil Ports  East flowing Rivers
 Port of call  West flowing Rivers
 Packet station  Mains Rivers and their tributaries
 Entrepot Ports  Famous cities and river banks
 Naval Ports
3.Climate
49.Settlements  Factors influencing the climate of India
 Types and Patterns of settlements  Monsoon
 Compact of Nucleated Settlements  Mechanism of the Monsoon
 Dispersed settlement  Classical Theory
  Modern theory
Rural Settlements  Air mass theory
 Factors affecting location of rural  Jet stream theory
settlements  EL NINO and LA NINA
 Patterns of Rural settlements  Seasonal rhythm
 Koppen’s Climatic classification
Urban Settlements  Indian Droughts and Floods
 Classification of Urban Settlements
 Factors affecting location of rural 4.Soils in India
settlements  Soil Acidity
 Functions of Urban Centre  Soil textures
 Classification of Towns on the basis of  Minerals of Soil
Forms  Soil Erosion
 Types of Urban Settlements  Soil Conservation
 Town, City, Conurbation, Megalopolis,
Million City 5.Natural Vegetation
 Issues of Urbanization in India  Vegetation
 Rural Urban Migration  Mangroves
 Emergence of Slums  Distribution of Forest Area
 Inclusive Cities/Smart cities  Forest Problems in India

INDIAN GEOGRAPHY 6.Population

 Size, growth rate and distribution of
1.Physiography of India population
 Geological Region  India in World Population
 Location  Demographic transition
 Physiographic Sub-Units  Census in India
 Himalayans  Ranking of States and Union
 Northern Plains  Population Growth Rates
 Peninsular Plateau  Population: States and UT
 Thar Desert  Decadal growth rate
 Coastal Plains  National Population Policy
 The Islands  Density of population
 Literacy
 Literacy in major states
2.Drainage System  Literacy rate in India
 Classification of Drainage  Gender composition of the Population
 Himalayan Drainage  Trends in Sex Ratio in India
 Indus river system  Child sex ratio in age group 0-6 yrs
 Indus drainage system  Sex ratio of age 7 years and above
 Ganga River System population

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  Old Age People  Natural gas: Reserves and Production
 Health Indicators
9.Hydro-electricity
7.Mineral Resource  Advantages of hydro-electricity
 Types of minerals: Metallic minerals  Ideal conditions for generation of hydro-
 Non-metallic mineral electricity
 Distribution of minerals and mining regions  Distribution of potential hydro-power
 Distribution, production and international  Hydro-electric power generation in India
trade of Metallic minerals: Ferrous metals:
Iron ore 10.Atomic (nuclear) energy
 Ferro-alloys and non-ferrous  Atomic: source minerals: Uranium
 Manganese  World distribution of Uranium
 Chromium  Production of Uranium
 Nickel  Thorium
 Tungsten  Production of Atomic (Nuclear) Energy
 Antimony
 Copper 11.Alternative (non-conventional) sources of
 Bauxite and Aluminum energy
 Zinc; Lead  Solar energy
 Tin  Wind energy
 Gold  Geothermal power
 Silver  Tidal energy
 Platinum  Wave energy
 Mineral chemicals  Biomass energy
 Mica
 Potash 12.Agriculture Basic Terminologies
 Phosphate  Performance of the agriculture sector
 Nitrates  Types of farming in India
 Sulphur  Dry zone farming
 Conservation of mineral resources  Organic farming
 Cropping seasons in India
8.Energy Resources  Cropping Pattern in India
 Classification of energy  Agriculture regionalization
 Production of conventional energy  Infrastructure factors: Seeds; Fertilizers;
 General trends of energy production and Irrigation
consumption  Land use pattern in India
 Reserves and sources of energy  Agricultural revolutions
 Coal  Agricultural laborer’s
 Nature and origin of coal  Price Policy for Agriculture
 Constituents and kinds of coal  Agricultural marketing
 Coal fields and coal production  Agricultural Insurance
 Byproducts of coal  Agricultural Census
 Conservation of Coal  Major schemes in agricultural sector
 Petroleum  National Policy for farmers
 Nature and properties of petroleum  Impact of climate change on agriculture
 Origin and recovery  What is sustainable agriculture?
 Exploration  Use of IT in agriculture
 Petroleum refining  Agriculture Issues and Challenges
 Petroleum reserves
 Producing areas
 Consumption of petroleum
 International trade
 OPEC and its role in oil trade

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13.Productivity of Crops and conditions for  International trade
growth  Substitutes of Jute: Flax, Hemp
Raw Silk
Wheat  Production pattern
 Conditions of growth  States
 Varieties Natural Rubber
 Types of cultivation  Other sources of rubber
 Production pattern  Plantations in South-east Asia
 International trade  Production pattern
Rice Sugarcane
 Conditions of growth  Conditions of growth
 Varieties  Production pattern
 Methods of cultivation  International trade
 Production pattern  Sugar Beet—Conditions of growth
 International trade  Production pattern
Maize (Corn)  Sugar industry
 Conditions of growth  Sugar consumption
 Production pattern  International trade.
 International trade
Barley 15.Industry
 Conditions of growth  Industrial development
 Production pattern
 International trade 16.Iron and Steel Industry
Beverages  Location of iron and steel industry
 Tea  Development of iron manufacture
 Condition of growth  Distribution of iron and steel industry
 Production pattern  Global steel production
 International trade  International trade in Steel
Coffee
 Types of coffee 17.Textile Industry
 Conditions of growth  Cotton Textile Industry: Location of the
 Production pattern industry
 International trade  Recent trends in localization
Cocoa  Distribution and production of cotton textiles
 Conditions of growth  Woolen textile industry: Location of the
 Production pattern industry
 International trade  Silk textile industry: Raw silk manufacture
Tobacco  Silk textile manufacturing
 Conditions of growth  Synthetic (artificial) silk industry
 Production pattern  Distribution of man-made fiber and fabrics
 International trade
18.Engineering Industries
 Machine tools and machines: Areas of
14.Fibre Crops production
 Industrial machinery: Textile machinery
Cotton  Agricultural machinery
 Varieties of cotton  Manufacturing of transport equipment
 Conditions of growth  Automobile industry
 Production pattern  Shipbuilding
 International trade  Aircrafts Industry
Jute  Fertiliser industry: Nitrogen fertilisers
 Conditions of growth  Phosphate fertilisers
 Production pattern  Potash fertilisers

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  Agro-industries  Communalism
 Synthetic rubber industry  Social Inequalities
 Pulp and paper industry: Essential  Regional Disparities
conditions for pulp production  Ethno-Nationality and Ethnic Conflicts
 Production of paper and paper board  Tribal Identity
 Newsprint  Basic Sociological Concepts
 Cement industry  The Family and Kinship
 Distribution of cement industry  Concept of Patriarchy In India

19.Transport 3.Women Movements

 Importance and development of transport  19th Century Women Movements – Under
 Means of transport Social Reform Movements
 Transport costs and economic distance  Women’s Issues During Gandhian Era
 Operating costs in transport  Issues in Post-Independence Era
 Relative importance of means of transport:  Violence Against Women
Railways, Roads, Pipeline, Oceans, Air  Developmental Movement
transport  Uniform Civil Code
 Profits and freight rates  Feminism and Post Feminism
 Government’s transport policy
 Ocean transport routes 4.Caste System
 Inland waterways  Concept of Casteism in India
 Main regions of inland waterways  Caste and Politics
 Railways: Factors affecting the railroads  The Reservation Policy Debate
 Distribution of railroads in the world  Social Justice and Social Development
 Air transport: Factors influencing air
transport 5.Social security in India
 Air transport in various continents  Concept
 Pipeline transport  Social Security System in India
 Petroleum (oil) pipelines  Organized Sector and Social Security
 Gas pipelines  Unorganised Sector and Social Security
 Centrally Funded Social Assistance
Programmes
 Public Initiatives
INDIAN SOCIETY:  Review of the implementation of Social
Security Laws in the Country
1.Unity in Diversity  Suggestions for Improving the Social
 Concepts of Unity and Diversity Security Matrix
 Forms of Diversity in India  Social security code for all
 Reasons for so much Diversity
 Bonds of Unity In India 6.Poverty
 Geo-political Unity  Dimensions of Poverty
 The Institution of Pilgrimage  Linkage between Poverty and Development
 Tradition of Accommodation  Recommendations of Rangarajan
 Tradition of Interdependence Committee Report
 Role of Sensitive Leaders  Poverty Alleviation Strategy Since
 Constitutional Safeguards – Role of Independence
Constitution Framers  Programmes for Poverty Alleviation
 Concept of Inequality
2.Challenges of Diversity
 Diversity of Constituents 7.Globalisation
 Regionalism and Cultural Identities  Meaning of Globalization
 Casteism  Reasons for Globalization
 Linguism  Dimensions/Impact

