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Python Q18 Memory and Operator Overloading

The document discusses memory management in Python, highlighting automatic garbage collection, reference counting, private heap, memory pooling, and dynamic typing. It also explains operator overloading, allowing operators to have different meanings based on operands through special methods in classes, with an example of adding two Point objects. Key modules mentioned include 'gc' for garbage collection and 'sys' for accessing reference counts.

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5 views3 pages

Python Q18 Memory and Operator Overloading

The document discusses memory management in Python, highlighting automatic garbage collection, reference counting, private heap, memory pooling, and dynamic typing. It also explains operator overloading, allowing operators to have different meanings based on operands through special methods in classes, with an example of adding two Point objects. Key modules mentioned include 'gc' for garbage collection and 'sys' for accessing reference counts.

Uploaded by

mshafeeqahamed377
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Python Programming - Question 18 Answers

Q18 (a): Discuss about Memory Management in Python.

Python handles memory management automatically using the following mechanisms:

1. Automatic Garbage Collection:

- Python uses a built-in garbage collector to manage memory.

- It reclaims memory from objects that are no longer in use using reference counting and cyclic

garbage collection.

2. Reference Counting:

- Each object in Python has a reference count.

- When the count drops to zero (i.e., no references), the memory is freed.

3. Private Heap:

- All Python objects and data structures are stored in a private heap.

- This memory is inaccessible to the programmer directly but managed by the Python interpreter.

4. Memory Pooling:

- Python uses a memory manager and allocates memory in blocks (pools).

- This optimizes memory use and improves performance.

5. Dynamic Typing:

- Memory is allocated at runtime depending on the object type and size.


6. Modules Involved:

- 'gc': Controls the garbage collector.

- 'sys': Offers access to reference count through sys.getrefcount().

Example:

import gc

gc.collect() # Manually triggers garbage collection

Q18 (b): Explain the concepts of Operator Overloading in Python. Give an Example.

Operator Overloading allows the same operator to have different meanings based on the operands.

In Python, this is achieved by defining special methods in a class, such as:

- __add__ for +

- __sub__ for -

- __mul__ for *

- __eq__ for ==, etc.

Example:

class Point:

def __init__(self, x, y):

self.x = x

self.y = y

def __add__(self, other):

return Point(self.x + other.x, self.y + other.y)


def __str__(self):

return f"({self.x}, {self.y})"

p1 = Point(1, 2)

p2 = Point(3, 4)

p3 = p1 + p2

print(p3) # Output: (4, 6)

Here, the '+' operator is overloaded to add two Point objects using the __add__ method.

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