TRINITY INTERNATIONAL SS & COLLEGE
KATHMANDU, NEPAL
2024
Lab-report on DBMS
(COMPUTER SCIENCE)
SUBMITTED BY: SUBMITTED TO:
NAME: Aditya Pun
GRADE: 12
STUDENT ID NUMBER: 29057
TRINITY INTERNATIONAL SS & COLLEGE
Lab report #5
( Database )
Lab date:-
Submission date:-
Internal Signature External Signature
Acknowledgement
I would like to extend my sincere appreciation to my instructor for their
invaluable guidance and steadfast support during the duration of this DBMS
Lab. Their insightful feedback and patient assistance have been instrumental
in steering me through the complexities of the tasks at hand, ultimately
contributing to the successful completion of this report. Additionally, I wish
to express my gratitude to my friends and classmates for fostering a
collaborative and enriching learning environment. The camaraderie we
shared, coupled with our collective discussions and exchanges of ideas,
played a pivotal role in shaping the outcomes of this lab report. Together,
their support and camaraderie have made this learning experience not only
enjoyable but also highly rewarding.
Objectives
Understanding Database Concepts – Learn the fundamentals of
databases, including relational database management systems (RDBMS),
SQL, and data modeling.
Practical SQL Implementation – Practice creating, modifying, and
querying databases using SQL commands such as SELECT, INSERT,
UPDATE, DELETE, JOIN, and AGGREGATE functions.
Database Design & Normalization – Develop efficient database
schemas, apply normalization techniques, and reduce redundancy.
Hands-on Experience with DBMS – Gain practical experience with
database management systems like MySQL, PostgreSQL, or Microsoft SQL
Server.
Indexing & Optimization – Learn indexing techniques and query
optimization for efficient data retrieval.
Backup & Security – Understand database backup strategies, security
best practices, and user access control.
Real-world Applications – Implement a mini-project involving database
creation, manipulation, and reporting to reinforce learning.
Table of contents
Acknowledgement...........................................................................................3
Objectives........................................................................................................4
Table of contents.............................................................................................5
Theory part......................................................................................................6
Codes and outputs............................................................................................7
Conclusion.......................................................................................................8
Bibliography....................................................................................................9
Theory part
A database is a systematically organized collection of data designed for
efficient storage, retrieval, and management of information. A Database
Management System (DBMS) is software that enables the creation,
modification, and maintenance of databases. Some widely used DBMSs
include MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, and Microsoft SQL Server. Databases
are classified into various types, such as relational databases (RDBMS),
which structure data into tables with defined relationships and utilize SQL
for operations, and NoSQL databases, which manage unstructured or semi-
structured data, making them ideal for big data applications. Additionally,
hierarchical and network databases were commonly used in older systems.
Conclusion
Through this database lab work, students have acquired practical experience
in designing, implementing, and managing databases. By utilizing SQL
commands, normalization techniques, and optimization strategies, they have
built a solid foundation in database management. Furthermore, the hands-on
exercises have strengthened their problem-solving abilities and equipped
them for real-world applications in data handling and security. This lab work
serves as a fundamental step toward mastering advanced database concepts
and applying them in professional settings across various industries.
Bibliography
1. Internet
2. Books
i. Computer Science-II, Buddha Publication Pvt. Ltd.
3. Teacher
