Heating and Chemical Effect of Current 1129

Chapter
20
Heating and Chemical Effect of Current
Joules Heating (3) Resistance of electrical appliance : If variation of

When some potential difference V is applied across a resistance with temperature is neglected then resistance of any
resistance R then the work done by the electric field on charge q electrical appliance can be calculated by rated power and rated
to flow through the circuit in time t will be W = qV = Vit = i Rt 2
V R2
voltage i.e. by using R  .
V 2t
 Joule . This work appears as thermal energy in the PR
R
resistor. (4) Power consumed (illumination) : An electrical appliance

Heat produced by the resistance R is (Bulb, heater, …. etc.) consume rated power (PR) only if applied

W Vit i 2 Rt V 2t voltage (VA) is equal to rated voltage (VR) i.e. If VA = VR so

H    Cal. This relation is called joules
J 4  2 4  2 4  2R
VA2
heating. Pconsumed = PR. If VA < VR then Pconsumed  also we have
R
Electric Power VR2  V2 
R so PConsumed (Brightness )   A2  . PR

The rate at which electrical energy is dissipated into other PR  VR 
forms of energy is called electrical power i.e. (5) Long distance power transmission : When power is
2
P
W
 Vi  i 2 R 
V transmitted through a power line of resistance R, power-loss
t R
will be i2 R
(1) Units : It’s S.I. unit is Joule/sec or Watt
Now if the power P is transmitted at voltage V then P  Vi
Bigger S.I. units are KW, MW and HP, remember 1 HP =
P2
i.e. i  (P / V ) So, Power loss  R
746 Watt V2

(2) Rated values : On electrical appliances (Bulbs, Heater, Now as for a given power and line, P and R are constant so
Geyser …. etc.). Wattage, voltage, ……. etc. are printed called Power loss (1 / V 2 )
rated values e.g. If suppose we have a bulb of 40 W, 220 V then

rated power (PR) = 40 W while rated voltage (VR) = 220 V.

 1130 Heating and Chemical Effect of Current
So if power is transmitted at high voltage, power loss will P1, V
be small and vice-versa. This is why long distance power

transmission is carried out at high voltage. P2 , V

Supply
Electricity Consumption V
(1) The price of electricity consumed is calculated on the Fig. 20.2

basis of electrical energy and not on the basis of electrical

power.

(2) The unit Joule for energy is very small hence a big (ii) If ‘n’ identical bulbs are in parallel. Ptotal  nP

practical unit is considered known as kilowatt hour (KWH) or 1

(iii) Pconsumed (Brightness)  PR  i  i.e. in parallel
R
board of trade unit (B.T.U.) or simple unit.
combination, bulb of greater wattage will give more bright light
(3) 1 KWH or 1 unit is the quantity of electrical energy
and more current will pass through it.
which dissipates in one hour in an electrical circuit when the
Chemical Effect of Current
electrical power in the circuit is 1 KW thus 1 KWH = 1000 W 
Current can produce or speed up chemical change, this
3600 sec = 3.6  106 J.
ability of current is called chemical effect (shown by dc not by
(4) Important formulae to calculate the no. of consumed
ac).
Total W att Total Hours
units is n 
1000 (1) Electrolytes : The liquids which allows the current to
Combination of Bulbs pass through them and also dissociates into ions on passing
(1) Series combination current through them are called electrolytes e.g. solutions of
P1, V P2, V
salts, acids and bases in water, etc.

Those liquids which do not allow current to pass through

Supply them are called insulators (e.g. vegetable oils, distilled water etc.)
V
Fig. 20.1
Solutions of cane sugar, glycerin, alcohol etc. are examples

of non-electrolytes.

(2) Electrolysis : The process of decomposition of

1 1 1
(i) Total power consumed    ......
Ptotal P1 P2 electrolyte solution into ions on passing the current through it is

P called electrolysis.
(ii) If ‘n’ bulbs are identical, Ptotal 
N
Practical applications of electrolysis are Electrotyping,
1
(iii) Pconsumed (Brightness)  V  R  i.e. in series extraction of metals from the ores, Purification of metals,
Prated
Manufacture of chemicals, Production of O2 and H2, Medical
combination bulb of lesser wattage will give more bright light applications and electroplating.
and p.d. appeared across it will be more. (3) Electroplating : It is a process of depositing a thin layer

(2) Parallel combination of one metal over another metal by the method of electrolysis.
The articles of cheap metals are coated with precious metals
(i) Total power consumed Ptotal  P1  P2  P3 ......  Pn
like silver and gold to make their look more attractive. The
 Heating and Chemical Effect of Current 1131

article to be electroplated is made the cathode and the metal to are made collects

be deposited is made the anode. A soluble salt of the precious of platinum over the
metal is taken as the electrolyte. (If gold is to be coated then (Pt) cathode
auric chloride is used as electrolyte). and anode

respectively

in the ratio

of 2 : 1

Faraday's Law of Electrolysis

(1) First law : It states that the mass (m) of substance
deposited at the cathode during electrolysis is directly
proportional to the quantity of electricity (total charge q) passed
through the electrolyte i.e. m  q or m = zq = zit, where the
(4) Voltameter : The vessel in which the electrolysis is
constant of proportionality z is called electrochemical equivalent
carried out is called a voltameter. It contains two electrodes and
(E.C.E.) of the substance.
electrolyte. It is also known as electrolytic cell.
Therefore we have m  zit . If q = 1 coulomb, then we have
Table 20.1 : Types of voltameters m = z  1 or z = m

Volatameter Anode/ Electrolyte Deposition Hence, the electrochemical equivalent of substance may be
defined as the mass of its substance deposited at the cathode,
cathode
when one coulomb of charge passes through the electrolyte.
Cu voltameter Cathode CuSO4 or At cathode
S.I. unit of electrochemical equivalent of a substance is
Rh
may be of CuCl2 Cu
kilogram coulomb–1 (kg-C–1).
Cu any deposited
Table 20.2 : E.C.E. for certain substances
A plates C material

Cu lost but anode Element Atomic Atomic Valency E.C.E. (Z) in

weight number kg / C
Cu must be of
deposited Cu Hydrogen 1.0008 1 1 10.4  10–9

Oxygen 15.999 8 2 82.9  10–9

Aluminium 26.982 13 3 93.6  10–9

Chromium 51.996 24 3 179.6  10–9

Ag voltameter Cathode AgNO3 At cathode

Rh Nickel 58.710 28 2 304.0  10–9

– + may be of Ag
Anode
AgNO3 any deposited Copper 63.546 29 2 329.4  10–9

Agsolution material Zinc 65.380 30 2 338.7  10–9

but anode Silver 107.868 47 1 1118  10–9

Cathode
must be of Gold 196.966 79 3 681.2  10–9
Ag

(2) Second law : If same quantity of electricity is passed

Water voltameter Both Acidulated H2 and O2
through different electrolytes, masses of the substance
electrode water gases are
O2 H2

+ + –
–
A
Rh
 1132 Heating and Chemical Effect of Current
deposited at the respective cathodes are directly proportional to It is an arrangement in which the chemical energy is
m1 E
their chemical equivalents i.e. m  E   1 converted into electrical energy due to chemical action taking
m2 E2
place in it.
Let m be the mass of the ions of a substance liberated,
whose chemical equivalent is E. Then, according to Faraday’s (1) Primary cell : Is that cell in which electrical energy is

second law of electrolysis, m  E or m = constant  E or produced due to chemical energy. In the primary cell, chemical
m
 constant reaction is irreversible. This cell can not be recharged.
E
Examples of primary cells are Voltaic cell, Daniel cell, Leclanche
Chemical equivalent E also known as equivalent weight in
Atomic mass ( A) cell and Dry cell etc.
gm i.e. E 
Valancy (V )
(2) Secondary cell : A secondary cell is that cell in which
(3) Relation between chemical equivalent and
the electrical energy is first stored up as a chemical energy and
electrochemical equivalent : Suppose that on passing same
when the current is taken from the cell, the chemical energy is
amount of electricity q through two different electrolytes, masses
reconverted into electrical energy. In the secondary cell
of the two substances liberated are m1 and m2. If E1 and E2 are
chemical reactions are reversible. The secondary cells are also
their chemical equivalents, then from Faraday’s second law, we
m E m1 z called storage cell or accumulator. The commonly used
have 1  1 . Also from Faraday’s first law  1
m2 E2 m2 z2 secondary cells is lead accumulator.
z1 E
So  1  zE (3) Defects In a primary cell : In voltaic cell there are two
z2 E2
main defects arises. Cu Zn
+ –
(4) Faraday constant : As we discussed above E  z
Electrolyte
E A
 E  Fz  z   . ‘F’ is proportionality constant dilute H2SO4
F VF Cu
Local action
called Faraday’s constant.
Polarisation
Zn
E m E m
As z  and z  so  hence if Q = 1 Faraday
F Q F Q Fig. 20.5
then E  m i.e. If electricity supplied to a voltameter is 1
Faraday then amount of substance liberated or deposited is (in
gm) equal to the chemical equivalent.
Local action : It arises due to the presence of impurities of
Electro Chemical Cell
iron, carbon etc. on the surface of commercial Zn rod used as
an electrode. The particles of these impurities and Zn in contact
e– e– with sulphuric acid form minute voltaic cell in which small local
Copper (cathode)
Salt bridge
Zinc (anode)
electric currents are set up resulting in the wastage of Zn even
2Na+ SO42–
when the cell is not sending the external current.
Removal : By amalgamating Zn rod with mercury (i.e. the
2e–
Zn2+
surface of Zn is coated with Hg).
Cu2+ SO4
2–
Zn
SO42– Polarisation : It arises, when the positive H2 ions, which are
Cu2+(aq)+2e–  Cu(s) Zn(s)  Zn2+(aq)+2e– formed by the action of Zn on sulphuric acid, travel towards the
Fig. 20.4
Cu rod and after transferring, the positive charge converted into
H2 gas atoms and get deposited in the form of neutral layer of a
gas on the surface of Cu rod. This weakens the action of cell.
 Heating and Chemical Effect of Current 1133

Removal : Either by brushing the anode the remove the (i) Seebeck arranged different metals in the decreasing order
layer or by using a depolariser (i.e. some oxidising agent MnO2, of their electron density. Few metals forming the series are as
CuSO4 etc which may oxidise H2 into water). below.

Thermo electric effect of current Sb, Fe, Cd, Zn, Ag, Au, Cr, Sn, Pb, Hg, Mn, Cu, Pt, Co, Ni, Bi

(ii) Thermo electric emf is directly proportional to the

distance between the two metals in series. Farther the metals in
the series forming the thermo couple greater is the thermo emf.
Thus maximum thermo emf is obtained for Sb-Bi thermo couple.

(iii) The current flow at the hot junction of the thermocouple

is from the metal occurring later in the series towards that

occurring earlier, Thus, in the copper-iron thermocouple the

current flows from copper (Cu) to iron (Fe) at the hot junction.
If two wires of different metals are joined at their ends so as
This may be remembered easily by the hot coffee.
to form two junctions, then the resulting arrangement is called a

“Thermo couple”. (3) Variation of thermo emf with temperature : In a

thermocouple as the temperature of the hot junction increases

Seeback Effect
keeping the cold junction at constant temperature (say 0oC).
(1) Definition : When the two junctions of a thermo couple
The thermo emf increases till it becomes maximum at a certain
are maintained at different temperatures, then a current starts
temperature.
flowing through the loop known as thermo electric current. The

potential difference between the junctions is called thermo E

G of a few micro-volts per degree

electric emf which is of the order

temperature difference (V/oC).

Fe
O tn ti t
Cu
Fig. 20.7

Hot Ice

(i) Thermo electric emf is given by the equation

Fig. 20.6 1
E t   t 2 where  and  are thermo electric constant
2
having units are volt/oC and volt/oC2 respectively (t =
temperature of hot junction). For E to be maximum (at t = tn)
dE 
 0 i.e.  +  tn = 0  t  
dt 

(2) Seebeck series : The magnitude and direction of thermo (ii) The temperature of hot junction at which thermo
emf becomes maximum is called neutral temperature ( t n).
emf in a thermocouple depends not only on the temperature
Neutral temperature is constant for a thermo couple ( e.g.
difference between the hot and cold junctions but also on the
for Cu- Fe, t n = 270 o C)
nature of metals constituting the thermo couple.
 1134 Heating and Chemical Effect of Current
(iii) Neutral temperature is independent of the temperature formed. One is between iron and tin and the other is between tin
of cold junction. and copper, as shown in figure
(iv) If temperature of hot junction increases beyond neutral
temperature, thermo emf start decreasing and at a particular Cu
temperature it becomes zero, on heating slightly further, the Cu
E Sn
direction of emf is reversed. This temperature of hot junction is Sn

called temperature of inversion (ti).