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  Political  Ahead on Malaria: On reduction in cases in
 Cultural and Social India
 Economic  India and Neglected Disease Treatment
 Anti-Globalization Movement  TB Status in India and Bedaquiline Patent
Challenge
8.Contemporary Issues  Status of E-Pharmacies in India
 Secularism, Regionalism & Communalism  Changes Proposed in No Detention Policy
 Secularism and Anti Conversion  National Policy on Education
 Regionalism: Demand for Smaller States  Capacity Building for Primary Health Care
 Socio-Economic Caste Census,  NITI Aayog on Privatisation of Urban Health
2011 Care
 Gender Discrimination in the Corporate  National Health Policy, 2017
Sector  Regulating Private Healthcare
 India’s Nutrition Challenge
9.Issues related to Women  Food Fortification
 Gender Discrimination in Corporate Sector  Sanitation and Nutrition Linkage
 Female Genital Mutilation  Ayushman Bharat
 Bill on Banning Triple Talaq
 Issues of women entry to place of worship POLITY:
 Adultery No Longer a Crime : SC
 Unwanted Girls in India 1.Evolution of the Constitution
 Altruistic Surrogacy in India  The Company Rule (1773-1858)
 Women in Panchayats  Regulating Act, 1773
 Women Participation in Economy  Amending Act, 1781
 # Me Too Movement  Pitt’s India Act, 1784
 Draft National Policy for Women, 2016  Amending Act of 1786
 Laws Related to Stalking in India  Charter Act, 1793
 Debate on the Issue of Marital Rape  Charter Act, 1813
 India’s Maternity Laws need Serious  Charter Act, 1833
Tweaking  Charter Act, 1853
 Women in Judiciary Matters  The Crown Rule (1858-1947)
 SC’s Judgement on Dowry  Government of India Act, 1858
 Gender Budgeting: Critical Analysis  Indian Councils Act, 1861
 Indian Councils Act, 1892
10.Issues related to children  Indian Councils Act, 1909
 Issues Faced by Children in War Zone  Government of India Act, 1919
 High Dropout Rate of Girls in India  Simon Commission
 Child Trafficking  Government of India Act, 1935
 Safety of Children in Schools  Indian Independence Act, 1947
 Issue of Malnutrition in India
 Amendments Proposed in Child Labour Act 2.Drafting and Sources of Indian Constitution)
 Plight of Street Children  Seminal Sources
 Juvenile Justice System  External Sources
 Child Marriages in India  Developmental Sources
 Death for child Rape  Constitutional Practices
 Draft National Child Protection Policy  Important Committees of the Constituent
 National Action Plan for Children, 2016 Assembly and their Chairman
11.Health & Education 3.Salient features of Indian Constitution
 Status Health sector  Constitution and Types
 Status of Education sector  What is a Constitution?
 Allied Health Care Professions Bill, 2018  Types of Constitution
 Functions of the Constitution
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  Historical evolution of the Constitution  Article 4: Laws made under article 2 and 3
 Constituent Assembly to provide for the amendment of the First
 Objectives of the Constitution and the Fourth Schedule and Supplemental.
 Unitary features  Delimitation Commission
 Federal features
 Types of Political System 9.Citizenship
 Types of Political System  Constitutional Provisions
 Constitutional provisions of citizenship
4.Types of Government  Citizenship Act, 1955
 Parliamentary form of government  The Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2016
 Features of the Presidential System  Methodology of getting citizenship
 Features of Semi-Presidential System  Modes of Losing the Citizenship of India
 Concept of dual citizenship
5.Types of Majorities as per the Indian  Special privileges enjoyed by citizens in
Constitution India
 Absolute Majority  Rights and Duties of Citizens
 Effective Majority  Indian Diaspora
 Simple Majority  Pravasi Bhartiya Divas
 Special Majority  Non-Resident Indians

6.Preamble and Values in the Constitution 10.Fundamental Rights

 The objectives laid down in the Preamble  Evolution Objectives and Features
 Whether the Preamble is a part of the  Meaning
Constitution or not?  Objectives
 Whether Preamble can be amended or not?  Features
 Ideals (mentioned in the Preamble)  Importance
 Democratic  Restrictive limitations on fundamental rights
 Sovereign  Article 12 and Article 13
 Socialist  Definition of state
 Secular  Laws Inconsistent with Fundamental Rights
 Republic  Right to Equality
 Justice  Article 14: Equality before the law or the
 Equality Equal protection of Law
 Liberty  Article 15: Prohibition of Discrimination On
 Fraternity the grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or
 Integrity place of birth
 Article 16: Equality of Opportunity In matters
7.Amendment of the Constitution of Public Employment
 Procedure for amendment  Article 17: Abolition of Untouchability
 Types of Amendments  Article 18: Abolition of Titles
 Amendability of FR’s  Right to Freedom
 Ingredients of basic structure  Article 19
 Article 20: (Protection in respect of
8.Union and its Territory conviction for offences)
 Article 1: Name and Territory of the Union  Article 21: Protection of life and personal
 Committee/commission for StateRe- liberty
organisation  Article 22: Protection against arrest and
 The State Reorganisation detention
Commission(SRC) 1953  Right against Exploitation
 Article 2: Admit or Establish new State  Article 23: Prohibition of Trafficking human
 Article 3: Formation of new States and beings and forced labour
alternation of areas, boundaries or names of  Article 24: Prohibition of employment of
existing States children in factories, etc

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  Right to Freedom of Religion  Article: 49
 Article 25: Freedom of conscience and free  Article: 50
profession, practice and propagation or  Article: 51
religion
 Article 26: Freedom to manage religious 12.Directive Principle Outside Part IV
affairs  Article 335
 Article 27: Freedom from payment of taxes  Article 350-A
for promotion of any particular religion.  Article 351
 Article 28: Freedom from attendance
religious instruction or worship in 13.Fundamental Duties
educational institutions  Article: 51A
 Cultural and Educational Rights  Features
 Article 29: Protection of interest of Minorities  Relation between of Fundamental Rights
 Article 30: Right of minorities to establish and Fundamental Duties
and administer educational institutions  List Of Fundamental Duties
 Right to Constitutional Remedies  86th Constitutional Amendment Act 2003:
 Article 32: Right to Constitutional Remedies: RTE
o Habeas Corpus  Recent Developments
o Mandamus
o Certiorari 14.System of Governance
o Prohibition  Centre-State Relations
o Quo Warranto  Legislative relations (Articles) 245
 Article 33  Related to Territorial Powers
 Article 34  Related to Legislative Powers
 Article 35  Related to Parliament’s Powersto make
 Article 35A Laws in State
 Sarkaria Commission’s Opinion on
11.Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) Legislative Relations
 Evolution, objectives, and features  Administrative Relations
 Basic features  Delegation of Union Functions to the States
 Types  Sarkaria Commission’s Opinion on
 Amendments Administrative Relations
 Implementation  Financial relations
Socialist Principles  National Integration Council
 Article: 38  Inter State Relation
 Article:39  Interstate water dispute
 Article: 39A  Interstate councils
 Article: 41  Interstate trade and commerce
 Article: 42  Zonal Councils
 Article: 43  Special Provisions for some States
 Article: 43-A  Provisions for Maharashtra and Gujarat,
 Article: 47 Nagaland, Assam and Manipur
Gandhian Principles  Provisions for Jammu and Kashmir (A370)
 Article: 40 (now abrogated)
 Article: 43
 Article: 46 15.Emergency Provisions
 Article: 47  Types of Emergencies
 Article: 48  National Emergency
Liberal-Intellectual Principles  Constitutional/State Emergency /President’s
 Article: 44 Rule
 Article: 45  Financial Emergency
 Article: 48
 Article: 48A

