Java,
What is Java …… a Programming language
High level languages .. Written as normal English words … Java, Python, C++
Low level languages .. Close to binary numbers, or it could be binary numbers .
Assembly, Binary
Compiler/Interpreter .. Converting a high level language to a low level
language
(Translator for you and your computer)
Compiler vs Interpreter
Interpreter …..Only reads and executes code line by line
Step1 …Take eggs …..Execute…(Do Command)
Step2 …milk …..Execute…..(Do Command)
Step3 …Close bread …….Execute …..(Do Command)
Compiler ….. Reads all the code, then translates the whole code into machine
code after, then executes.
Step1 …Take Bread ……..Store in memory
Step2 …Put jam on bread ……….Store in memory
Step3 …Close Bread ……..Store in memory
Execute ….Do the command
Nothando … Interpreter
Recipe book
Nomfundo … Compiler
IDE
Integrated Development Environment
A software program that will store all the tool required for you to write and
execute code.
Code Editor
Helps Debug code
Highlights errors
Compiles or interpret your code
Offers project management
Provides terminal to run your code
What is Java
Java is a highlevel language, It is Compiled and interpreted at the same
time. And it is based on the OOP concept.
It was developed By the Sun MicroSystems team
OOP
Object, Orientated, Programming ….Language
Class
Class… Is a blueprint or template to create objects
Methods is a block of code that performs a specific task when called
Object This is an instance of a class
OOP
Key features/points in OOP
Encapsulation
When we bundle code together into a single unit
Abstraction
Hiding complex codes and details to only show what is necessary
Inheritance (Twins)
When one class or method is able to inherit/Transfer its characteristics to
another class or method
Polymorphism (Sibling)
When one class or method is able to inherit/Transfer its characteristics to
another class or method but being able to slightly change that feature
Classes and objects
Discussed above
Modularity
Code is divided into independent modules, to make it easier to debug and
maintain and scale
Variables
A Container for storing data values
String…… Words and sentences … 0 ….
Integer ….. Whole number from -Inifity to positive infinity … -3, -2 …. 3, 5 , 10
…
Float …… Decimal values …. Always ends with “f” ….eg.. 34.23f …. 1,345323f
…. 384,24f
Double … Decimal values …. 34.23
Boolean .. Stores a True or False
Character … Stores a single letter or symbol ‘f’,,, ‘&’ ‘#’…’$’
Declaring a variable
String name;
name = “Destiny”;
Eg… String name = “Destiny”;
Eg … Int age = 16;
Eg … Double money = 223.374;
Eg … Float accountChange = 2.34f;
Eg…. Boolean isStudent = false;
Eg… char add = ‘+’;
Challenge is to declare a variable for your name and your bank balance and print
out a sentence using [Link]
Your sentence must say : Hi guys my name its: name and I have balance in my
bank account.
String CharacterName
Int charLevel
Double Speed rate
boolean isCitizen = false;
char rank = ‘C’;
Methods
Void …….
We declare it and then we give it a function
In the main method we call it
Then executes its function
Return
public static String name( ){
int a = 3;
int b = 4;
int ans = a + b;
return ans
}
If Statements
Imagine your program has a decision to take
If something is true
It does a certain action
And
If something is not true
It does a certain action
Int age;
Age = 3;
If the age is greater than 3
Basic Syntax
if (age > 3) {
[Link](“the age is greater than 3”);
} else {
[Link](“the age is not greater than 3”);
}
Destiny is trying to host a diddy party (A legal one)
For anyone to enter the party, they must be older than 18…… help destiny
Write a dual alternative if statement to check if a person’s age is greater than 18
If it is, they are allowed to enter the party ….print it out using a system. Out
If not , they are not allowed to enter the party ….. print it out using a system. Out
else {// if condition is not true
Code
}
Comparing operators
== This checks if the value on the left is equal to the right…. Equals to ?
!= This checks if the value on the left is NOT equal to the right… Does not Equal
> or >= This checks if the value on the left is Greater than the value on the
right.. Greater than
< or <= This checks if the value on the left is Less than the value on the
right.. Greater
Nested if statement
if ( condition ){// if age is greater than 13
if ( condition) {
}
} else {// if condition is not true
Code
}
If age == 18 {
Code
}else {
Code
}
Number%2 if 0
1
9%2 0
7%2 0
14%2 0
4%2 0
6%2 0
And ………. &&
Or …………. ||
If( 3>4 or 3 == 3 ){
False true
………true