Sn
E Fe
Fe
t t
(v) Relation between tn , ti and tc is t n  i c
2
Fig. 20.9
(4) Thermo electric power : The rate of change of thermo
emf with the change in the temperature of the hot junction is
called thermoelectric power.
If the soldering metal does not lie between two metals (in
It is also given by the slope of parabolic curve representing
Seebeck series) of thermocouple then the resultant emf will be
the variation of thermo emf with temperature of the hot junction,
subtractive.
as discussed in previous section.
Peltier Effect
 dE 
The thermo electric power   is also called Seebeck
 dt  When current is passed through a junction of two different
coefficient. Differentiating both sides of the equation of thermo metals, the heat is either evolved or absorbed at the junction.
emf with respect to t, we have thermoelectric power This effect is known as Peltier effect. It is the reverse of
dE d 1
P  ( t   t 2 ) P Seebeck effect. (When a positive charge flows from high
dt dt 2
Slope  potential to low potential, it releases energy and when positive
 P    t
charge flows from low potential to high potential it absorbs
The equation of the thermo 
energy.)
electric power is of the type
t
y  mx  c, so the graph of Fig. 20.8 – + + –

thermo electric power is as shown.

Fe Fe
Cu Cu

(5) Laws of thermoelectricity

Heated Heated Cooled
(i) Law of successive temperature : If initially temperature
(Heat evolved) (Heat evolved) (Heat absorbed)
limits of the cold and the hot junction are t1 and t2, say the Cooled Fig. 20.10
(Heat absorbed)
thermo emf is E tt12 . When the temperature limits are t2 and t3,

then say the thermo emf is E tt23 then E tt12  E tt23  E tt13 where

E tt13 is the thermo emf when the temperature limits are E tt13 Peltier co-efficient () : Heat absorbed or liberated at the
junction is directly proportional to the charge passing through
(ii) Law of intermediate metals : Let A, B and C be the three
the junction i.e. H  Q  H = Q ; where  is called Peltier co-
metals of Seebeck series, where B lies between A and C.
efficient. It’s unit is J/C or volt.
According to this law, E AB  E BC  E CA
Peltier co-efficient of a junction is the amount of heat
When tin is used as a soldering metal in Fe-Cu thermocouple
absorbed or liberated per sec. When 1 amp of current is passed
then at the junction, two different thermo couples are being
to the thermo couple.
 Heating and Chemical Effect of Current 1135

dE
It is found that   T  T  S ; where T is in Kelvin and
dT
dE
 P  Seebeck coefficient S Thomson’s co-efficient : In Thomson’s effect it is found that
dT
heat released or absorbed is proportional to Q i.e. H  Q
Thomson's Effect
 H  Q where  = Thomson’s coefficient. It’s unit is
In Thomson’s effect we deal with only metallic rod and not Joule/coulomboC or volt/oC and  = temperature difference.
with thermocouple as in Peltiers effect and Seebeck’s effect. If Q = 1 and  = 1 then   H so the amount of heat
(That’s why sometimes it is known as homogeneous thermo energy absorbed or evolved per second between two points of a
electric effect. When a current flows thorough an unequally conductor having a unit temperature difference, when a unit

heated metal, there is an absorption or evolution of heat in the current is passed is known as Thomson’s co-efficient for the
material of a conductor.
body of the metal. This is Thomson’s effect.
It can be proved that Thomson co-efficient of the material of
(i) Positive Thomson’s effect : In positive Thomson’s
d2E  dS 
effect it is found that hot end is at high potential and cold end is conductor   T  T    T   ; where  = Thermo
 dT 
2
dT
at low potential. Heat is evolved when current is passed from dS
electric constant 
dt
hotter end to the colder end and heat is absorbed when current
Application of Thermo Electric Effect
is passed from Heat
colder end to hotter Heat
absorbed end.evolved
The metals which
i , Zn... etc.
i effect are Cu, Sn, Ag, Cd (1) To measure temperature : A thermocouple is used to
shows positive Thomson's
Cold Hot Cold measure very high (2000oC) as well as very low (– 200oC)
temperature in industries and laboratories. The thermocouple
Fig. 28.11 used to measure very high temperature is called pyrometer.

(2) To detect heat radiation : A thermopile is a sensitive

instrument used for detection of heat radiation and
measurement of their intensity. It is based upon Seebeck effect.
(ii) Negative Thomson’s effect : In the elements which A thermoppile consists of a number of thermocouples of
show negative Thomson’s effect, it is found that the hot end is at Sb-Bi, all connected in series. Sb
T1
low potential and the cold end is at higher potential. Heat is
Heat radiations

evolved when current is passed from colder end to the hotter

end and heat is absorbed when current flows from hotter end to G

colder end. The metals which shows negative. Thomson's effect

are Fe, Co, Bi, Pt, Hg ... etc. T2
Bi Fig. 20.13
Heat evolved Heat absorbed
i i
Cold Hot Cold

Fig. 20.12
Table 20.3: Heating effect and Thermo-electric effects

S.No. Joule's effect Peltier's effect Seebeck effect Thomson's effect

1. Heat produced is directly Heat produced or absorbed at Here temperature difference of Thomson's heat is proportional

proportional to the square of the a junction is proportional to the junction is used to produce to the current passing through

current passing through a current through the junction. thermo e.m.f. and vice versa. the conductor.
 1136 Heating and Chemical Effect of Current
conductor.

2. This effect is produced due to This effect is produced when This effect produced when This effect is produced when

collision of free electrons with current is passed through junctions of a themocouple are parts of same conductor are

positive ions of the current junction of suitable materials. kept at different temperatures. kept at different temperature.

carrying conductor.

3. It is not a reversible effect. It is a reversible effect It is a reversible effect It is a reversible effect

4. Heat produced depends upon Heat exchange depends upon This effect depends upon This effect depends upon

resistance (and thus nature of conductors and nature of materials used to nature of conductor and

temperature also) of the temperature of the junctions. form junctions and temperature temperature difference of

conductor. of junctions. different parts of the conductor.

5. It is basically a heating effect It can be heating as well as Different junctions are at It is heating as well as cooling

cooling effect. different temperature. effect.

This instrument is so sensitive that it can detect heat

If VApplied < VRated then % drop in output power of
radiations from a match stick lighted at a distance of 50 metres (P  Pconsumed )
electrical device  R  100
from the thermopile. PR

(3) Thermoelectric refrigerator : The working of thermo-  Different bulbs 25W 100W 1000W
electric refrigerator is based on Peltier effect. 220V 220V 220V

(4) Thermoelectric generator : Thermocouple can be used

to generate electric power using Seebeck effect in remote
 Resistance R25 > R100 > R1000
areas.
 Thickness of filament t1000 > t100 > t40
(5) Thero-couple meter : The current to be measured
 Brightness B1000 > B100 > B25
passes through a resistance where heat is generated in the
 Time taken by heater to raise the temperature by  of
amount of i2R joule/sec. The hot junction of the thermocouple is
4180 ( or 4200) m 
m kg (or m litre) water is given by t 
in contact with this resistance, and resulting thermoelectic p
current gives deflectionGin the galvanometer G.  Necessary series resistance to glow a bulb, if VApplied >
Cold
VRated

Hot V  VRated 
i R   Applied   VR (PR = Rated power of bulb)

 PR 
Fig. 20.14
 When some potential difference applied across the
conductor then collision of free electrons with ions of the
lattice result’s in conversion of electrical energy into heat
energy

 If a heating coil of resistance R, (length l) consumed

power P, when voltage V is applied to it then by keeping V
constant if it is cut in n equal parts then resistance of each part
1
will be R/n and from Pconsumed  , power consumed by each
R
 Heating and Chemical Effect of Current 1137

part P'  nP .

 In series a device of higher power rating consumes less Heating Effect of Current
power.
1. One kilowatt hour is equal to [NCERT 1974; MP PMT 2002]
 Consider that n bulbs are connected in series across V
volt supply. If one bulb gets fused and (n – 1) bulbs are again (a) 36  10 5 joules (b) 36  10 3 joules
connected in series across same supply, the illumination will
(c) 10 3 joules (d) 10 5 joules
be more with (n – 1) bulbs then n bulbs but risk of fusing of
bulbs will increases. 2. If R1 and R 2 are respectively the filament resistances of

 When a heavy current appliance such us motor, heater a 200 watt bulb and 100 watt bulb designed to operate on
or geyser is switched on, it will draw a heavy current from the the same voltage, then [NCERT 1980; CPMT 1991, 97]
source so that terminal voltage of source decreases. Hence
(a) R1 is two times R 2 (b) R 2 is two times R1
power consumed by the bulb decreases, so the light of bulb
r
(c) R 2 is four times R1 (d) R1 is four times R 2
Heater

becomes less.

~ 3. Two electric bulbs, one of 200 volt 40 watt and the other
K
200 volt 100 watt are connected in a house wiring circuit

[NCERT 1971; CBSE PMT 2000]

(a) They have equal currents through them

 If  is the density of the material deposited and A is the area
of deposition then the thickness (d) of the layer of the material (b) The resistance of the filaments in both the bulbs is

deposited in electroplating process is d 

m

Zi t
; where m = same
A A
(c) The resistance of the filament in 40 watt bulb is more
deposited mass, Z = electro chemical equivalent, i = electric
current. than the resistance in 100 watt bulb

 Charging current for a secondary cell (d) The resistance of the filament in 100 watt bulb is

e.m.f. of charger  e.m.f. of cell more than the resistance in 40 watt bulb

Total resistance of the circuit
4. The two bulbs as in the above question are connected in
R
 Efficiency of a cell is given by   where R is series to a 200 volt line. Then [
rR
external resistance and r is internal resistance. (a) The potential drop across the two bulbs is the same

 The efficiency of cell is 50% when the power dissipated in (b) The potential drop across the 40 watt bulb is greater
the external circuit is maximum. than the potential drop across the 100 watt bulb

 Thermo couple can be compared to a heat engine. It (c) The potential drop across the 100 W bulb is greater
absorbs heat at the junction (source) converts heat into electric than the potential drop across the 40 W bulb
energy (which appears as the circulating electric current) and
(d) The potential drop across both the bulb is 200 volt
rejects the remaining heat to cold junction (Sink).
5. Forty electric bulbs are connected in series across a 220
V supply. After one bulb is fused, the remaining 39 are
connected again in series across the same supply. The
illumination will be
 1138 Heating and Chemical Effect of Current
[NCERT 1972; Haryana CEE 1996; DPMT 2001] 11. Two electric bulbs whose resistances are in the ratio of 1
(a) More with 40 bulbs than with 39 : 2 are connected in series. The powers dissipated in
(b) More with 39 bulbs than with 40 them have the ratio [NCERT 1977]

(c) Equal in both the cases (a) 1 : 2 (b) 2 : 1

(d) In the ratio of 49 2 : 39 2 (c) 1 : 1 (d) 1 : 4

6. The material of fuse wire should have 12. You are given a resistance wire of length 50 cm and a
battery of negligible resistance. In which of the following
[BHU 1999; MH CET 2001; CBSE PMT 2003]
cases is largest amount of heat generated
(a) A high specific resistance and high melting point
(a) When the wire is connected to the battery directly
(b) A low specific resistance and low melting point
(b) When the wire is divided into two parts and both the
(c) A high specific resistance and low melting point
parts connected to the battery in parallel
(d) A low specific resistance and a high melting point
(c) When the wire is divided into four parts and all the
7. Two electric bulbs whose resistances are in the ratio of 1
four connected to the battery in parallel
: 2 are connected in parallel to a constant voltage source.
(d) When only half the wire is connected to the battery
The powers dissipated in them have the ratio
[NCERT 1977; MP PMT 1994, 2000]

(a) 1 : 2 (b) 1 : 1
(c) 2 : 1 (d) 1 : 4
8. A heater coil is cut into two parts of equal length and one
of them is used in the heater. The ratio of the heat
produced by this half coil to that by the original coil is
[NCERT 1972; AIEEE 2005; CBSE PMT 2005]