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UNION EXECUTIVE
UNION LEGISLATURE
16.President
 Eligibility 20.Organisation of Parliament
 Conditions of Office  Organisation of Parliament
 Term of Office  Qualifications and Disqualifications for being
 Election a Member of Parliament (Article 84)
 Manner of Election  Functions of the Parliament
 Impeachment of the President  Functioning of the Parliament
 Impeachment of the President  Sessions of Parliament
 Vacancy in the Office of President  Devices of Parliamentary Proceedings
 Powers of the President  Parliamentary Privileges and Immunities
 Executive powers (Article 53)  Collective Privileges of the House
 Legislative Powers  Individual Privileges
 Financial Powers
 Ordinance Issuing Power (Article 123) 21.Houses of the Parliament
 Judicial/Pardoning Power  Parliament, Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha
 Military  Lok Sabha Composition
 Diplomatic  Rajya Sabha Composition
 Emergency Powers  Presiding Officers of the Parliament
 Speaker
17.Vice President  Powers & Functions of the speaker
 Qualification  Deputy Speaker
 Conditions of Office  Panel of Chairpersons of Lok Sabha
 Term of Office  Speaker Pro Tem
 Election  Chairman of Rajya Sabha
 Removal  Deputy Chairman of Rajya Sabha
 Vacancy  Panel of Vice-Chairpersons of Rajya Sabha
 Functions of the Vice-President  Chairman and Deputy chairman of the
Council of States
18.Prime Minister  Legislative Procedure and Committees of
 Appointment Parliament
 Eligibility
 Powers and Functions of Prime Minister 22.Legislative Procedure in Parliament
 Relationship between the President  Ordinary Bill
 and the Prime Minister  Money Bill
 Deputy Prime Minister  Financial Bill
 Prime Minister’s Office  Constitution Amendment Bill
 Lapsing of Bills
19.Union Council of Minister  Annual Financial Statement: Budget (Article
 Article 74: Council of Ministers to aid and 112)
advice President  Demand of Grants
 Article 75: Other Provisions as to Ministers  Appropriation Bill
 Article 77: Conduct of Business Of the  Cut motions
Government of India  Stages in Enactment of Budget
 Article 78: Duties of Prime Minister  Other Grants
 Nature of advice by Ministers  Related Information of Budget
 Strength of the Council  Parliamentary committees
 Appointment of a Non-legislator as a
Minister STATE EXECUTIVE
 Collective responsibility of the Ministers
 Individual Responsibility of Ministers 23.Governor
 Article 152: Definition
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  Article 153: Governors of States  74th Constitutional Amendment Act
 Article 154: Executive power of State  Types of Urban Governments In India
 Powers of Governor
 Executive power 27.Union territories and Special areas
 Legislative power  Union Territories
 Financial Power  Creation of Union Territories
 Judicial Power  Administration of UT’s
 Discretionary power  Special provisions for Delhi
 Article 155: Appointment of Governor  Special Category Status
 Article 156: Term of office of Governor  Schedule and Tribal Areas
 Article 157: Qualifications for Appointment  Administration of Schedule Areas
as Governor  Administration of Tribal areas
 Article 158: Conditions of Governor’s office
 Article 159: Oath or affirmation by the JUDICIARY
Governor
 Article 160: Discharge of the functions of the 28.The Supreme Court
Governor in certain contingencies  Chief Justice of India
 Article 161  Acting Chief Justice of India
 Article 162: Extent of executive power of  Appointment of Supreme Court Judges
State  Qualifications for Supreme Court Judges
 Recommendations on the office of Governor  Removal of a Supreme Court Judges
 ARC (Administrative Reforms Commission)  Process of Impeachment
 Sarkaria Commission  Ad hoc and Retired Judges
 National Commission to Review the working  Salaries and allowances of Supreme Court
of the Constitution Judges
 Chief Justices of India (Since 1951)
24.The Chief Minister and the COM  Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court
 Powers and Functions of Chief Minister  Judicial Independence
 In Relation to Council of Ministers  Judiciary Executive Relations
 In relation to the Governor
 In Relation to State Legislature 29.The High Court Subordinate Courts
 Other Powers and Functions  The High Courts
 Composition of the Council of Ministers  Jurisdiction of the High Courts
 Responsibility of Ministers  Subordinate Courts
 Advocate-General for the State  Gram Nyayalayas Act, 2008
 Alternative dispute Resolution
25.State Legislature
 Legislative Assembly 30.Lok Adalat
 Legislative Assembly (Vidhan Sabha)  All India Judicial Service
 Powers and Functions  E-governance in Judiciary
 Speaker & Deputy Speaker  Judicial Impact Assessment
 Parliament’s Control over State Legislature  Judges Standards and Accountability Bill,
 Legislative Council (Article 169) 2010
 Qualifications  National Legal Services Authority (NALSA)
 Powers and Functions
31.Constitutional Bodies
26.Local Government Finance Commission
 Panchayati Raj  Constitution
 Evolution of the Panchayati Raj Institution  Functions
(PRI) Comptroller And Auditor General of India
 73rd Amendment Act of 1992  Comptroller and Auditor-General
 Compulsory and Voluntary Provisions Attorney-General of India
 Urban Local Government  Appointment
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  Functions and Responsibilities  Public sector undertakings
Other Constitutional Bodies  The Executive organisation
 All India Services  Advantages of the separation of secretariat
 Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) and executive organisation.
 State Public Service Commission (SPSC)  Strengths and weaknesses of the existing
 Joint State public Service Commission structure
(JSPSC)  Recommendations for improving the
 National Commission for SCs Organisational structure
 National Commission for STs
 Special Officer for Linguistic Minority 2.Audit and other Transparency initiatives
 The Advocate General (Article 165)  CVC
 CAG
32.Non-Constitutional Bodies  Lokpal
 Special officer for linguistic Minorities  Lok Ayukta
 Central Information Commission
 State Information Commission 3.Role of SHG, NGOs, Civil Society
 Lokpal and LokAyukta  SHGs
 National Human Rights Commission  Characteristics
 State Human Right Commission  Role of SHGs in development
 CVC (Central Vigilance Commission)  NGOs
 Functions
33.Political dynamics :  Role of NGOs in development
 Political Parties and Election
 Electoral System in India 4.Pressure Groups
 Electoral Reforms Since 1988  Meaning and Techniques
 Salient features of the Representation of  Pressure Groups in India
People Act, 1950  Types of pressure groups
 Salient features of Representation of  Role of pressure group in developing
Peoples Act, 1951 countries
 Functions of pressure groups in India
34.Elections in India  Pressure groups methods
 Electoral reforms since 1988  Pressure groups and Democracy
 Criminalization of politics  Criticism of pressure groups
 Negative or neutral voting
 State funding of Election 5.Micro Finance Institutions
 Irregularities in polling  Salient features
 Types of Political Parties  Role of MFIs in development
 Party System in India
 Political Parties in India 6.Social Sector Bills
 Problems in the working of parties  The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection
 Casteism and Politic of Children) Act
 Strengthening of Anti-defection measures  Surrogacy (Regulation) Bill, 2016
 Child Labour (Prohibition and Amendment)
GOVERNANCE Bill, 2016
 Maternity Benefit Bill, 2016
1.Governing Institutions in India  Pre-Conception & Pre-Natal Diagnostic
 Structure of Ministries/departments Techniques (PNDT) Act
 Political head  Mental Health Care Bill, 2013
 Secretariat organisation secretary  Protection of Children from Sexual Offences
 Functions of the secretariat (POCSO)
 Functions of attached and subordinate  Anti-Trafficking Bill with Stringent Penalty
office  HIV and AIDS (Prevention and Control) Bill-
 Other organisations 2014 - Amendments
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  Domestic Violence Act, 2005 - SC Widens  Janani Suraksha Yojana
Ambit  Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram
 Rights of Persons with Disabilities Bill, 2014  SC/ST
with more Benefit  Vanbandhu Kalyan Yojana
 Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights)  Pradhan Mantri Adarsh Gram Yojana
Bill 2016  Disability
 The Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled  Accessible India Campaign (Sugamya
Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Bharat Abhiyan)
Amendment Act  Rural and Urban Development
 Sansad Adarsh Gram Yojana
7.Welfare Schemes  Gram Uday Se Bharat Uday Abhiyan
 Shyama Prasad Mukherjee Rurban Mission
Health  Deendayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana
 National Health Mission  Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana
 National Ayush Mission  Swachch Bharat Abhiyan
 Jan Aushadhi Scheme  Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana- Gramin
 Mission Indradhanush  Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana - Urban
 NFHS-4 survey  Housing for all by 2022
 Smart Cities Mission
Education  Hriday - National Heritage City
 Padhe Bharat Badhe Bharat Development and Augmentation Yojana
 Mid Day Meal Scheme  Amrut (Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and
 GIAN (Global Initiative of Academic Urban Transformation)
Networks)  Inclusive growth
 SWAYAM (Study Webs of Active –Learning  Measurement criteria
for Young Aspiring Minds)  Government initiatives for inclusive growth
 Start-up and Skill Development  Basic Amenities: Housing/Drinking
 Start Up India Scheme Waters/Sanitations
 Stand up India Scheme  Sustainable Development
 National Student Start-up Policy
 National Skill Development Mission Rural Development
 Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana  Rural development and poverty alleviation
 Deen Dayal Antyodaya Yojana  Review of the existing Programmes
 Skill Development Initiative Scheme  Development Administration
 Self-Employment & Talent Utilisation  Panchayati Raj
(SETU)  Agriculture and Rural Development
 Atal Innovation Mission  Miscellaneous sc
 Vulnerable Sector

