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Detailed Python Q18 Answers

Python's memory management is automatic and efficient, utilizing a private heap for storage, reference counting for deallocation, and garbage collection for managing reference cycles. Operator overloading in Python allows operators to be redefined for custom classes through special methods, enhancing code readability and enabling custom objects to behave like built-in types. Examples provided include memory management techniques and a custom Point class demonstrating operator overloading with addition.

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8 views3 pages

Detailed Python Q18 Answers

Python's memory management is automatic and efficient, utilizing a private heap for storage, reference counting for deallocation, and garbage collection for managing reference cycles. Operator overloading in Python allows operators to be redefined for custom classes through special methods, enhancing code readability and enabling custom objects to behave like built-in types. Examples provided include memory management techniques and a custom Point class demonstrating operator overloading with addition.

Uploaded by

mshafeeqahamed377
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Detailed Answers for Python Programming - Question 18

Q18 (a): Discuss about Memory Management in Python

Python's memory management is automatic and efficient, including:

1. Memory Allocation:

- Python uses a private heap to store all objects and data structures.

- This is managed by the Python memory manager.

2. Object-Specific Allocators:

- Used for small and frequently used objects like integers and lists.

3. Reference Counting:

- Each object has a reference count.

- When it drops to zero, memory is automatically deallocated.

Example:

import sys

x = "hello"

print(sys.getrefcount(x))

4. Garbage Collection:

- Detects and collects objects involved in reference cycles.

- The gc module controls garbage collection.


Example:

import gc

gc.collect()

5. Memory Pooling:

- Python uses pymalloc for efficient memory allocation of small objects.

6. Dynamic Typing:

- Memory is allocated at runtime based on object type.

7. Modules:

- sys (for reference counts), gc (for garbage collection)

Q18 (b): Explain the Concepts of Operator Overloading in Python. Give an Example

Operator Overloading allows operators to have different meanings based on context.

How it works:

- Define special methods in a class like __add__, __sub__, etc.

Example:

class Point:

def __init__(self, x, y):

self.x = x

self.y = y
def __add__(self, other):

return Point(self.x + other.x, self.y + other.y)

def __str__(self):

return f"({self.x}, {self.y})"

p1 = Point(2, 3)

p2 = Point(4, 5)

p3 = p1 + p2

print(p3) # Output: (6, 8)

Common Overload Methods:

+ => __add__

- => __sub__

* => __mul__

== => __eq__

< => __lt__

> => __gt__

Benefits:

- Makes code readable and intuitive

- Allows custom objects to behave like built-in types

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