(a) 2 : 1 (b) 1 : 2
(c) 1 : 4 (d) 4 : 1
9. Resistance of one carbon filament and one tungsten lamp
are measured individually when the lamp are lit and
compared with their respective resistances when cold.
Which one of the following statements will be true [NCERT 972]
(a) Resistance of the carbon filament lamp will increase
but that of the tungsten will diminish when hot
(b) Resistance of the tungsten filament lamp will
increase but that of carbon will diminish when hot
(c) Resistances of both the lamps will increase when hot
(d) Resistances of both the lamps will decrease when
hot
10. The mechanism of the heat produced in a conductor
when an electric current flows through it, can be
explained on the basis of
(a) Viscosity (b) Friction
(c) Free electron theory (d) Gauss's theorem
 1136 Heating and Chemical Effect of Current

13. What is immaterial for an electric fuse wire (d) In series the thick wire will liberate more while in parallel it
will liberate less energy
[MNR 1984; MP PMT 2002; CPMT 1996, 2003]
21. An electric bulb is rated 220 volt and 100 watt. Power consumed by
(a) Its specific resistance it when operated on 110 volt is
(b) Its radius [CPMT 1986; MP PMT 1986, 94; AFMC 2000]
(c) Its length (a) 50 watt (b) 75 watt
(c) 90 watt (d) 25 watt
(d) Current flowing through it
22. A 25 watt, 220 volt bulb and a 100 watt, 220 volt bulb are connected
14. The electric bulbs have tungsten filaments of same length. If one of in series across a 220 volt lines. Which electric bulb will glow more
them gives 60 watt and other 100 watt, then brightly [MP PET 1999; MP PMT 1999]
[NCERT 1979] (a) 25 watt bulb
(a) 100 watt bulb has thicker filament (b) 100 watt bulb
(c) First 25 watt and then 100 watt
(b) 60 watt bulb has thicker filament
(d) Both with same brightness
(c) Both filaments are of same thickness
23. A resistor R1 dissipates the power P when connected to a certain
(d) It is possible to get different wattage unless the lengths are
generator. If the resistor R 2 is put in series with R1 , the power
different
dissipated by R1 [CPMT 1985; MNR 1998]
15. Three equal resistors connected in series across a source of e.m.f.
together dissipate 10 watt. If the same resistors are connected in (a) Decreases
parallel across the same e.m.f., then the power dissipated will be (b) Increases
[CBSE PMT 1998; KCET (Engg.) 1999; MP PMT 2003] (c) Remains the same
(a) 10 watt (b) 30 watt (d) Any of the above depending upon the relative values of R1
(c) 10/3 watt (d) 90 watt and R 2
16. How much energy in kilowatt hour is consumed in operating ten 50 24. An electric fan and a heater are marked as 100 watt, 220 volt and
watt bulbs for 10 hours per day in a month (30 days). 1000 watt, 220 volt respectively. The resistance of the heater is
(a) Zero
[NCERT 1978, 80; CPMT 1991]
(b) Greater than that of the fan
(a) 1500 (b) 5,000
(c) 15 (d) 150 (c) Less than that of the fan
(d) Equal to that of the fan
17. (1) The product of a volt and a coulomb is a joule.
25. According to Joule's law, if the potential difference across a
(2) The product of a volt and an ampere is a joule/second. conductor having a material of specific resistance remains constant,
(3) The product of volt and watt is horse power. then the heat produced in the conductor is directly proportional to
(4) Watt-hour can be measured in terms of electron volt. (a)  (b)  2
State if [NCERT 1978; MP PMT 2003] 1 1
(c) (d)
(a) All four are correct  
(b) (1), (2) and (4) are correct 26. Two heater wires of equal length are first connected in series and
then in parallel. The ratio of heat produced in the two cases is
(c) (1) and (3) are correct
[MNR 1987; UPSEAT 1999; MP PMT 1996, 2000, 01;
(d) (3) and (4) are correct AIIMS 2000; MP PET 1999, 2002; BHU 2004; Pb PET 2004]
18. A 25 W, 220 V bulb and a 100 W, 220 V bulb are connected in (a) 2 : 1 (b) 1 : 2
parallel across a 440 V line [CBSE PMT 2001] (c) 4 : 1 (d) 1 : 4
(a) Only 100 watt bulb will fuse 27. Two bulbs of equal wattage, one having carbon filament and the
(b) Only 25 watt bulb will fuse other having a tungsten filament are connected in series to the
(c) Both bulbs will fuse mains, then
(d) None of the bulbs will fuse (a) Both bulbs glow equally
(b) Carbon filament bulb glows more
19. Two electric lamps of 40 watt each are connected in parallel. The
(c) Tungsten filament bulbs glows more
power consumed by the combination will be
(d) Carbon filament bulb glows less
[CPMT 1984]
28. Two identical heaters rated 220 volt, 1000 watt are placed in series
(a) 20 watt (b) 60 watt with each other across 220 volt lines. If resistance do not change
(c) 80 watt (d) 100 watt with temperature, then the combined power is
20. Two heating coils, one of fine wire and the other of thick wire of (a) 1000 watt (b) 2000 watt
the same material and of the same length are connected in series (c) 500 watt (d) 4000 watt
and in parallel. Which of the following statement is correct
29. A 25 watt, 220 volt bulb and a 100 watt, 220 volt bulb are connected
(a) In series fine wire liberates more energy while in parallel thick
in parallel across a 220 volt line. Which bulb will glow more brightly
wire will liberate more energy
(a) 25 watt bulb
(b) In series fine wire liberates less energy while in parallel thick
wire will liberate more energy (b) 100 watt bulb
(c) Both will liberate equally (c) Both will have same brightness
 Heating and Chemical Effect of Current 1137

(d) First 25 watt then 100 watt (c) R (d) R 2

30. If two bulbs of wattage 25 and 100 respectively each rated at 220 39. The power rating of an electric motor which draws a current of
volt are connected in series with the supply of 440 volt, then which 3.75 amperes when operated at 200 V is about
bulbs will fuse [MNR 1988]
(a) 1 H.P. (b) 500 W
(a) 100 watt bulb (b) 25 watt bulb
(c) None of them (d) Both of them (c) 54 W (d) 750 H.P.
31. If current in an electric bulb changes by 1%, then the power will 40. An electric bulb of 100 watt is connected to a supply of electricity of
change by [AFMC 1996]
220 V. Resistance of the filament is
[EAMCET 1981, 82; MP PMT 1993, 97]
(a) 1% (b) 2%
(a) 484  (b) 100 
1
(c) 4% (d) % (c) 22000  (d) 242 
2
32. Two identical batteries, each of e.m.f. 2 volt and internal resistance 41. A cable of resistance 10  carries electric power from a generator
1.0 ohm are available to produce heat in an external resistance producing 250 kW at 10000 volt. The current in the cable is
R  0.5 ohm by passing a current through it. The maximum (a) 25 A (b) 250 A
Joulean power that can be developed across R using these batteries (c) 100 A (d) 1000 A
is 42. In the above question, the power lost in the cable during
[CBSE PMT 1990; BHU 1997] transmission is
(a) 1.28 watt (b) 2.0 watt (a) 12.5 kW (b) 6.25 kW
8 (c) 25 kW (d) 3.15 kW
(c) watt (d) 3.2 watt 43. The heat generated through 2 ohm and 8 ohm resistances
9
separately, when a condenser of 200 F capacity charged to 200 V
33. A constant voltage is applied between the two ends of a metallic
wire. If both the length and the radius of the wire are doubled, the is discharged one by one, will be [MP PET 1993]
rate of heat developed in the wire (a) 4 J and 16 J respectively
[MP PMT 1996] (b) 16 J and 4 J respectively
(a) Will be doubled (b) Will be halved (c) 4 J and 8 J respectively
(c) Will remain the same (d) Will be quadrupled (d) 4 J and 4 J respectively
34. The heating coils rating at 220 volt and producing 50 cal/sec heat 44. Two bulbs are in parallel and they together consume 48 W from a
are available with the resistances 55 , 110 , 220  and battery of 6 V. The resistance of each bulb is
440  . The heater of maximum power will be of (a) 0.67  (b) 3 .0 
[MP PMT 1985] (c) 4 .0  (d) 1 .5 
(a) 440  (b) 220  45. The heat developed in an electric wire of resistance R by a current I
for a time t is [MP PMT 1993; MP PET 2005]
(c) 110  (d) 55 
I 2 Rt
35. Which of the following statement is false (a) cal (b)
4 .2
(a) Heat produced in a conductor is proportional to its resistance
(b) Heat produced in a conductor is proportional to the square of I2R Rt
the current (c) cal (d) cal
4 .2 t 4.2 I 2
(c) Heat produced in a conductor is proportional to charge
46. Two bulbs, one of 50 watt and another of 25 watt are connected in
(d) Heat produced in a conductor is proportional to the time for
which current is passed series to the mains. The ratio of the currents through them is
(a) 2 : 1
36. On an electric heater 220 volt and 1100 watt are marked. On using it
for 4 hours, the energy consumed in kWh will be (b) 1 : 2
(c) 1 : 1
(a) 2 (b) 4.4
(d) Without voltage, cannot be calculated
(c) 6 (d) 8
47. The brightness of a bulb will be reduced, if a resistance is connected
37. An electric heater kept in vacuum is heated continuously by passing
electric current. Its temperature [MP PET 1993] in
(a) Will go on rising with time (a) Series with it
(b) Will stop after sometime as it will loose heat to the (b) Parallel with it
surroundings by conduction (c) Series or parallel with it
(c) Will rise for sometime and there after will start falling
(d) Brightness of the bulb cannot be reduced
(d) Will become constant after sometime because of loss of heat
due to radiation 48. A 100 watt bulb working on 200 volt and a 200 watt bulb working
on 100 volt have
38. Heat produced in a wire of resistance R due to current flowing at (a) Resistances in the ratio of 4 : 1
constant potential difference is proportional to
[MP PET 1993] (b) Maximum current ratings in the ratio of 1 : 4
(c) Resistances in the ratio of 2 : 1
1 1 (d) Maximum current ratings in the ratio of 1 : 2
(a) (b)
R2 R
 1138 Heating and Chemical Effect of Current
49. There are two electric bulbs of 40 W and 100 W. Which one will be (a) 200 J (b) 400 J
brighter when first connected in series and then in parallel, (c) 25[MP
J PET 1993] (d) 50 J
(a) 40 W in series and 100 W in parallel
59. Which of the following is not a correct statement
(b) 100 W in series and 40 W in parallel
[MP PET 1995]
(c) 40 W both in series and parallel will be uniform (a) Resistivity of electrolytes decreases on increasing temperature
(d) 100 W both in series and parallel will be uniform (b) Resistance of mercury falls on decreasing its temperature
50. Two resistances R 1 and R 2 when connected in series and parallel (c) When joined in series a 40 W bulb glows more than a 60 W
bulb
with 120 V line, power consumed will be 25 W and 100 W
(d) Resistance of 40 W bulb is less than the resistance of 60 W
respectively. Then the ratio of power consumed by R 1 to that bulb
consumed by R 2 will be [EAMCET 1983] 60. Three light bulbs of 40 W, 60 W and 100 W are connected in series
with 220 V source. Which one of the bulbs will glow brightest[MP PMT 1995; UP
(a) 1 : 1 (b) 1 : 2
(a) 40 W
(c) 2 : 1 (d) 1 : 4
(b) 60 W
51. A 220 volt and 800 watt electric kettle and three 220 volt and 100 (c) 100 W
watt bulbs are connected in parallel. On connecting this
combination with 220 volt electric supply, the total current will be (d) All[MP
withPMT
the1975]
same brightness
(a) 0.15 ampere (b) 5.0 ampere 61. The energy consumed in 1 kilowatt electric heater in 30 seconds will
(c) 5.5 ampere (d) 6.9 ampere be
52. You are given three bulbs of 25, 40 and 60 watt. Which of them has (a) 6  10 2 J (b) 4.99  10 7 J
lowest resistance [NCERT 1982]
(c) 9.8  10 6 J (d) 3  10 4 J
(a) 25 watt bulb (b) 40 watt bulb
62. Two bulbs of 500 watt and 200 watt are manufactured to operate
(c) 60 watt bulb (d) Information is insufficient on 220 volt line. The ratio of heat produced in 500 W and 200 W,
53. The value of internal resistance of an ideal cell is in two cases, when firstly they are joined in parallel and secondly in
[EAMCET 1989] series, will be
[MP PET 1996; DPMT 1999]
(a) Zero (b) 0 .5 
5 2 5 5
(a) , (b) ,
(c) 1 (d) Infinity 2 5 2 2
54. Electric power is transmitted over long distances through 2 5 2 2
conducting wires at high voltage because [MP PET 1994] (c) , (d) ,
5 2 5 5
(a) High voltage travels faster 63. A 60 watt bulb carries a current of 0.5 amp. The total charge
(b) Power loss is large passing through it in 1 hour is [MP PMT 1996]
(c) Power loss is less (a) 3600 coulomb (b) 3000 coulomb
(d) Generator produced electrical energy at a very high voltage (c) 2400 coulomb (d) 1800 coulomb
55. A coil develops heat of 800 cal/sec. When 20 volts is applied across 64. An electric heater of resistance 6 ohm is run for 10 minutes on a 120
its ends. The resistance of the coil is (1 cal = 4.2 joule) volt line.[MP
ThePET
energy
1994] liberated in this period of time is
(a) 1 .2  (b) 1 .4  (a) 7.2  10 J 3
(b) 14.4  10 5 J
(c) 0.12  (d) 0.14  (c) 43.2  10 4 J (d) 28.8  10 4 J
56. Resistances R 1 and R 2 are joined in parallel and a current is 65. Two bulbs are working in parallel order. Bulb A is brighter than
passed so that the amount of heat liberated is H 1 and H 2 bulb B. If R A and R B are their resistance respectively then
H1 (a) R A  RB (b) R A  RB
respectively. The ratio has the value
H2 (c) R A  RB (d) None of these
[MP PMT 1994] 66. Two conductors made of the same material are connected across a
R2 R1 common potential difference. Conductor A has twice the diameter
(a) (b) and twice the length of conductor B. The power delivered to the two
R1 R2
conductors PA and PB respectively is such that PA / PB equals
R 12 R 22
(c) (d) to
R 22 R 12 (a) 0.5 (b) 1.0
57. The internal resistance of a primary cell is 4 ohm. It generates a (c) 1.5 (d) 2.0
current of 0.2 amp in an external resistance of 21 ohm. The rate at 67. A heating coil can heat the water of a vessel from 20C to
which chemical energy is consumed in providing the current is 60C [MP PMT 1994]
in 30 minutes. Two such heating coils are put in series and
(a) 0.42 J / s (b) 0.84 J / s then used to heat the same amount of water through the same
(c) 5J/s (d) 1 J / s temperature range. The time taken now will be (neglecting thermal
capacity of the coils)
58. A heating coil is labelled 100 W, 220 V. The coil is cut in half and
the two pieces are joined in parallel to the same source. The energy [MP PMT 1997]
now liberated per second is [CBSE PMT 1995] (a) 60 minutes (b) 30 minutes
(c) 15 minutes (d) 7.5 minutes
 Heating and Chemical Effect of Current 1139