Social Security INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

 Atal Pension Yojana
 Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana
1.India’s Foreign Policy
 Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana
 Evolution of India’s Foreign Policy
 Nai Roshni Scheme
 Post 1990 Scenario
 USTAAD Scheme (Upgrading the Skills and
 Global Issues
Training in Traditional Arts/Crafts for
Development)
2.South Asia
 Nai Manzil Scheme
 India – Nepal Relations
 Women and Child Development
 India and Bhutan
 Beti Bachao Beti Padhao
 India-Afghanistan Relations
 Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana
 India-Bangladesh Relations
 Digital Gudda Guddi Board
 India-Maldives Relations
 Ujjawala Scheme
 India-Sri Lanka Relations
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  India-Myanmar Relations SOCIAL JUSTICE
 India-Pakistan Relations
 SAARC 1. Welfare schemes for vulnerable Sections of
 NAM (Non-Alignment Movement): the population by the Centre and States
Relevance  Constitutional arrangement
 Central Asia  Women welfare
 Mongolia  Child welfare
 Kazakhstan  SC/ST welfare
 Turkmenistan  OBC welfare
 Uzbekistan  Minorities welfare
 Old age welfare
3.West Asia  Legislations
 India – UAE Relations  Issues
 India IRAN Relations  Reforms needed
 Israel and Palestine Relations
 India – Israel Relations 2. Services relating to Health, Education,
 India – Saudi Arabia Human Resources
 Education structure in India
4.Asia – Pacific  Primary, secondary and higher education
 Asia-Pacific Region  Initiatives taken by GOI in education
 India-South East Asia Relations  Issues
 India-Asean Cooperation  Reforms needed
 Indo-Japan Relations  Recommendations of committees
 Indo-Australia Relations  Future prospects in education sector
 India – South Korea Relations  Skill development
 India-Vietnam  Health indicators
 Health structure in India
5.Africa  Private and Public health structure
 India-South Africa Relations  Issues
 India-Nigeria Relations  Reforms needed
 India-Kenya Relations  NITI Aayog Report
 India-Sudan Relations  Economic development and human
development
6.Europe  SDGs and India
 India-Russia Relations
 India-France Relations 3. Issues relating to poverty and hunger
 India-Germany Relations  Poverty definition by different committees
 India-United Kingdom Relations  Poverty data in India
 India-EU Kingdom Relations  Causes of poverty
 US-China  Poverty and unemployment
 India-US Relations  Poverty and social conflict
 India-China Relations  Impact of LPG on poverty
 Indian Ocean Region  Linkage between poverty and development
 Seychelles  Rural poverty
 Mauritius  Urban poverty
 Maldives  Feminization of poverty
 Poverty alleviation measures
7.Indian Diaspora  Problems in implementation of Poverty
 Indian Diaspora in West alleviation programmes
 Indian Diaspora in Gulf  Poverty and Hunger
 Indian Diaspora in East and Middle East  Food security programmes and issues
 Hunger and health

30
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  Impact of hunger and poverty on economic  Role of fiscal and monetary policies in
development of the nation resource mobilization
 Controversy related to Poverty Data  Role of foreign investment in resource
Estimation mobilization, desirability and consequences
 Multilateral agencies and resource
4. The Scheduled and Tribal Areas mobilization
 5th Schedule Areas
 6th Schedule Areas 3.Inclusive growth and issues arising from it
 Composition of autonomous councils  Meaning and concept of Inclusion
 Role and functions of councils  India’s experience
 Role of Governor with respect to tribal areas  Social sector initiatives and inclusion
 Tribal sub plan process
 Ground reality and working of flagship
GS III schemes
 India’s growth story in this context
ECONOMY  Why is India's growth not inclusive?
 Rural economy-based growth
1.Basic Economy  Need for Sustainable agriculture, food
 Indian Economy and issues relating to security and resilience for growth.
planning  Public distribution schemes: Way to
 Indian Economy in Pre-independence inclusive growth.
Period  Financial inclusion as an instrument of
 Economy on Eve of Independence inclusive growth.
 Challenges  Poverty Alleviation and Employment
 Features Generation as a strategy for inclusive
 Post-Independence India growth
 Issues  Social sector development as an instrument
 Agriculture and its development so far for inclusive growth.
 Industry  Public private partnership for inclusive
 Services growth
 Phases of Economic Development in India  Industrial Integration for inclusive growth
 Nehruvian Socialist Economy  Sectoral and regional diversification as a
 Economic Reforms tool for inclusive growth.

2.Planning 4.Government Budgeting

 Objectives  Budget terminology
 Technical details  Types of budgets
 Planning History  Features of outcome budgeting
 Analysis of each plan  Merger of Railway and General Budget
 Resource Mobilization  Benefits of budgeting
 Types of resources: Physical capital and  Flaws in budgeting process
finance capital  Budget analysis
 Need for resource mobilization- Police State
and Democratic Welfare State 5.Investment
 Sources of resource mobilization: Public  Measures of Investment
Sector and Private Sector  Capital and investment
 Savings and investment over the five-year  Factors affecting investment
plan  Classification of Investment
 Budgetary resources: Tax and Non tax  FDI
 Role of Public Debt in resource mobilization  Angel Investors and Start-ups
and effects: Market borrowing, loans,  M&A
grants, etc.  Investment Models
 Role of State
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  PPP (Public-Private Partnership)  NPAs
 Savings and Investment Trends  Bills related to Banking

6.Fiscal Policy 11.Foreign trade & International Organisations

 Fiscal Policy in India  International Trade
 Important Budgetary Terms and Fiscal  Trade Policy
Concept  Balance of Payments
 Government Revenues & Spending  Foreign Capital
 Deficits  Impact of Globalization on Indian Economy
 Balance Sheet  International Monetary Fund
 WTO
7.Taxation  World Bank Group
 Taxation Meaning  AIIB and NDB
 Principles of Taxation
 Objectives of Taxation AGRICULTURE
 Taxation for Mobilization of Resources
 Tax System in India 1.Role of Agriculture in Indian Economy
 Subsidies
 Tax Reforms 2.Land resource
 GST  Land-use
 Land capability classification
8.Monetary policy in India  Causes of Land Degradation
 Instruments of Monetary Policy  Impact of Land Degradation
 Monetary policy in pre-reform Era (1948 –  Steps taken by GOI
1991)  Sustainable Land Management
 Monetary Policy in Post-Reform Era (Since
– 1991) 3.Land Reforms
 Urjit Patel Committee Report  Objectives of Land Reforms in India
 Monetary Policy Committee and Inflation  Progress of Land Reforms in India
Targeting  Progress of Ceiling Legislation
 NITI Aayog Report on Land Leasing
9.Financial system
 Money Market in India 4.Agriculture Finance
 Capital Market in India  Features of Agricultural Finance
 Indian Capital Market Regulatory  Criteria for Agricultural Credit
Framework  Need for Agricultural Finance
 Primary Market Reforms in India  Sources of Agricultural Finance
 Secondary Market Reforms in India  Problems of Agricultural Finance
 Measures taken to improve credit flow to
10.Banking agriculture
 Indian Banking System  Co-operative Credit Societies in India
 Functions of Commercial Banks
 Challenges Faced by Commercial Banks in 5.Agricultural Credit Institutions
India  Commercial Bank
 Nationalisation of Banks in India  Lead Bank Scheme
 Banking Reforms in India  Multi Agency Approach
 New Bank License Criteria  Regional Rural Banks
 Small Finance Banks and Payment Banks  National Bank for Agriculture and Rural
Criteria Development (NABARD)
 Non-Banking Financial Company (NBFC)  Reserve Bank of India
 Terminologies/Concepts Related to Banking  Kisan Credit Card Scheme
in India  Self Help Group (SHG)
 Financial Inclusion  Bank Linkage Programme
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  Rural Infrastructure Development Fund 10.Food Processing
(RIDF)  Processed Foods Scenario with respect to
 Government Policy for Agricultural Credit Specific Sectors
 Farmers Service Societies (FSS)  Policy Initiatives
 Infrastructure Development in Food
6.Crop Insurance in India Processing Sector
 Historical Background  Issues in Food Processing Sector
 Issues Related to Crop Insurance  FDI Policy in Food Processing
 Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana  Notable Trends in the Indian Food
 Comparison with Earlier Crop Insurance Processing Sector
Schemes  Strategies Adopted in Budget
 Challenges  New foreign and domestic investment
 Sector-specific government policies
7.Agriculture Marketing
 Process of Agricultural Marketing in India
 Structure of Agricultural Marketing in India INDUSTRY
 Importance of Proper Agriculture Marketing
 Government Measures to Improve 1.Industrial policy and industrial development:
Agricultural Marketing in India Main Issues
 Analysis of APMC Act  Mahalanobis strategy and India’s industrial
policy-Discussing Industrial policy resolution
8.Subsidies 1948 and 1956 critically
 Objectives of subsidies  New Economic Policy and Industrial policy
 Transfer of resources from gainers from under the policy of liberalization,
economic policies to losers from economic privatization and globalization
policies  Phases of Industrial development
 Farm Subsidies
 Fertilizer subsidies 2.Main features of Industrial development in
 Subsidy on power India
 Subsidy on irrigation  Roles of private sector and public sector,
 Rationale of Minimum Support Price Investment in the industrial sector,
 Impact of MSP on inflation employment, productivity, profit etc.
 Public Distribution System: Objectives,  Strategies for disinvestment and
functioning, limitations, revamping, evolution privatization
from universal PDS to targeted PDS,  Role of Small, Medium and Micro
Targeted PDS, a critical analysis of cost and enterprises, Government Policy, main
benefit of PDS problems, effects of globalization
 Buffer Stock policy and government’s  New Manufacturing Policy
intervention in food market to keep prices  Industrial disbursal and Industrial corridors
under reasonable limits to help consumers  SEZs- Main issues like land use, relocation
 Food Security bill, questions of resource of same industries that exist, exports
mobilization for the FSB, criticism of the earnings vs loss of tax income
FSB  Industrial sickness, institutional mechanism
 Important questions on the future of to support the sick industries, exit policy
subsidies issues
 Main constraints in the industrial
9.Agricultural Revolutions in India development of India
 Green Revolution  Effects of globalization on industries, Sub-
 White Revolution – Operation Flood prime crisis and sovereign debt crisis on
 Yellow Revolution Industry in India
 Blue Revolution  Industrial Finance in India: Role of
 Golden Fiber Revolution: Jute development banking, commercial banking,
venture capital, angel capital in
33
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 industrialization and promotion of
entrepreneurship
 Make in India achievements Science & Technology

TRANSPORT Biology
 Importance and development of transport 1.Chemical Building Blocks of Life
 Means of transport
 Transport costs and economic distance 2.History and Origin of Life
 Operating costs in transport
 Relative importance of means of transport: 3.Cells
Railways, Roads, Pipeline, Oceans, Air  Cell Structure
transport  Membranes
 Profits and freight rates  Cell-Cell Interactions
 Government’s transport policy  Energy and Metabolism
 Transport patterns in the world:  Respiration
 Oceanic transport Ocean transport routes  Photosynthesis
 Inland waterways  How Cells Divide
 Main regions of inland waterways  Sexual Reproduction
 Railways: Factors affecting the railroads
 Distribution of railroads in the world 4.Genetics
 Factors influencing air transport
 Inheritance
 Pipeline Transport
 DNA, The Genetic Material
 Petroleum (oil) Pipelines
 Gene Expression
 Gas Pipelines
 Gene Regulation
 Transport costs and specialization
 Mutation
 Transport and trade in the modern era  Recombinant DNA Technology
 Transport costs and scale economies
 Falling transport costs increase trade
5.Classification of Living Things
between neighbours
 Classification and Domains of Life
 Failing transport costs lead to concentration
 General Biology/Classification of Living
within countries
Things/Viruses
 Negative externalities of transport
 Prokaryotes
 Eukaryotes
Important issues
 Protists
 Plants
 Ownership and financing
 Fungi
 Pricing of Public utilities
 Animals
 Infrastructure as avenues for investment
 Project delays-reasons and measures to
6.Evolution
overcome
 Evolution of Life
 Public Private Partnership and related
 Animal Evolution
issues
 Human Evolution
 Operation and Maintenance of roads,
railways, irrigation and power projects-Main
problems and solutions 7.Tissues
 Impact of Infrastructure-Economic impacts,  Epithelial tissue
impact on social development,  Connective tissue
environmental impacts  Muscle tissue

Refer Recent current Affairs in news 8.Economic Zoology

 Beneficial animals: Corals - Earthworm -
Vermiculture - Beneficial insects Prawns -

34
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 Lobsters - Crabs – Pearl oysters - Fishes -  Animal Nutrition
Guano - Aquarium Vivarium  Human Diet
 Harmful animals: Disease causing  The Digestive System
organisms Vectors - Poisonous organisms –
Fouling organisms - Pests. 16.Institutions & Policy
 India’s policy in the field of the science and
9.Endocrine System technology
 Hypothalamus  The S&T policy resolution in 1958
 Pineal body (epiphysis)  S&T policy of the 1983
 Pituitary gland (hypophysis)  S&T policy of the 2003
 Thyroid  S&T policy 2013
 Adrenal glands  Institutional structure
 Reproductive glands  Department of Science & Technology
 CSIR
10.Respiration  Survey of India
 External and Internal Respiration  Science and Engineering Research Council
 Respiratory system in Plants  Technology Development Board
 Respiratory System in Insects  National Accreditation Board for Testing
 Respiratory System in Humans and Animals And Calibration Laboratories
 Science and technology as a source of
11.The Transport System in Organisms Human Resource Development
 Transport system in a Cell  Awards related to science
 Transport System in Plants  New Initiatives Aligned with the National
 Transport System in Animals Agenda
 Blood Vascular System  India and World collaboration in science
 The Lymphatic System projects
 Technology Vision Document 2035
12.Skeletal and Muscular Systems  National Biotechnology Development
 Bone and Skeleton System (Osteology) Strategy 2015-2020
 Ligaments (Syndesmology)  National Intellectual Property Rights Policy
 Muscular System (Myology)  Organ donation rules in India
 Vertebrates  Policy on Synthetic Biology