68. If 2.2 kilowatt power is transmitted through a 10 ohm line at 22000 79. A 4 F conductor is charged to 400 volts and then its plates are
volt, the power loss in the form of heat will be
joined through a resistance of 1 k  . The heat produced in the
[MP PMT/PET 1998]
(a) 0.1 watt (b) 1 watt resistance is [CBSE PMT 1994]
(a) 0.16 J (b) 1.28 J
(c) 10 watt (d) 100 watt
(c) 0.64 J (d) 0.32 J
69. Two resistors having equal resistances are joined in series and a
current is passed through the combination. Neglect any variation in 80. A 10 ohm electric heater operates on a 110 V line. Calculate the rate
resistance as the temperature changes. In a given time interval at which[MP
it develops
PMT 1999]heat in watts [AFMC 1997]

(a) Equal amounts of thermal energy must be produced in the (a) 1310 W (b) 670 W
resistors (c) 810 W (d) 1210 W
(b) Unequal amounts of thermal energy may be produced
81. A (100 W, 200 V) bulb is connected to a 160 V power supply. The
(c) The temperature must rise equally in the resistors
power consumption would be
(d) The temperature must rise unequally in the resistors
[CBSE PMT 1997; JIPMER 2000]
70. A 5C rise in temperature is observed in a conductor by passing a
current. When the current is doubled the rise in temperature will be (a) 64 W (b) 80 W
approximately [CBSE PMT 1998] (c) 100 W (d) 125 W
(a) 16C (b) 10C 82. A battery of e.m.f. 10 V and internal resistance 0.5 ohm is connected
(c) 20C (d) 12C across a variable resistance R. The value of R for which the power
71. Watt-hour meter measures [KCET 1994] delivered in it is maximum is given by
(a) Electric energy (b) Current [BHU 1998; JIPMER 2001, 02; CBSE PMT 2001]

(c) Voltage (d) Power (a) 2.0 ohm (b) 0.25 ohm
72. An electric lamp is marked 60 W, 230 V. The cost of 1 kilowatt hour (c) 1.0 ohm (d) 0.5 ohm
of power is Rs. 1.25. The cost of using this lamp for 8 hours is 83. [KCET 1994]
A piece of fuse wire melts when a current of 15 ampere flows
(a) Rs. 1.20 (b) Rs. 4.00
through it. With this current, if it dissipates 22.5 W, the resistance
(c) Rs. 0.25 (d) Rs. 0.60
of fuse wire will be [MNR 1998]
73. 4 bulbs marked 40 W, 250 V are connected in series with 250 V
(a) Zero (b) 10 
mains. The total power is [EAMCET (Engg.) 1995]
(a) 10 W (b) 40 W (c) 1  (d) 0.10 
(c) 320 W (d) 160 W 84. Two wires ‘A’ and ‘B’ of the same material have their lengths in the
74. Pick out the wrong statement [AMU 1995] ratio 1 : 2 and radii in the ratio 2 : 1. The two wires are connected in
parallel across a battery. The ratio of the heat produced in ‘A’ to the
(a) In a simple battery circuit, the point of lowest potential is the heat produced in ‘B’ for the same time is
negative terminal of the battery
(b) The resistance of an incandescent lamp is greater when the (a) 1 : 2 (b) 2 : 1
lamp is switched off (c) 1 : 8 (d) 8 : 1
(c) An ordinary 100 W lamp has less resistance than a 60 W lamp 85. A heater draws a current of 2A when connected to a 250V source.
(d) At constant voltage, the heat developed in a uniform wire The rate of energy dissipation is [JIPMER 1999]
varies inversely as the length of the wire used (a) 500 W (b) 1000 W
75. Two resistors of 6  and 9  are connected in series to a 120 volt (c) 250 W (d) 125 W
source. The power consumed by the 6  resistor is 86. A bulb rated at (100W – 200V) is used on a 100V line. The current
in the bulb is [JIPMER 1999]
[SCRA 1994]
(a) 384 W (b) 576 W 1
(a) amp (b) 4 amp
(c) 1500 W (d) 1200 W 4
76. Electric room radiator which operates at 225 volts has resistance of
50 ohms. Power of the radiator is approximately 1[SCRA 1994]
(c) amp (d) 2 amp
(a) 100 W (b) 450 W 2
(c) 750 W (d) 1000 W
87. A steel wire has a resistance twice that of an aluminium wire. Both
77. If a power of 100 W is being supplied across a potential difference of of them are connected with a constant voltage supply. More heat
200 V, current flowing is [AFMC 1993] will be dissipated in [Roorkee 1999]
(a) 2 A (b) 0.5 A (a) Steel wire when both are connected in series
(c) 1 A (d) 20 A
(b) Steel wire when both are connected in parallel
78. A current of 2 A passing through conductor produces 80 J of heat in (c) Aluminium wire when both are connected in series
10 seconds. The resistance of the conductor is
(d) Aluminium wire when both are connected in parallel
[CBSE PMT 1993]
88. A current i passes through a wire of length l, radius of cross-section
(a) 0 .5  (b) 2 r and resistivity . The rate of heat generation is
[AMU (Med.) 1999]
(c) 4 (d) 20 
 1140 Heating and Chemical Effect of Current
(d) 4
i 2 l
2
 l 
(a) (b) i 2  2  99. Two wires A and B of same material and mass have their lengths in
r 2  r 
the ratio 1 : 2. On connecting them to the same source, the rate of
(c) i2 l  / r (d) i l  / r heat dissipation in B is found to be 5W. The rate of heat dissipation
in A is [AMU (Engg.) 2000]
89. Which of the following is not equal to watt [DPMT 1999]
(a) 10W (b) 5W
(a) ( Amp )  ohm2
(b) Amp / Volt
(c) 20W (d) None of these
(c) Amp × Volt (d) Joule / sec
100. If two electric bulbs have 40W and 60W rating at 220 V , then the
90. Two wires with resistances R and 2R are connected in parallel, the
ratio of heat generated in 2R and R is ratio of their resistances will be
[DCE 1999, 2000] [BHU 1999; KCET 2001]

(a) 1 : 2 (b) 2 : 1 (a) 3 : 2 (b) 2 : 3

(c) 1 : 4 (d) 4 : 1 (c) 3 : 4 (d) 4 : 3
91. If a high power heater is connected to electric mains, then the bulbs 101. An electric bulb is designed to draw power P at voltage V . If the
0 0

in the house become dim, because there is a voltage is V it draws a power P. Then [KCET 2001]
[BHU 1999; Pb. PMT 2000]
2
 V 
2
(a) Current drop (b) Potential drop V 
(a) P   0  P0 (b) P    P0

(c) No current drop (d) No potential drop  V   V0 
92. If three bulbs 60W, 100W and 200W are connected in parallel, then [BHU 2000]
V  V 
(a) 200 W bulb will glow more (c) P    P0
 (d) P   0  P0
 V0  V 
(b) 60 W bulb will glow more
102. Three bulbs of 40W, 60W and 100W are arranged in series with
(c) 100 W bulb will glow more
220V. Which bulb has minimum resistance
(d) All the bulbs will glow equally
[AFMC 2001]
93. An expression for rate of heat generated, if a current of I ampere
(a) 40W (b) 60W
flows through a resistance of R , is [Pb. PMT 2000]
(c) 100W (d) Equal in all bulbs
(a) I 2 Rt (b) I2R
103. An electric kettle has two heating coils. When one coil is used, water
(c) V 2R (d) IR in the kettle boils in 5 minutes, while when second coil is used, same
water boils in 10 minutes. If the two coils, connected in parallel are
94. On giving 220V to a resistor the power dissipated is 40W then
value of resistance is [RPMT 2000] used simultaneously, the same water will boil in time

(a) 1210  (b) 2000  (a) 3 min 20 sec (b) 5 min

(c) 1000  (d) None of these (c) 7 min 30 sec (d) 2 min 30 sec
95. A 60 watt bulb operates on 220V supply. The current flowing 104. An external resistance R is connected to a battery of e.m.f. V and
through the bulb is [MP PMT 2000] internal resistance r. The joule heat produced in resistor R is
(a) 11/3 amp (b) 3/11 amp maximum when R is equal to [MP PET 2001]

(c) 3 amp (d) 6 amp r

(a) r (b)
96. If two bulbs of wattage 25 and 30, each rated at 220 volts, are connected 2
in series with a 440 volt supply, which bulb will fuse (c) 2r (d) Infinitely large
[MP PET 2000] 105. The amount of heat produced in a resistor when a current is passed
(a) 25 W bulb (b) 30 W bulb through it can be found using [Kerala PET 2001]
(c) Neither of them (d) Both of them (a) Faraday’s Law (b) Kirchhoff’s Law
97. Two electric bulbs (60W and 100W respectively) are connected in (c) Laplace’s Law (d) Joule’s Law
series. The current passing through them is
106. Two wires have resistance of 2 and 4 connected to same voltage,
[AMU (Med.) 2000] ratio of heat dissipated at resistance is
(a) More in 100W bulb (b) More in 60W bulb [UPSEAT 2001]
(c) Same in both (d) None of these (a) 1 : 2 (b) 4 : 3
98. In the circuit shown below, the power developed in the 6 resistor (c) 2 : 1 (d) 5 : 2
is 6 watt. The power in watts developed in the 4 resistor is 107. [AMU (Med.) 2000]
Two electric bulbs rated P1 watt V volts and P2 watt V volts are
(a) 16 6
connected in parallel and V volts are applied to it. The total power
(b) 9 will be [MP PMT 2001; MP PET 2002]