13.Reproduction BIOTECHNOLOGY
 Asexual Reproduction in Plants
 Asexual Reproduction in Animals 1.Genetics and biotechnology
 Sexual Reproduction in Plants  Industrial genetics
 Sexual Reproduction in Animals  Protoplast and cell fusion technologies
 Sexual Reproduction in Humans  Genetic engineering
 DNA sequencing
14.Excretion, Osmoregulation and  Nucleic acid probes
Thermoregulation  Genomics and proteomics
 Excretory products  Antisense and RNA interface
 Excretion in plants  Potential laboratory biohazards of genetic
 Excretion in Animals engineering
 Osmoregulation, ADH and formation of  Bioprocess/fermentation technology
Urine in Animals
 Physiological and Behavioural Adjustments 2.Biological fuel generation
 Global warming and the significance of
15.Nutrition fossils fuels
 Classification by Source of Energy and  Photosynthesis: the ultimate energy source
Carbon  Biofuels from biomass
 Plant Nutrition  Bioethanol from biomass
35
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  Biodiesel  Diseases in News
 Methane  India Declared Maternal and Neonatal
 Hydrogen Tetanus, H5N1 and Yaws Free
 IPV Injection
3.Environmental Biotechnology  Mission Indradhanush
 Microbial Ecology Environmental  New TB Drug Regimen
Biotechnology  E-Cigarettes
 Waste water and sewage treatment  Digital Biopiracy
 Landfilling technologies  Kendrapara Sheep
 Composting  DNA Tagging of Convicts
 Bioremediation  U.K. Grants Gene Editing License
 Detect and monitoring of pollutants  Genetically Modified Mosquito
 Microbes and the geological environment  Designer Babies’ OR Three Parents Babies
 Environmental sustainability and clean  U.K. Grants Gene Editing License
technology  National Biotechnology Development
Strategy 2015-2020
4.Plant and Forest Biotechnology
 Plant biotechnology 9.Space
 Forest biotechnology  Types of orbits
 Launch Vehicle
5.Animal and Insect Biotechnology  Satellite communication in India
 Genetic manipulation and transgenic  INSAT Satellite application
animals  Remote sensing applications
 Genetically engineered hormone and  Cryogenic rockets
vaccines  Global Positioning System
 Animal organs for human patients  Galileo
 Genetically modified insects  GLONASS
 IRNSS
6.Food and beverage biotechnology  GAGAN
 Food and beverage fermentations  Chandrayaan – I & II
 Microorganisms as food  Mars Orbiter Mission
 Enzymes and food processing  Space Organisations
 Amino acids, vitamins and sweeteners  Space race/Space junk
 Organic acids and polysaccharides  Recent updates
 Public acceptance and safety of new  South Asia Satellite: Significance
biotechnology foods  Neutrino Observatory
 Biotechnology and medicine  Solar Mission- ADITYA
 Pharmaceuticals and biopharmaceuticals  Gravitational Waves
 Antibiotics  FAST (Five-hundred-meter Aperture
 Vaccines and monoclonal antibodies Spherical radio Telescope)
 Biopharmaceuticals/therapeutic proteins  Spitzer Space Telescope
 Pharmacogenetics  Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope
 Molecular biology and human disease  Chandra X-ray Observatory
 Diagnostics in developing countries  James Webb Space Telescope
 Gene Therapy  ARIES/Devasthal Telescope
 Systems biology and medicine  Multi-Application Solar Telescope
 Stem cell biotechnology  Thirty Metre Telescope
 Resourcesat- 2A
 ASTROSAT
7.Protection of biotechnological inventions
 Sunspot
 Patent protection Trade secrets
 Magnetars
 Plant breeders’ rights
 Neutron stars
 Air-breathing propulsion system
8.Recent initiatives in Health & Biotechnology
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  Space Junk  Cathode ray
 Graveyard Orbit  LCD
 India, NASA join hands for  LED
 Astrobiology Mission  Plasma Monitors
 Neutrino Observatory  OLED
 Indian Space Vision-2025  Telecommunications
 Mobile generations
10.Defence  Smartphone
 Missile system and classification  Important concepts
 On the basis of type  Government initiatives
 On the basis of launch vehicle  Digital India Initiative
 On the basis of Range  MeghRaj
 On the basis of propulsion system  Code Free for India
 India’s Missile System  E-Kranti
 Agni  Bharat Net project
 Prithvi  Bharat QR
 Trishul  Contemporary debates
 Nag  Net Neutrality
 Dhanush  Internet of Things
 Astra  Big Data Initiative and Privacy
 Prahaar  Cybercrime and security
 BrahMos Missile System
 Indian Submarines and Naval Ships 13.Nano-Science & Nano Technologies
 Light Combat Aircraft  What is Nanoscience and Nanotechnology?
 Unmanned Aerial Vehicle  Origination of Nanoscience and Technology
 Stealth technology  Basics of Nanoscience
 Chemical Weapon  Nanomaterials
 Biological Weapon  Applications of nanotechnology
 Nano medicine
11.Nuclear Energy  Semiconductors and computing
 Types of nuclear reactions  Food
 Nuclear Power Reactor  Textiles
 N-Power Policy of India  Sustainable energy
 Advantages of Nuclear Energy  Environment
 Disadvantages of Nuclear Energy  Transport
 Non-energy applications of nuclear energy  Space
 Impact of Radiation  Agriculture
 Issue of Radioactive Waste  Adverse Health and Environmental
 Institutions involved in nuclear energy  Impacts of Nanotechnology
Development, AERB  Social and Ethical Impacts:
 Safety standards in Nuclear Power plants  Nano-science and nano-technology in India
 Nuclear & Radiological Disasters
14.Robotics
12.IT, Electronics & Telecom  What is Robotics?
 Computers  Machine vs Computer vs Robots
 Generation of computers  Parts of a Robot
 Computer terminologies  Controller
 Supercomputer and its applications  Manipulator
 Information technology  End Effector
 Components of IT  Sensor
 IT enabled services  Classification of Robots
 Application of IT  Rolling Robots
 Display technologies  Walking Robots
37
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  Autonomous Robots  Types & Significance of Food Chain
 Artificial Intelligence  Food Web
 Applications of Robotics  Models for Energy Flow
 Industrial Sector  Ecological Productivity
 Aerospace  Ecological Pyramid
 Healthcare Delivery  Biomagnifications
 Outer Space  Biological Control
 Exploration  Organic Farming
 Military Robots
 Disaster Areas 3.Biogeochemical Cycles
 Entertainment  Parts of a Bio Geochemical Cycle
 Agriculture  Types of Biogeochemical Cycle
 Domestic work  Carbon Cycle
 Nitrogen Cycle
 Phosphorus Cycle
 Sulphur Cycle
ENVIRONMENT & ECOLOGY
4.Biomes: Forest, Grassland, Mountain, and
ECOLOGY & BIODIVERSITY Desert Ecosystems
 Biome
 Grasslands
1.Types of Ecology
 Tundra
 Ecological Hierarchy
 Deserts
 Scope of Ecology
 Thar desert
 Habitat & Ecological Niche
 Mountain biome
 Deep vs Shallow Ecology
 Ecological Principles
 Ecological Community 5.Aquatic Life Zones: Ocean, Rivers, Lakes, and
 Structure and Characteristics of a Wetlands
Community  Aquatic ecosystems
 Stratification  Basic facts about the ocean
 Ecotones  Importance of the ocean
 Ecological Dominance  Zones of the ocean
 Seasonal and Diurnal Fluctuation  Marine life
 Periodicity  Coral reefs
 Turnover  Coral reefs in India
 Interdependence  Conserving coral reefs
 Ecological Succession  Mangroves
 Types and Process of Succession  Mangroves in India
 Climax Community  Freshwater in India
 Range of Tolerance, Maximum Range  Importance of lakes
 Difference between Ecology,  National Lake Conservation Plan
 Wetlands and their importance
 Ramsar Convention
2.Environment and Ecosystem
 Ramsar Sites
 Ecosystem and its dynamics
 Montreux Record
 Ecosystem Definitions
 Extent and distribution of wetlands in India
 Functions and Properties of Ecosystem
 Conserving the wetlands of India
 The Structure/Components of Ecosystem
 Abiotic Components
6.Biodiversity
 Biotic Components
 Important kinds of biodiversity
 Ecosystem Dynamics
 Degree of diversity in an ecosystem
 Flow of Energy in Ecosystem
 Endemic species
 Trophic Levels
 Keystone species
 Food Chain
38
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  Indicator species  Effect of Power Generation on Environment
 Invasive species  Effect of River Valley Projects
 Allopatric and sympatric speciation  (Water Resource Projects) on Environment
 Bioinformatics  Effect of Mining on Environment
 Biodiversity distribution  Effect of Transportation Activities on
 Megadiverse Countries Environment
 Uses and values of biodiversity  Effect of Tourism on Environment
 State of global biodiversity
 Threats to biodiversity 9.Water Resource degradation
 Biodiversity Hotspots  Water Cycle (Hydrological Cycle)
 Eco-regions  Availability and Quality Aspects
 Role of traditional knowledge in biodiversity (groundwater depletion)
 Biopiracy  Water-borne and Water-induced Diseases
 Extinction of species  Fluoride Problem in Drinking Water
 Mass extinction  Arsenic Problem in Drinking Water
 IUCN’s classification scheme
 IUCN Red-List of Threatened Species 10.Minerals & Environmental Degradation
 Level of biodiversity in India  Mining and Environment
 Biogeographic classification of India  Sensitivity of Select Ecosystems to Mining
 Impact of Mining
7.Biodiversity Conservation  Indirect Impact of Mining
 Ex-situ aid in-situ conservation  International Laws on Mining
 Seed banks  Main Act or Statute to regulate the impact of
 Zoos in biodiversity conservation Indian Mining Sector
 Botanical gardens  Sustainable Mining
 Protected areas
 State of protected areas in the world 11.Deforestation
 UNESCO Man and the Biosphere Program  Causes of Deforestation
(MAB)  Implications of Deforestation for Climate
 Characteristics of biosphere reserves Change
 International agreements for biodiversity  Consequences of Deforestation on the
conservation Wildlife of India
 Convention on Biological Diversity  Impact of Deforestation on Indian Monsoon
 Cartagena Protocol  Impact of Deforestation on People
 Nagoya Protocol  Deforestation Leads to Water and Soil
 Aichi Biodiversity Targets Resources Loss and Flooding
 Important Coastal and Marine Biodiversity  Economic Impacts
Areas of India  Strategies for Reducing Deforestation
 Important Bird Areas (IBAs) of India  Government Programmes for Conservation
 Global Tiger Initiative of Forests
 Project Tiger  Legislations for Conservation of Forests
 Project Elephant using People Participation
 Indian Rhino Vision  Steps for Improving People Participation in
 Recovery Programme for Critically Forest Resource Management
Endangered Species  Use of Local Traditional Methods
 Use of indigenous knowledge for conserving
biodiversity 12.Waste Management
 Seed village  Solid Waste
 Hazardous Waste
8.Effect of Human Activities on Environment  E-Waste
 Effect of Modern Agriculture on  Bio Medical Waste
Environment  Plastic Waste
 Effect of Housing on Environment  Methods for Waste Management
39
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  Effects of Poor Waste Disposal 16.Coastal Ecosystem Management
 Landfill  Mangroves
 Salient features of Mangroves
13.Sustainable Development  Importance of Mangroves
 Principles of sustainability  Mangroves in India
 Measurement of Sustainability or  Mangroves under threats
Sustainable Ethics or Equitable Utilisation of  Legal and Regulatory Approaches for
Natural Resource Protection
 Sustainable Lifestyle (Role of an individual  Estuaries
in sustainable, development)  Importance of estuaries
 Challenges to Sustainable Development  Threats to estuaries
 International Efforts to Achieve  Coral Reefs
Sustainability  Geographical Conditions Required
 Uses of coral reefs
14.Environmental Pollution  Conservation of coral reef
 Air Pollution  Steps for Coastal Ecosystem Management
 Sources of Air Pollution
 Effects of Air Pollution 17.Recent developments
 Classification of Air Pollutant  Air Pollution
 Control Measures of Air Pollution  Report on Air Pollution
 Air Pollution Disasters  Bharat Stage Emission Standards
 Long Range Transport of Gaseous Air  Polluters Pay Model
Pollutants  Household Air Pollution
 National Ambient Air Quality Standards  Open Waste Burning and its Impact
 Water Pollution  Graded Response Action Plan on Pollution
 Sources of Water Pollution  UN Sets Limits on Global Airline Emissions
 Types of Water Pollutants  Waste Management
 Effects of Water Pollution  Biodegradable Plastics
 Water Quality Standards  Green Train Corridors
 Control of Water Pollution  Oil Spill
 Thermal Pollution  Solid Waste Management-Buffer Zone
 Sources of Thermal Pollution  Other News
 Effects of Thermal Pollution  Report of Parliamentary Committee on
 Control of Thermal Pollution Forest Fires
 Soil Pollution or Land Degradation  Urban Forestry Scheme
 Sources of Soil Pollution  Draft Notification to Regulate Pet Shops
 Effects of Soil Pollution  Ban on Import of Animal Skin
 Control Measures  River linking Project and Impact on
 Noise Pollution  Environment
 Air-borne Diseases  Algal Bloom Issue
 Toxic Substances: Toxicant, Toxicity and  Illegal Salt Mining and its Impact
Toxicology  India’s Wetland Report, 2016
 Factors affecting toxicity  Deep Sea Mining
 Carcinogens  Mass Coral Bleaching
 Ganga River Pollution
15.Solid Waste Management
 Sources of Solid Waste 18.Environmental Impact Assessment
 Effect of Solid Waste  Government Body which Executes EIA
 Control Measures of Solid Waste  Environmental Effects Analysed under EIA
 Solid Waste Management Rules  Process of EIA
 Hazardous Waste Management (HWM)  EIA Ruling 1984