(c) 6 4
 Heating and Chemical Effect of Current 1141

(c) 500 W (d) 250 W

(a) P1  P2 watt (b) P1 P2 watt
118. Two bulbs of 100 W and 200 W working at 220 volt are joined in
P1 P2 P1  P2 series with 220 volt supply. Total power consumed will be
(c) watt (d) watt approximately. [Pb. PET 2003; BHU 2005]
P1  P2 P1 P2
(a) 65 watt (b) 33 watt
108. n identical bulbs, each designed to draw a power p from a certain
voltage supply, are joined in series across that supply. The total (c) 300 watt (d) 100 watt
power which they will draw is 119. How many calories of heat will be produced approximately in a 210
[KCET 2002]
watt electric bulb in 5 minutes [Pb. PET 2004]
(a) 80000 cal (b) 63000 cal
2
(a) p/n (b) p/n
(c) 1050 cal (d) 15000 cal
(c) p (d) np o
120. A 5 C rise in the temperature is observed in a conductor by
109. A wire when connected to 220V mains supply has power dissipation passing some current. When the current is doubled, then rise in
P1 . Now the wire is cut into two equal pieces which are connected temperature will be equal to [BHU 2004]
in parallel to the same supply. Power dissipation in this case is P2 . (a) 5o C (b) 10 o C
Then P2 : P1 is [AIEEE 2002]
(c) 20 o C (d) 40 o C
(a) 1 (b) 4 121. If a 2 kW boiler is used everyday for 1 hour, then electrical energy
(c) 2 (d) 3 consumed by boiler in thirty days is [BHU 2004]
110. An electric bulb marked 40 W and 200 V, is used in a circuit of (a) 15 unit (b) 60 unit
supply voltage 100 V. Now its power is [AIIMS 2002] (c) 120 unit (d) 240 unit
(a) 100W (b) 40W 122. What will happen when a 40 watt, 220 volt lamp and 100 watt, 220
(c) 20W (d) 10W volt lamp are connected in series across 40 volt supply
111. Electric bulb 50 W-100 V glowing at full power are to be used in (a) 100 watt lamp will fuse (b) 40 watt lamp will fuse
parallel with battery 120 V, 10 . Maximum number of bulbs that
can be connected so that they glow in full power is (c) Both lamps will fuse
[CPMT 2002]
(d) Neither lamp will fuse
(a) 2 (b) 8 123. What is the ratio of heat generated in R and 2R
(c) 4 (d) 6 [DCE 2003]
I
112. A bulb has specification of one kilowatt and 250 volts, the resistance (a) 2 : 1
of bulb is [MP PMT 2002] E
(b) 1 : 2 2R R
(a) 125  (b) 62.5 
(c) 4 : 1
(c) 0.25  (d) 625 
(d) 1 : 4
113. If a 30 V, 90 W bulb is to be worked on a 120 V line, a resistance of
how many ohms should be connected in series with the bulb [MP PMT 2002; KCET In
124. an electric heater 4 amp current passes for 1 minute at potential
2003]
difference of 250 volt, the power of heater and energy consumed
(a) 10 ohm (b) 20 ohm
will be respectively [DPMT 2003]
(c) 30 ohm (d) 40 ohm
(a) 1 kW, 60 kJ (b) 0.5 kW, 30 kJ
114. A fuse wire with radius 1 mm blows at 1.5 amp. The radius of the
fuse wire of the same material to blow at 3A will be (c) 10 kW, 600 kJ (d) None of these
[KCET 2003]
125. Some electric bulbs are connected in series across a 220 V supply in
(a) 4 1 / 3 mm (b) 3 1 / 4 mm a room. If one bulb is fused then remaining bulbs are connected
again in series across the same supply. The illumination in the room
(c) 2 1 / 2 mm (d) 3 1 / 2 mm
will [J & K CET 2004]
115. Three electric bulbs of rating 60W each are joined in series and then
connected to electric mains. The power consumed by these three (a) Increase (b) Decrease
bulbs will be (c) Remains the same (d) Not continuous
[MP PET 2003; CBSE PMT 2004]
126. The resistor of resistance 'R' is connected to 25 V supply and heat
(a) 180 W (b) 60 W
produced in it is 25 J/sec. The value of R is
20 [Orissa PMT 2004]
(c) 20 W (d) W
3
(a) 225 (b) 1
116. An electric bulb is rated 60W, 220V. The resistance of its filament is
[MP PET 2003] (c) 25  (d) 50 
(a) 708  (b) 870  127. Three bulbs of 40 W, 60 W, 100 W are arranged in series with 220
(c) 807  (d) 780  volt supply which bulb has minimum resistance
117. A 220 volt, 1000 W bulb is connected across a 110 volt mains supply. [Pb. PET 2000]
The power consumed will be [AIEEE 2003] (a) 100 W (b) 40 W
(a) 1000 W (b) 750 W
 1142 Heating and Chemical Effect of Current
(c) 60 W (d) Equal in all bulbs 137. An electric lamp is marked 60 W, 230 V. The cost of a 1 kWh of
128. If two electric bulbs have 40 W and 60 W rating at 220 V, then the energy is Rs. 1.25. The cost of using this lamp 8 hrs a day for 30 day
ratio of their resistances will be [Pb. PET 2001] is [Kerala (Med.) 2002]
(a) Rs. 10 (b) Rs. 16
(a) 9 : 4 (b) 4 : 3
(c) Rs. 18 (d) Rs. 20
(c) 3 : 8 (d) 3 : 2
138. An electric iron draws 5 amp, a TV set draws 3 amp and
129. A 10 V storage battery of negligible internal resistance is connected
refrigerator draws 2 amp from a 220 volt main line. The three
across a 50  resistor. How much heat energy is produced in the
appliances are connected in parallel. If all the three are operating at
resistor in 1 hour [Pb. PET 2001]
the same time, the fuse used may be of
(a) 7200 J (b) 6200 J
[ISM Dhanbad 1994]
(c) 5200 J (d) 4200 J
(a) 20 amp (b) 5 amp
130. A hot electric iron has a resistance of 80  and is used on a 200 V (c) 15 amp (d) 10 amp
source. The electrical energy spent, if it is used for two hours, will
be [Pb. PET 2002] 139. Match the List I with the List II from the combination shown. In the
left side (List I) there are four different conditions and in the right
(a) 8000 Wh (b) 2000 Wh
side (List II), there are ratios of heat produced in each resistance
(c) 1000 Wh (d) 800 Wh for each condition : [ISM Dhanbad 1994]
131. The heat produced by a 100 watt heater in 2 minute will be equal to List I List II
[BCECE 2004]
(I) Two wires of same resistance are (A) 1 : 2
(a) 12  10 3 J (b) 10  10 3 J connected in series and same current is
passed through them
(c) 6  10 3 J (d) 3  10 3 J
(II) Two wires of resistance R and 2R ohm (B) 4 : 1
132. If two wires having resistance R and 2R. Both joined in series and in
parallel then ratio of heat generated in this situation, applying the are connected in series and same P.D. is
same voltage, [BCECE 2004] applied across them
(a) 2 : 1 (b) 1 : 2 (III) Two wires of same resistance are (C) 1 : 1
(c) 2 : 9 (d) 9 : 2 connected in parallel and same current
is flowing through them
133. Two electric bulbs A and B are rated as 60 W and 100 W. They are
connected in parallel to the same source. Then, (IV) Two wires of resistances in the ratio 1 : (D) 2 : 1
[KCET 2004] 2 are connected in parallel and same
(a) Both draw the same current P.D. is applied across them
(b) A draws more current than B (a) I  B; II  A; III  C; IV  D
(c) B draws more current than A (b) I  C; II  D; III  C; IV  D
(d) Current drawn are in the ratio of their resistances
134. Three identical resistances A, B and C are connected as shown in the (c) I  B; II  D; III  A; IV  C
given figure. The heat produced will be maximum [MP PMT 2004]
(d) I  A; II  B; III  D; IV  C
B 140. The electric current passing through a metallic wire produces heat
A because of [BHU 1994]

C
(a) Collisions of conduction electrons with each other
(b) Collisions of the atoms of the metal with each other
(c) The energy released in the ionization of the atoms of the metal
(a) In B (b) In B and C (d) Collisions of the conduction electrons with the atoms of the
(c) In A (d) Same for A, B and C metallic wires
135. If 2.2kW power is transmitted through a 100 line at 22,000 V , 141. The maximum current that flows through a fuse wire before it
the power loss in the form of heat will be blows out varies with its radius as [SCRA 1998]
[MP PET 2004]
(a) r3 /2 (b) r
(a) 0.1 W (b) 1 W
(c) 10 W (d) 100 W (c) r2/3 (d) r 1 / 2
136. A heater coil connected to a supply of a 220 V is dissipating some 142. What is immaterial for an electric fuse wire [UPSEAT 1999]
power P1 . The coil is cut into half and the two halves are (a) Specific resistance of the wire
connected in parallel. The heater now dissipates a power P2 . The (b) Radius of the wire
ratio of power P1 : P2 is [AFMC 2004] (c) Length of the wire
(a) 2 : 1 (b) 1 : 2 (d) Current flowing through the wire
(c) 1 : 4 (d) 4 : 1 143. The current flowing through a lamp marked as 50 W and 250 V is
 Heating and Chemical Effect of Current 1143

(a) 5 amp (b) 2.5 amp (c) Heat produced in Y will be greater than X
(c) 2 amp (d) 0.2 amp (d) Voltage drop in X will be greater than Y
144. Find the power of the circuit [AIEEE 2002] 152. 3 identical bulbs are connected in series and these together dissipate
a power P. If now the bulbs are connected in parallel, then the
4 4 power dissipated will be [DPMT 2005]

P
(a) (b) 3P
3
2 2
P
(c) 9P (d)
9
153. A coil takes 15 min to boil a certain amount of water, another coil
2V takes 20 min for the same process. Time taken to boil the same
(a) 1.5 W (b) 2 W amount of water when both coil are connected in series
(c) 1 W (d) None of these
(a) 5 min (b) 8.6 min
145. If in the circuit, power dissipation is 150 W, then R is (c) 35 min (d) 30 min
R [AIEEE 2002]

Chemical Effect of Current

2
1. Water can not be made conducting by adding small amount of any
of the following except
(a) Sodium chloride (b) Copper sulphate
15 V
(c) Ammonium chloride (d) Sugar
(a) 2  (b) 6 
(c) 5  (d) 4  2. The electrochemical equivalent Z of any element can be obtained by
multiplying the electrochemical equivalent of hydrogen with
146. Two resistors whose value are in ratio 2 : 1 are connected in parallel
with one cell. Then ratio of power dissipated is (a) Atomic weight (b) Molecular weight
[RPMT 2000]
(c) Chemical equivalent (d) A constant
(a) 2 : 1 (b) 4 : 1
3. A silver and zinc voltameter are connected in series and a current i
(c) 1 : 2 (d) 1 : 1
is passed through them for a time t liberating W gm of zinc. The
147. A heater coil is cut into two equal parts and only one part is now weight of silver deposited is nearly
used in the heater. The heat generated will now be
[AIEEE 2005] [NCERT 1973, 76]

(a) One fourth (b) Halved (a) W (b) 1.7 W

(c) Doubled (d) Four times (c) 2.4 W (d) 3.5 W
148. The resistance of hot tungsten filament is about 10 times the cold 4. To deposit one gm equivalent of an element at an electrode, the
resistance. What will be the resistance of 100 W and 200 V lamp quantity of electricity needed is
when not in use [AIEEE 2005]
[IIT 1984; DPMT 1982; MP PET 1998;
(a) 400  (b) 200  MP PMT 1998; 2003]