40
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  El Nino
19.Environmental Laws  La Nina
 Environmental Laws: Provisions in the  Urbanisation and climate
Indian Constitution towards Environmental  Pollution in metros and climate change
Protection  Real estate boom and environment
 Salient Features of Air (Prevention and degradation
Control of Pollution) Act,1981*  Urban Heat Island
 Salient Features of Water (Prevention and  Polythene bags and pollution
Control of Pollution) Act, 1974  Methane generation from waste
 Salient features of Forest Conservation Act,
I980 24.Impact of agriculture on climate
 Salient Features of Wildlife Protection  Agriculture increases Carbon Dioxide
Act,1972 Emissions
 Salient Features of Environment  Monoculture practice impacts biodiversity
(Protection) Act,1986  Pollution due to use of chemical fertilizers
 Role of Government in Environmental  Soil-related effects
Protection  Fertilizers’ Effect on the Environment

20.Environment related Institutions and 25.Impact of livestock on environment

Organizations  Impact of use of Pesticides on environment
 Pollution Control Boards  Impact of GM crop on environment
 National Green Tribunal  Emission of Methane from agricultural
 Forest Survey of India practices
 National Board for Wildlife  Sustainable Agriculture Techniques

21.Schemes 26.Global Warming & Health

 Ecomark Scheme  Health impacts of global warming
 National Afforestation Program  Mosquito-borne diseases
 National River Conservation Plan  Ozone depletion and human health
 National Mission for Clean Ganga
 National Air Quality Index (AQI) 27.Recent developments
 National Action  Carbon Neutrality Concept
 Programme to Combat Desertification  Climate Change Indicators: WMO report
 UJALA Scheme  IPCC 5th Assessment Report
 Bharat Stage Norms  Paris Agreement
 Marrakech Climate Change Conference
22.International Environmental Governance  International Solar Alliance (ISA)
 UNEP  Kyoto Protocol (2nd Commitment 2013-20)
 UNDP  Kigali Agreement
 Centre for Biological Diversity  Climate Change Performance Index
 WWF for Nature
 IUCN - Red List Refer Recent current Affairs in news
 Birdlife International
 International Conventions/Protocols & their
Objectives
Internal Security
1.Internal Security Challenges
23.Basics of Climate change
 Internal Security Challenges
 GreenHouse Effect and Global Warming
 Social Diversity as Issues of Security Threat
 Global Climate Change: International Efforts
 Challenges from within
to Control Global Warming or Global
 Neighbours as Issue of Security Threat
Climate Change
 Non-State Actors as Issue of Security
 Ozone Layer Depletion/Ozone Hole
Threat
 Acid Rain
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  Global Indices and Measurement of  Challenges in Monitoring social media
Vulnerability of a State Towards such Non-  Steps Needed
State Actors
 Law and Order vs. Internal Security 10.Money Laundering
 Meaning of Money Laundering
2.Terrorism Threat to India  Harmful Effects of Money Laundering
 Terrorism Threat to India  Steps taken by the Government
 Changing face of Terrorism
 Terror Threats Faced by India 11.Black Money in India
 Broader Framework to Deal with Terrorism  Parallel Economy in India
 Drawbacks in Intelligence Infrastructure  What are the various measures taken by the
Government to curb Black Money?
3.Organized Crime  Impact of demonetisation on black money
 Types of Organized Crime  Criticisms
 Problems in controlling organized crimes
 Combating organized crimes 12.Police Reforms in India
 The Organisational Structure
4.Linkage of Terrorism and Organized Crime in  Duties and Responsibilities of the Police
India  Centre’s Role in Policing
 Linkage between Development and Spread  Traditional Security Challenges
of Extremism  Non-Traditional Security Challenges (NTS)
 Stated Purpose of the Naxal Movement  Recommendations for Police Reforms
 Why did naxalism get huge support from the  Police we Want in 21st Century
common man?
 Why is naxalism the biggest threat to 13.Various Security Forces and their Mandate
internal security?  Assam Rifles
 Border Security Force (BSF)
5.Insurgency in North-East  Indo-Tibetan Border Police
 Issues & Conflicts  Central Industrial Security Force (CISF)
 Assam Insurgency  Central Reserve Police Force
 National Security Guard
6.Security Challenges in Border Areas  Issues with Paramilitary Forces
 Challenges to Border Management
 Issues Faced in Border Management
 Community Participation for Border DISASTER MANAGEMENT
Management