(c) 40  (d) 20  (a) One ampere (b) 96000 amperes

(c) 96500 farads (d) 96500 coulombs
149. A 5.0 amp current is setup in an external circuit by a 6.0 volt
storage battery for 6.0 minutes. The chemical energy of the battery 5. In an electrolysis experiment, a current i passes through two
is reduced by [KCET 2005] different cells in series, one containing a solution of CuSO 4 and
(a) 1.08  10 J 4
(b) 1.08  10 volt -4
the other a solution of AgNO3 . The rate of increase of the weight
(c) 1.8  10 J
4
(d) 1.8  10 volt 4
of the cathodes in the two cells will be
150. A railway compartment is lit up by thirteen lamps each taking 2.1 [NCERT 1972]
amp at 15 volts. The heat generated per second in each lamp will be (a) In [Jthe
& K CET 2005]
ratio of the densities of Cu and Ag
(a) 4.35 cal (b) 5.73 cal (b) In the ratio of the at. weights of Cu and Ag
(c) 7.5 cal (d) 2.5 cal (c) In the ratio of half the atomic weight of Cu to the atomic
weight of Ag
151. Two bulbs X and Y having same voltage rating and of power 40 watt (d) In the ratio of half the atomic weight of Cu to half the atomic
and 60 watt respectively are connected in series across a potential
difference of 300 volt, then weight of Ag
[Orissa JEE 2005] 6. To deposit one litre of hydrogen at 22.4 atmosphere from acidulaled
(a) X will glow brighter water, the quantity of electricity that must pass through is
(a) 1 coulomb (b) 22.4 coulomb
(b) Resistance of Y is
greater than X (c) 96500 coulomb (d) 193000 coulomb
40 W(X)

300 V 60 W(Y)
 1144 Heating and Chemical Effect of Current
7. The amount of substance liberated on electrodes during electrolysis (b) One-fourth the previous value
when 1 coulomb of electricity is passed, is (c) Four times the previous value
(a) Chemical equivalent 1
(d) th of the previous value
(b) Electrochemical equivalent 16
(c) Equivalent weight 17. A certain charge liberates 0.8 gm of O 2 . The same charge will
(d) One mol liberate how many gm of silver [MP PET 1999]
8. For goldplating on a copper chain, the substance required in the (a) 108 gm (b) 10.8 gm
form of solution is 108
(c) 0.8 gm (d) gm
(a) Copper sulphate 0 .8
(b) Copper chloride 18. In charging a battery of motor-car, the following effect of electric
current is used [MP PET 1993; AFMC 2003]
(c) Potassium cyanide (a) Magnetic (b) Heating
(d) Potassium aurocyanide (c) Chemical (d) Induction
9. On passing the current in water voltameter, the hydrogen 19. The Avogadro's number is 6  10 23 per gm mole and electronic
(a) Liberated at anode (b) Liberated at cathode charge is 1.6  10 19 C . The Faraday's number is
(c) Does not liberate (d) Remains in the solution [DPMT 2001]
10. In water voltameter, the electrolysis of ...... takes place
6  10 23
[DPMT 1999] (a) 6  10 23  1.6  10 19 (b)
1 .6  10 19
(a) H 2O (b) H 2 SO 4
2 1 .6  10 19
(c) H 2 O and H 2 SO 4 both (d) H 2 and O 2 (c) 19
(d)
6  10 23
 1 .6  10 6  10 23
11. For depositing 1 gm of Cu in copper voltameter on passing 2 20. In CuSO 4 solution when electric current equal to 2.5 faraday is
amperes of current, the time required will be (For copper Z = passed, the gm equivalent deposited on the cathode is
0.00033 gm/C)
(a) 1 (b) 1.5
(a) Approx. 20 minutes (b) Approx. 25 minutes
(c) 2 (d) 2.5
(c) Approx. 30 minutes (d) Approx. 35 minutes
21. The atomic weight of silver and copper are 108 and 64. A silver
12. A battery of e.m.f. 3 volt and internal resistance 1.0 ohm is voltameter and a copper voltameter are connected in series and
connected in series with copper voltameter. The current flowing in when current is passed 10.8 gm of silver is deposited. The mass of
the circuit is 1.5 amperes. The resistance of voltameter will be copper deposited will be
(a) Zero (b) 1.0 ohm (a) 6.4 gm (b) 12.8 gm
(c) 1.5 ohm (d) 2.0 ohm
(c) 3.2 gm (d) 10.8 gm
13. According to Faraday's laws of electrolysis, the amount of
22. Faraday's laws of electrolysis are related to [IIT 1983]
decomposition is proportional to [MP PMT 1993]
(a) The atomic number of positive ion
1
(a) (b) The equivalent weight of electrolyte
Time for which curent passes
(c) The atomic number of negative ion
(b) Electrochemical equivalent of the substance
(d) The velocity of positive ion
1 23. In the process of electrolysis, the current is carried out inside the
(c)
Current electrolyte by [AMU (Engg.) 1999]
(a) Electrons
1
(d) (b) Atoms
Electrochemical equivalent
(c) Positive and negative ions
14. If in a voltaic cell 5 gm of zinc is consumed, then we get how many
(d) All the above
ampere hours ? (Given that E.C.E. of Zn is 3.387  10 7
kg/coulomb) 24. The mass of ions deposited during a given interval of time in the
process of electrolysis depends on [DPMT 2002]
(a) 2.05 (b) 8.2
(a) The current (b) The resistance
(c) 4.1 (d) 5  3.387  10 7
(c) The temperature (d) The electric power
15. The current flowing in a copper voltameter is 1.6 A. The number of
25. The amount of charge required to liberate 9 gm of aluminium
Cu   ions deposited at the cathode per minute are [MP PMT 1994; MP PET 2000]
(atomic weight = 27 and valency = 3) in the process of electrolysis
(a) 1.5  10 20 (b) 3  10 20 is (Faraday's number = 96500 coulombs/gm equivalent)
(c) 6  10 20 (d) 1  10 19 (a) 321660 coulombs (b) 69500 coulombs
16. In a copper voltameter experiment, current is decreased to one- (c) 289500 coulombs (d) 96500 coulombs
fourth of the initial value but it is passed for four times the earlier
duration. Amount of copper deposited will be 26. In an electroplating experiment, m gm of silver is deposited when 4
[MP PMT 1993] ampere of current flows for 2 minute. The amount (in gm) of silver
(a) Same deposited by 6 ampere of current for 40 second will be [MNR 1991; UPSEAT 2000
 Heating and Chemical Effect of Current 1145

Pb. PET 2004; Orissa JEE 2005]

36. If nearly 10 5 coulomb liberate 1 gm equivalent of aluminium, then
(a) 4 m (b) m / 2 the amount of aluminium (equivalent weight 9) deposited through
electrolysis in 20 minutes by a current of 50 amp will be
(c) m/4 (d) 2 m (a) 0.6 gm (b) 0.09 gm
27. In electrolysis, if the duration of the passage of current is doubled, (c) 5.4 gm (d) 10.8 gm
the mass liberated is [EAMCET 1979] 37. Electroplating does not help in [AIIMS 1998]
(a) Doubled (b) Halved
(a) Fine finish to the surface
(c) Increased four times (d) Remains the same
(b) Shining appearance
28. A current of 16 ampere flows through molten NaCl for 10 minute.
The amount of metallic sodium that appears at the negative (c) Metals to become hard
electrode would be [EAMCET 1984] (d) Protect metal against corrosion
(a) 0.23 gm (b) 1.15 gm 38. When a current is passed through water, acidified with a dilute
(c) 2.3 gm (d) 11.5 gm sulphuric acid, the gases formed at the platinum electrodes are
29. The mass of a substance liberated when a charge ‘q’ flows through (a) 1 vol. hydrogen (cathode) and 2 vol. oxygen (anode)
an electrolyte is proportional to [EAMCET 1984] (b) 2 vol. hydrogen (cathode) and 1 vol. oxygen (anode)
(a) q (b) 1 / q (c) 1 vol. hydrogen (cathode) and 1 vol. oxygen (anode)
(d) 1 vol. oxygen (cathode) and 2 vol. hydrogen (anode)
(c) q2 (d) 1 / q 2
39. The negative Zn pole of a Daniel cell, sending a constant current
30. A steady current of 5 amps is maintained for 45 mins. During this through a circuit, decreases in mass by 0.13g in 30 minutes. If the
time it deposits 4.572 gms of zinc at the cathode of a voltameter. electrochemical equivalent of Zn and Cu are 32.5 and 31.5
E.C.E. of zinc is [MP PET 1994]
respectively, the increase in the mass of the positive Cu pole in this
(a) 3.387  10 4 gm / C (b) 3.387  10 4 C / gm time is [AIEEE 2003]
(a) 0.242 g (b) 0.190 g
(c) 3.384  10 3 gm / C (d) 3.394  10 3 C / gm (c) 0.141 g (d) 0.126 g
31. The relation between faraday constant F, electron charge e and 40. When a copper voltameter is connected with a battery of e.m.f. 12
avogadro number N is [MP PET 1995] volts. 2 gms of copper is deposited in 30 minutes. If the same
(a) F  N / e (b) F  Ne voltameter is connected across a 6 volt battery, then the mass of
copper deposited in 45 minutes would be
(c) N  F2 (d) F  N 2e
[SCRA 1994]
32. The electrochemical equivalent of magnesium is 0.126 mg / C . A
(a) 1 gm (b) 1.5 gm
current of 5 A is passed in a suitable solution for 1 hour. The mass
(c) 2 gm (d 2.5 gm
of magnesium deposited will be [MP PMT 1995]
41. The value of current required to deposit 0.972 gm of chromium in 3
(a) 0.0378 gm (b) 0.227 gm
hours if the E.C.E. of chromium is 0.00018 gm per coulomb, is
(c) 0.378 gm (d) 2.27 gm
(a) 1 amp (b) 1.5 amp
33. Two electrolytic cells containing CuSO 4 and AgNO 3 (c) 0.5 amp (d) 2 amp
respectively are connected in series and a current is passed through 42. The current inside a copper voltameter [Roorkee 1992]
them until 1 mg of copper is deposited in the first cell. The amount
of silver deposited in the second cell during this time is (a) Is half the outside value
approximately (b) Is the same as the outside value
[Atomic weights of copper and silver are respectively 63.57 and (c) Is twice the outside value
107.88] [MP PMT 1996]
(a) 1.7 mg (b) 3.4 mg (d) Depends on the concentration of CuSO 4
(c) 5.1 mg (d) 6.8 mg 43. The resistance of a cell does not depend on [RPET 1996]
34. A current I is passed for a time t through a number of voltameters. (a) Current drawn from the cell
If m is the mass of a substance deposited on an electrode and z is
(b) Temperature of electrolyte
its electrochemical equivalent, then
[MP PMT 1997] (c) Concentration of electrolyte
zIt z (d) The e.m.f. of the cell
( a)  constant (b)  constant
m mIt 44. The electrochemical equivalent of a metal is
I It 3.3  10 7 kg / coulomb . The mass of the metal liberated at the
(c)  constant (d)  constant
zmt zm cathode when a 3 A current is passed for 2 seconds will be [
35. For electroplating a spoon, it is placed in the voltameter at 7 7
(a) 19.8  10 kg (b) 9.39  10 kg
[MP PMT/PET 1998]
(a) The position of anode (c) 6.6  10 7 kg (d) 1.1  10 7 kg
(b) The position of cathode 45. Faraday’s 2 law states that mass deposited on the electrode is
nd

(c) Exactly in the middle of anode and the cathode directly proportional to [DCE 1999]
(d) Anywhere in the electrolyte (a) Atomic mass (b) Atomic mass × Velocity
 1146 Heating and Chemical Effect of Current
(c) Atomic mass/Valency (d) Valency electrochemical equivalent of copper is 0.00033 gm/C, then heat
46. The relation between Faraday constant (F), chemical equivalent (E) generated in the coil is
and electrochemical equivalent (Z) is [Pb. PET 2002]
[SCRA 1994; AFMC 2000] (a) 750 J (b) 650 J
Z (c) 350 J (d) 250 J
(a) F  EZ (b) F
E
55. E.C.E. of Cu and Ag are 7  10 6 and 1.2  10 6 . A certain
E E current deposits 14 gm of Cu. Amount of Ag deposited is
(c) F (d) F
Z Z2 [Orissa PMT 2004]
47. The electrochemical equivalent of a material in an electrolyte (a) 1.2 gm (b) 1.6 gm
depends on [MP PET 2001] (c) 2.4 gm (d) 1.8 gm
(a) The nature of the material 56. The chemical equivalent of silver is 108. If the current in a silver
(b) The current through the electrolyte voltameter is 2 Amp., the time required to deposit 27 grams of silver
will be [MP PMT 2004]
(c) The amount of charge passed through electrolyte
(a) 8.57 hrs (b) 6.70 hrs
(d) The amount of material present in electrolyte
(c) 3.35 hrs (d) 12.50 hrs
48. On passing 96500 coulomb of charge through a solution CuSO 4
57. Two voltameters, one of copper and another of silver, are joined in
the amount of copper liberated is [MP PMT 2001]
parallel. When a total charge q flows through the voltameters, equal
(a) 64 gm (b) 32 gm amount of metals are deposited. If the electrochemical equivalents of
(c) 32 kg (d) 64 kg copper and silver are z 1 and z 2 respectively the charge which
49. If 96500 coulombs of electricity liberates one gram equivalent of any flows through the silver voltameter is [
substance, the time taken for a current of 0.15 amperes to deposite
z1 z2
20mg of copper from a solution of copper sulphate is (Chemical (a) q (b) q
equivalent of copper = 32) z2 z1

[Kerala (Engg.) 2002] q q

(c) (d)
(a) 5 min 20 sec (b) 6 min 42 sec z z2
1 1 1
z2 z1
(c) 4 min 40 sec (d) 5 min 50 sec
58. The chemical equivalent of copper and zinc are 32 and 108
50. How much current should be passed through acidified water for 100
respectively. When copper and silver voltameter are connected in
s to liberate 0.224 litre of H 2 [DCE 2002] series and electric current is passed through for sometimes, 1.6 g of
copper is deposited. Then, the mass of silver deposited will be
(a) 22.4 A (b) 19.3 A
(a) 3.5 g (b) 2.8 g
(c) 9.65 A (d) 1 A
(c) 5.4 g (d) None of these
51. Who among the following scientists made the statement –"Chemical
change can produce electricity" [DCE 2004] 59. Ampere hour is the unit of [Orissa JEE 2005]

(a) Galvani (b) Faraday (a) Quantity of charge (b) Potential

(c) Energy (d) Current
(c) Coulomb (d) Thomson
52. If a steady current of 4 amp maintained for 40 minutes, deposits 4.5
Thermo-Electricity
gm of zinc at the cathode and then the electro chemical equivalent
will be [MH CET 2003] 1. The production of e.m.f. by maintaining a difference of temperature
17 6
between the two junctions of two different metals is known as
(a) 51  10 gm / C (b) 28  10 gm / C (a) Joule effect (b) Seebeck effect
(c) Peltier effect (d) Thomson effect
(c) 32  10 5 gm / C (d) 47  10 5 gm / C 2. When a current passes through the junction of two different
metals, evolution or absorption of heat at the junction is known as
53. The current flowing in a copper voltameter is 3.2 A. The number of
(a) Joule effect (b) Seebeck effect
copper ions (Cu 2 ) deposited at the cathode per minute is [Pb. PET 2001]
(c) Peltier effect (d) Thomson effect
(a) 0.5  10 20 (b) 1.5  10 20 3. When a current passes through a wire whose different parts are
maintained at different temperatures, evolution or absorption of
(c) 3  10 20 (d) 6  10 20 heat all along the length of wire is known as
54. A copper voltameter is connected in series with a heater coil of (a) Joule effect (b) Seebeck effect
(c) Peltier effect (d) Thomson effect
resistance 0 .1  . A steady current flows in the circuit for twenty
4. The thermocouple is based on the principle of
minutes and mass of 0.99 g of copper is deposited at the cathode. If [MP PET 1984; AFMC 1998; BCECE 2003]
(a) Seebeck effect (b) Thomson effect
 Heating and Chemical Effect of Current 1147

(c) Peltier effect (d) Joule effect (c) One junction will be hotter than the other
5. For a thermocouple, the neutral temperature is 270C and the (d) None of these
temperature of its cold junction is 20C . If there is no deflection 15. Thermopile is used for
in the galvanometer, the temperature of the hot junction should be [AMU Engg. 2000]
(a) Collecting the heat energy
(a) 210C (b) 540C
(c) 520C (d) 209C (b) The measurement of radiant heat energy
6. Thermocouple is a device for the measurement of (c) The measurement of current
(a) Absolute temperature of a metal (d) The change of atomic energy into heat energy
(b) The temperature difference between two substances 16. When a current of 1 ampere is passed through a conductor whose
(c) The couple acting on a wire ends are maintained at temperature difference of 1C , the amount
(d) Thermal conductivity of a substance of heat evolved or absorbed is called
7. The true statement for thermo e.m.f. of a thermocouple (a) Peltier coefficient (b) Thomson coefficient
(a) Depends on the nature of metals (c) Thermoelectic power (d) Thermo e.m.f.
(b) Depends only on temperature of cold junction 17. In a thermocouple, the temperature that does not depend on the
(c) Depends only on temperature of hot junction temperature of the cold junction is called
(d) Depends on the length of the wires used for thermocouple (a) Neutral temperature (b) Temperature of inversion
8. The direction of current in an iron-copper thermocouple is (c) Both the above (d) None of the above
[MP PET 1995]
 dE 
(a) From copper to iron at the hot junction 18. At neutral temperature, the thermoelectric power   has the
(b) From iron to copper at the hot junction  dT 
value[MP PET 2003; MP PMT 2004]
(c) From copper to iron at cold junction
(d) No current will flow (a) Zero (b) Maximum but negative
9. Peltier coefficient for the junction of a pair of metals is proportional
(c) Maximum but positive (d) Minimum but positive
to [MP PMT 1993; MP PET 1997]
(a) T absolute temperature of the junction 19. In Cu-Fe couple, the flow of current at the temperature of inversion
is
(b) Square of absolute temperature of the junction
(a) From Fe to Cu through the hot junction
1 (b) From Cu to Fe through the hot junction
(c)
Absolutetemperatu re of the junction (c) Maximum
1 (d) None of the above
(d)
Square of absolute temperatu re of the junction 20. In Seebeck series Sb appears before Bi. In a Sb  Bi thermocouple
10. If for a thermocouple Tn is the neutral temperature, Tc is the current flows from [MP PET 1994]
(a) Sb to Bi at the hot junction
temperature of the cold junction and Ti is the temperature of (b) Sb to Bi at the cold junction
inversion, then [MP PET 2001; AIEEE 2002] (c) Bi to Sb at the cold junction
(d) None of the above
(a) Ti  2Tn  Tc (b) Tn  Ti  2Tc
21. Which of the following statement is correct [MP PET 1994]
(c) Ti  Tn  Tc (d) None of these (a) Both Peltier and Joule effects are reversible
11. For a thermocouple, the temperature of inversion is that (b) Both Peltier and Joule effects are irreversible
temperature at which thermo e.m.f. is (c) Joule effect is reversible, whereas Peltier effect is irreversible
(a) Zero (b) Maximum
(d) Joule effect is irreversible, whereas Peltier effect is reversible
(c) Minimum (d) None of the above
22. For a given temperature difference, which of the following pairs will
12. For a given thermocouple, the thermo e.m.f. can be
generate maximum thermo e.m.f. [MP PMT 1994]
(a) Zero (b) Positive
(a) Antimony-bismuth (b) Silver-gold
(c) Negative (d) All of the above
(c) Iron-copper (d) Lead-nickel
13. When current is passed in antimony-bismuth couple, then
23. The cold junction of a thermocouple is maintained at 10C . No
(a) The junction becomes hot when the current is from bismuth to thermo e.m.f. is developed when the hot junction is maintained at
antimony
530C . The neutral temperature is
(b) The junction becomes hot when current flows from antimony
[MP PMT 1994]
to bismuth
(c) Both junctions become hot (a) 260C (b) 270C
(d) Both junctions become cold (c) 265C (d) 520C
14. A thermocouple is made of Cu and Fe. If a battery is connected in it, 24. Which of the following is not reversible
then [Manipal MEE 1995; DPMT 2001]
(a) Both junctions will be at the same temperature (a) Joule effect (b) Peltier effect
(b) Both junctions will become hot
 1148 Heating and Chemical Effect of Current
(c) Seebeck effect (d) Thomson effect 34. For a thermocouple the neutral temperature is 270 o C when its
25. Neutral temperature of a thermocouple is defined as the
cold junction is at 20 o C . What will be the neutral temperature
temperature at which [MP PMT 1996]
and the temperature of inversion when the temperature of cold
(a) The thermo e.m.f. changes sign
junction is increased to 40 o C
(b) The thermo e.m.f. is maximum
[Kerala PET 2001]
(c) The thermo e.m.f. is minimum o o
(a) 290 C, 580 C (b) 270 C, 580 o C
o
(d) The thermo e.m.f. is zero
26. As the temperature of hot junction of a thermo-couple is increased (c) 270 o C, 500 o C (d) 290 o C, 540 o C
(while cold junction is at constant temperature), the thermo e.m.f. 35. Two ends of a conductor are at different temperatures the
(a) Increases uniformly at constant rate electromotive force generated between two ends is
(b) Increases slowly in the beginning and more rapidly at higher [MP PMT 2001; MP PET 2002]
temperatures (a) Seebeck electro motive force (e.m.f.)
(c) Increases more rapidly in the beginning but less rapidly at (b) Peltier electro motive force (e.m.f.)
higher temperatures
(c) Thomson electro motive force (e.m.f.)
(d) In minimum at neutral temperature (d) None of these
27. As the temperature of hot junction increases, the thermo e.m.f. [MP PET 1999]
(a) Always increases 36. The neutral temperature of a thermocouple is 350 o C when the
(b) Always decreases cold junction is at 0 o C. When the cold junction is immersed in a
(c) May increase or decrease bath of 30 o C, the inversion temperature is
(d) Always remains constant
[Kerala (Med.) 2002]
28. The e.m.f. in a thermoelectric circuit with one junction at 0C and o o
(a) 700 C (b) 600 C
the other at tC is given by E  At  Bt 2 . The neutral
temperature is then [AMU 1995; BCECE 2004] (c) 350 C o
(d) 670 o C
A A 37. A thermoelectric refrigerator works on [JIPMER 2002]
(a) (b) 
B 2B (a) Joule effect (b) Seeback effect
B A (c) Peltier effect (d) Thermonic emission
(c)  (d)
2A 2B 38. If the temperature of cold junction of thermocouple is lowered, then
29. The temperature of cold junction and neutral temperature of a the neutral temperature [JIPMER 2002]
thermocouple are 15 o C and 280 o C respectively. The (a) Increases
temperature of inversion is [AMU (Engg.) 1999] (b) Approaches inversion temperature
(a) 295 o C (b) 265 o C (c) Decreases
(c) 545 o C (d) 575 o C (d) Remains the same
30. Above neutral temperature, thermo e.m.f. in a thermocouple 39. Consider the following two statements A and B and identify the
[AMU (Engg.) 1999]
correct choice given in the answers
(a) Decreases with rise in temperature (A) Duddells thermo-galvanometer is suitable to measure direct
current only
(b) Increases with rise in temperature
(c) Remains constant (B) Thermopile can measure temperature differences of the order
(d) Changes sign of 10 3 o C [EAMCET 2003]
31. Consider the following two statements A and B, and identify the (a) Both A and B are true (b) Both A and B are false
correct choice out of given answers
(c) A is true but B is false (d) A is false but B is true
A. Thermo e.m.f. is minimum at neutral temperature of a
thermocouple 40. If E  at  bt 2 , what is the temperature of inversion
B. When two junctions made of two different metallic wires are [DCE 2003]
maintained at different temperatures, an electric current is
generated in the circuit. [EAMCET (Med.) 2000] a a
(a)  (b) 
(a) A is false and B is true (b) A is true and B is false 2b 2b
(c) Both A and B are false (d) Both A and B are true a a
32. The temperature at which thermal electric power of a thermo (c)  (d) 
b b
couple becomes zero is called [MP PMT 2001]
(a) Inversion temperature (b) Neutral temperature 41. Antimony and bismuth are usually used in a thermocouple, because
(c) Junction temperature (d) Null temperature (a) Negative thermal e.m.f. produced
33. Thomson coefficient of a conductor is 10 V/K . The two ends of it (b) Constant thermal e.m.f. produced
(c) Lower thermal e.m.f. produced
are kept at 50 o C and 60 o C respectively. Amount of heat
absorbed by the conductor when a charge of 10C flows through it is (d) Higher thermal e.m.f. produced
[EAMCET 2001]
(a) 1000 J (b) 100 J 42. The smallest temperature difference that can be measured with a
(c) 100 mJ (d) 1 mJ combination of a thermocouple of thermo e.m.f. 30V per degree and a
 Heating and Chemical Effect of Current 1149