7.Basics of Cyber Security

1.Introduction to Disaster Management
 What is a Disaster?
 Types of Cyber Crimes
 Impact and Steps needed  What is a Hazard?
 Recent Incident: Ransomware  What is Vulnerability?
 The National Cyber Security Policy of India  What is Risk?
2013  What is Capacity?
 Classification of Disasters
8.Cyber Warfare  Disaster Management Cycle
 Factors Contributing/Aggravating Rise of
Cyber Attack 2.Disaster Management in India
 Recent Initiatives for Tackling Cyber  Background
Warfare  National Disaster Management Act, 2005
 National Policy on Disaster Management,
9.Social media and Internal Security Threat 2009
 Regulation of social media in India for  The National Disaster Management Plan,
Internal Security 2016
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  Disaster Management Cycle in India partisanship, objectivity, dedication to
public service
3.Natural Hazards in India  Empathy, tolerance, and compassion
 India: Vulnerability Profile towards the weaker sections.
 Natural Disasters
 Man Made Disasters
4. Emotional Intelligence
4.International Cooperation and Current  EI Concepts, and their utilities and
developments application in administration and
governance.
 Global Frameworks for Disaster Risk
Reduction 5. Moral Thinkers
 Partnerships with International Agencies  Contributions of moral thinkers and
 India’s Leadership Initiatives philosophers from India and the world.
 Bilateral Agreements with Countries
6. Ethics in Public Administration
5.Miscellaneous Topics  Public/Civil service values and Ethics in
 Disaster Insurance
Public administration: Status and problems
 Community-Based Disaster Management
 Ethical concerns and dilemmas in
 Role of the Media in Disaster Management
 Role of Social Media in Disaster government and private institutions
Management  Laws, rules, regulations, and conscience as
 Retrofitting of Buildings-The Key is to Let it sources of ethical guidance
Swing  Accountability and ethical governance,
 Climate Change and Disasters strengthening of ethical and moral values in
 Poverty and Disasters governance
 Miscellaneous NDMA Guidelines  Ethical issues in international relations and
 National Disaster Plan for Animals funding
 Corporate governance
Ethics, Integrity & Aptitude
7. Probity in Governance
1. Ethics and Human Interface  Probity in Governance: Concept of Public
 Essence, determinants and consequences
Service
of Ethics in-human actions;
 Philosophical basis of governance and
 dimensions of ethics; ethics – in private and
public relationships. probity
 Human Values – lessons from the lives and  Information sharing and transparency in
teachings of great leaders, reformers, and government
administrators;  Right to Information
 role of family society and educational  Codes of Ethics
institutions in inculcating values.  Codes of Conduct
 Citizen’s Charters
2. Attitude  Work culture, Quality of service delivery
 Attitude – Content, structure, function;
 Utilization of public funds, challenges of
 its influence and relation with thought and
corruption.
behaviour
 Moral and political attitudes
 Social influence and persuasion 8. Case Studies
 Case Studies on the above issues.
3. Aptitude
 Aptitude and Foundational Values for Civil
Service – integrity, impartiality and non-

43
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MUST READ NCERT BOOKLIST FOR UPSC Polity
NCERT Class IX – Political Science: Democratic
Politics Part – I
LIST OF NCERT’s FOR UPSC NCERT Class X – Political Science: Democratic
Politics Part – II
History: NCERT Class XI – Political Science: Indian
NCERT Class VI – Our Past Constitution at Work
NCERT Class VII – Our Past -I NCERT Class XI – Political Science: Political
NCERT Class VIII – Our Past II and III Theory
NCERT Class IX – India and the Contemporary NCERT Class XII – Political Science I:
World – I Contemporary World Politics
NCERT Class IX – India and the Contemporary NCERT Class XII – Political Science II: Politics in
World – II India since Independence
NCERT Class X – Themes In World History
NCERT Class XII – Themes In Indian History – I Economy
NCERT Class XII – Themes in Indian History – II NCERT Class IX – Economics
NCERT Class XII – Themes In Indian History – III NCERT Class X – Understanding Economic
Ancient History: Old NCERT - R.S. Sharma Development
Medieval History: Old NCERT - Satish Chandra NCERT Class XI – Indian Economic Development
NCERT Class XII – Introductory Macroeconomics
Indian Society
NCERT Class VI – Social Science: Social & Environment & Ecology
Political Life I NCERT Class XII – Biology: last four Chapters (11
NCERT Class VII – Social Science: Social & to 13)
Political Life II
NCERT Class VIII – Social Science: Social &
Political Life III
NCERT Class XI – Sociology: Understanding
Society
NCERT Class XII – Indian Society
NCERT Class XII – Social Change and
Development in India

Indian Art and Culture

Art & Culture: NCERT Class XI – An Introduction to
Indian Art
Art & Culture: NCERT Class XI – Living Craft
Traditions of India (Chapters 9 & 10)

Geography
NCERT Class VI – The Earth Our Habitat
NCERT Class VII – Our Environment
NCERT Class VIII – Resource and Development
NCERT Class IX – Contemporary India – I
NCERT Class X – Contemporary India – II
NCERT Class XI – Fundamentals of Physical
Geography
NCERT Class XI – India – Physical Environment
NCERT Class XII – Fundamentals of Human
Geography
NCERT Class XII – India – People and Economy

44
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BOOKLIST FOR PRELIMS AND MAINS  NCERT class 9-12
 Indian Economy by Sanjeev Verma
 Economic Survey
BOOKLIST FOR PRELIMS:  Budget Speech
 Rathod’s IAS Material
1.History:
Ancient and Mediaeval history: 6.Environment:

 6- 12 NCERTS ( old /new)  NCERT biology class 12 last 4 chapters

 old NCERT class 11 Ancient India by RS  Shankar IAS
Sharma  Rathod’s IAS Material
 old NCERT class 11 Medieval India by  Current Affairs : Rathod’s IAS monthly
Satish Chandra magazines
 Rathod’s IAS Material
7.Science and Technology:
Modern history:
 NCERT class 6-12
 A Brief History of Modern India by  Developments in Science and Technology –
Spectrum Spectrum
 History of modern India by Bipin Chandra  Rathod’s IAS Material
 Rathod’s IAS Material  Current Affairs : Rathod’s IAS monthly
magazines
Art and Culture:
8.Schemes and Government policies :
 NCERT Class XI – An Introduction to
Indian Art  Vikaspedia
 Art and Culture by Nitin Singhania  PIB
 Rathod’s IAS Material
9.Current affairs :
2.Indian and World geography:
 Hindu News paper
 NCERT class 6-12  Rathod’s IAS monthly magazines
 Certificate Human and physical Geography  Indian Express
– G.C Leong  PIB
 Rathod’s IAS Material
10.CSAT:
3.Polity:
 Tata McGraw Hill CSAT Manual
 NCERT class 6-12  CSAT II – Arihant
 Indian Polity – M Laxmikanth  Rathod’s IAS Class notes
 Rathod’s IAS Material

4.International Relations:

 Refer places in News from Hindu Newspaper

 Rathod’s IAS Monthly magazines

5.Economy:
45
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BOOKLIST FOR MAINS UPSC CSE: Governance:

GENERAL STUDIES PAPER I :  Governance in India by M Laxmikanth

 2nd ARC reports - 1,4,9,11,12
History, Indian Heritage & Culture:
Social Justice:
 An Introduction to Indian Art - NCERT class
XI  India Year Book
 India’s Struggle for Independence by Bipan  NITI Aayog Three Year Action Agenda
Chandra  Current Affairs
 India after Independence by Bipan Chandra
 Art and Culture by Nitin Singhania International Relations:
 NIOS
 India’s Foreign Policy by Rajiv Sikri
Post Independent India:  Contemporary world politics - NCERT class 12s
 Current Affairs
 Politics in India since Independence - NCERT
class 12 GENERAL STUDIES PAPER III :
 India After Gandhi by Ram Guha
 India Since Independence Bipin Chandra Economy:

World History:  Indian Economy – Ramesh Singh

 Indian Economy by Sanjeev Verma
 Norman lowe  Economy Survey
 Arjun Dev  Budget Speech
 Current Affairs
Geography:
Environment:
 Geography of India by Majid Husain
 World Geography by Majid Husain  Shankar IAS
 World Atlas  Physical Geography - NCERT class XI last 2
 Certificate Physical and Human Geography – G chapters
C Leong  Current Affairs
 Fundamentals of Physical Geography - NCERT  Down To Earth
Class 11
Disaster Management:
Society:
 NCERT class XI - Natural hazards and DM
 Introducing sociology and understanding society  NDMA Guidelines
- NCERT class 11  2nd ARC report - Crisis Management
 Indian Society and Social Change and
Development in India - NCERT class 12 Science and Technology:
 Editorials
 Developments in Science and Technology -
 Current Affairs
Spectrum
GENERAL STUDIES PAPER II:
Security Issues:
Polity:
 NCERT class 6-12
 Indian Polity by M. Laxmikanth
 Introduction to the Constitution of India by DD  MHA Report
Basu  Challenges to Internal Security of India by
 NCERT class 6-12 Ashok kumar

46
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  Institute for Defence Studies and Analysis
(IDSA) Website

GENERAL STUDIES PAPER IV :

Ethics , Integrity and Aptitude:

 Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude for Civil Services

Main Examination by Subba Rao and P.N. Roy
Chaudary
 Lexicon for Ethics ,Integrity and Aptitude
 2nd ARC 4th report - Ethics in Governance
 12th report - Citizen Centric Administration

47
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Space for Rough Work:

48
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