galvanometer of 50 ohm resistance, capable of measuring a minimum (b) 60 calorie

current of 3  10 amp is
–7
(c) 100 calorie
[MP PET 2000] (d) 120 calorie
(a) 0.5 degree (b) 1.0 degree 7. The resistance of a heater coil is 110 ohm. A resistance R is
(c) 1.5 degree (d) 2.0 degree connected in parallel with it and the combination is joined in series
1 with a resistance of 11 ohm to a 220 volt main line. The heater
43. e  t   t 2 , If temperature of cold junction is 0 o C then operates with a power of 110 watt. The value of R in ohm is
2
temperature of inversion is (a) 12.22
(if  500.0 V / o C,   5.0 V /Square o C ) [DCE 2001] (b) 24.42
(c) Negative
(a) 100 (b) 200
(d) That the given values are not correct
(c) 300 (d) 400
8. A 500 W heating unit is designed to operate from a 115 volt line. If
44. If the emf of a thermocouple, one junction of which is kept 0° C is
the line voltage drops to 110 volt, the percentage drop in heat output
given by e  at  1 / 2 bt 2 then the neutral temperature will be [J & K CET 2005]
will be [ISM Dhanbad 1994]
(a) a/b (b) – a/b (a) 10.20% (b) 8.1%
(c) a/2b (d) –1/ ab (c) 8.6% (d) 7.6%
9. A heater of 220 V heats a volume of water in 5 minute time. A
heater of 110 V heats the same volume of water in
[AFMC 1993]
(a) 5 minutes (b) 8 minutes
(c) 10 minutes (d) 20 minutes
1. The resistance of the filament of an electric bulb changes with
temperature. If an electric bulb rated 220 volt and 100 watt is 10. An electric kettle takes 4 A current at 220 V. How much time will it
connected (220  .8) volt sources, then the actual power would be take to[CPMT kg of water from room temperature 20C ? The
boil 1 1989]
temperature of boiling water is 100C
(a) 100  0.8 watt
[RPET 1996]
(b) 100  (0.8)2 watt (a) 6.4 minutes (b) 6.3 minutes
(c) 12.6 minutes (d) 12.8 minutes
(c) Between 100  0.8 watt and 100 watt
11. If a wire of resistance 20  is covered with ice and a voltage of 210
(d) Between 100  (0.8)2 watt and 100  0.8 watt
V is applied across the wire, then the rate of melting of ice is
2. An immersion heater is rated 836 watt. It should heat 1 litre of
(a) 0.85 g / s (b) 1.92 g / s
water from 10C to 40C in about [AIEEE 2004]
(a) 200 sec (b) 150 sec (c) 6.56 g / s (d) All of these
(c) 836 sec (d) 418 sec 12. Four identical electrical lamps are labelled 1.5V, 0.5A which describes
3. In the circuit shown in figure, the heat produced in 5 ohm the condition necessary for them to operate at normal brightness. A
resistance is 10 calories per second. The heat produced in 4 12V battery of negligible internal resistance is connected to lamps as
resistance is [IIT 1981; UPSEAT 2002] shown, then
(a) 1 cal / sec 4 6 [UPSEAT 2001]
(b) 2 cal/sec
(c) 3 cal / sec
(d) 4 cal/sec
5
4. A house is served by 220 V supply line in a circuit protected by a 9
ampere fuse. The maximum number of 60 W lamps in parallel that
can be turned on, is
(a) 44 (b) 20 12V R
(c) 22 (d) 33 (a) The value of R for normal brightness of each lamp is (3/4) 
5. Water boils in an electric kettle in 15 minutes after switching on. If (b) The value of R for normal brightness of each lamp is (21/4) 
(c) Total power dissipated in circuit when all lamps are normally
the length of the heating wire is decreased to 2 / 3 of its initial bright is 24W
value, then the same amount of water will boil with the same supply (d) Power dissipated in R is 21W when all lamps are normally
voltage in [MP PMT 1994] bright
(a) 15 minutes (b) 12 minutes 13. A 100 W bulb B , and two 60-W bulbs B and B , are connected to a
1 2 3

(c) 10 minutes (d) 8 minutes 250 V source, as shown in the figure. Now W , W and W are the 1 2 3

6. In the circuit as shown in the figure, the heat produced by 6 ohm output powers of the bulbs B , B and B , respectively. Then
1 2 3
[
resistance due to current flowing in it is 60 calorie per second. The B1 B2
heat generated across 3 ohm resistance per second will be [MP PET 1996]
(a) 30 calorie B3
2 3

250V
6 4
 1150 Heating and Chemical Effect of Current
19. One junction of a certain thermoelectric couple is at a fixed
temperature Tr and the other junction is at temperature T. The
thermo electromotive force for this is expressed by
 1  1
E  K(T  Tr )T0  (T  Tr ) . At temperature T  T0 , the
(a) W1  W2  W3 (b) W1  W2  W3  2  2
thermoelectric power is [MP PMT 1994]
(c) W1  W2  W3 (d) W1  W2  W3
1
(a) KT0 (b) KT0
14. The three resistance of equal value are arranged in the different 2
combinations shown below. Arrange them in increasing order of 1 1
(c) KT02 (d) K(T0  Tr ) 2
power dissipation 2 2
[IIT-JEE (Screening) 2003] 20. The temperature of the cold junction of thermo-couple is 0C and
the temperature of hot junction is TC . The e.m.f. is
E  16T  0.04 T 2  volts. The temperature of inversion is
I. II. i
i (a) 200C (b) 400C
(c) 100C (d) 300C
21. The temperature of the cold junction of a thermocouple is 0 o C
and temperature of the hot junction is T o C. The thermo e.m.f. is
III. IV. 1
given by the relation E  AT  BT 2 (where A = 16 and B =
i i 2
0.08). The temperature of inversion is
(a) 100 o C (b) 300 o C

(c) 400 o C (d) 500 o C

(a) III < II < IV < I (b) II < III < IV < I
(c) I < IV < III < II (d) I < III < II < IV 22. The thermo e.m.f. of a thermo-couple is 25 V / o C at room
temperature. A galvanometer of 40 ohm resistance, capable of
15. Silver and copper voltameter are connected in parallel with a battery
detecting current as low as 10 5 A, is connected with the
of e.m.f. 12 V. In 30 minutes, 1 gm of silver and 1.8 gm of copper are
thermocouple. The smallest temperature difference that can be
liberated. The power supplied by the battery is detected[IITby1975]
this system is [AIEEE 2003]
(a) 24.13 J/sec (b) 2.413 J/sec
(c) 0.2413 J/sec (d) 2413 J/sec (a) 20 o C (b) 16 o C

(Z Cu  6.6  10 4 gm / C and Z Ag  11.2  10 4 gm / C) (c) 12 o C (d) 8 o C

23. An electric bulb rated for 500 watts at 100 volts is used in a circuit
16. A silver voltameter of resistance 2 ohm and a 3 ohm resistor are having a 200-volt supply. The resistance R that must be put in series
connected in series across a cell. If a resistance of 2 ohm is with the bulb, so that the bulb draws 500 W is
connected in parallel with the voltameter, then the rate of deposition (a) 10  (b) 20 
of silver [EAMCET 1983]
(c) 50  (d) 100 
(a) Decreases by 25%
(b) Increases by 25% 24. A thermo couple develops 200  V between 0 o C and 100 o C.
If it develops 64  V and 76  V respectively between
(c) Increases by 37.5%
(d) Decreases by 37.5% (0 C  32 C) and (32 C  70 C) then what will be the thermo
o o o o

17. The expression for thermo e.m.f. in a thermocouple is given by the emf it develops between 70 o C and 100 o C
2 (a) 65  V (b) 60  V
relation E  40   , where  is the temperature difference of
20
two junctions. For this, the neutral temperature will be (c)  V(Engg.) 2000]
55[AMU (d) 50  V
(a) 100C (b) 200C 25. A thermo couple is formed by two metals X and Y metal X comes
(c) 300C (d) 400C earlier to Y in Seebeck series. If temperature of hot junction
increases beyond the temperature of inversion. Then direction of
18. For copper-iron (Cu-Fe) couple, the thermo e.m.f. (temperature of
current in thermocouple will so
cold junction  0C ) is given by E  (14  0.02 2 )V . The
(a) X to Y through cold junction
neutral temperature will be
(a) 350C (b) 350 K (b) X to Y through hot junction
(c) 560C (d) 560 K (c) Y to X through cold junction
 Heating and Chemical Effect of Current 1151

(d) Both (b) and (c) (a) 960 o C (b) 1050 o C

26. Peltier co-efficient of a thermo couple is 2 nano volts. How much
(c) 1275 o C (d) 1545 o C
heat is developed at a junction if 2.5 amp current flows for 2 minute
33. The emf of a thermocouple, one junction of which is kept at 0 o C,
(a) 6 ergs (b) 6  10 7 ergs
is given by e  at  bt 2 the Peltier co-efficient will be
3
(c) 16 ergs (d) 6  10 erg (a) (t  273) (a  2bt) (b) (t  273) (a  2bt)
27. Resistance of a voltameter is 2 , it is connected in series to a (c) (t  273) (a  2bt) (d) (t  273) (a  2bt)
battery of 10 V through a resistance of 3  . In a certain time mass
34. A coil of wire of resistance 50  is embedded in a block of ice. If a
deposited on cathode is 1 gm. Now the voltameter and the 3 
potential difference of 210 V is applied across the coil, the amount of
resistance are connected in parallel with the battery. Increase in the ice melted per second will be
deposited mass on cathode in the same time will be
(a) 4.12 gm (b) 4.12 kg
(a) 0 (b) 1.5 gm (c) 3.68 kg (d) 2.625 gm
(c) 2.5 gm (d) 2 gm 35. The same mass of copper is drawn into two wires 1 mm and 2 mm
28. A current of 1.5 A flows through a copper voltameter. The thickness thick. Two wires are connected in series and current is passed
through them. Heat produced in the wire is in the ratio
of copper deposited on the electrode surface of area 50 cm 2 in 20
(a) 2 : 1 (b) 1 : 16
minutes will be (Density of copper = 9000 kg / m 3 and E.C.E. of
(c) 4 : 1 (d) 16 : 1
copper = 0.00033 g/C)
36. The temperature of hot junction of a thermo-couple changes from
(a) 2.6  10 5 m (b) 2.6  10 4 m 80 o C to 100 o C. The percentage change in thermoelectric
power is
(c) 1.3  10 5 m (d) 1.3  10 4 m
(a) 8% (b) 10%
29. An ammeter, suspected to give inaccurate reading, is connected in
(c) 20% (d) 25%
series with a silver voltameter. The ammeter indicates 0.54 A. A
steady current passed for one hour deposits 2.0124 gm of silver. If 37. A thermo couple uses Bismuth and Tellurium as the dissimilar
the E.C.E. of silver is 1.118  10 3 gmC 1 , then the error in metals. The sensitivity of bismuth is  72  V / o C and that of the
ammeter reading is tellurium is 500  V / o C . If the difference between hot and cold
(a) + 0.04 A (b) + 0.02 A
junction is 100 o C, then the maximum output will be
(c) – 0.03 A (d) – 0.01 A
(a) 50 mV (b) 7.2 mV
30. If 1 A of current is passed through CuSO 4 solution for 10 seconds,
then the number of copper ions deposited at the cathode will be (c) 42.8 mV (d) 57.2 mV
about
38. Three wires of copper, iron and nickel are joined to form three
(a) 1.6  10 19 (b) 3.1  10 19 junctions as shown in Fig. When the temperature of junction 1 is kept
50 o C with the other two junctions at 0 o C , the sensitive
(c) 4.8  10 19 (d) 6.2  10 19
galvanometer gives a deflection of 14 divisions. When the temperature
31. A silver and a copper voltmeters are connected in parallel across a 6 volt
battery of negligible resistance. In half an hour, 1 gm of copper and 2 gm of junction 3 is kept 50 o C, with the other two junctions at 0 o C,
of silver are deposited. The rate at which energy is supplied by the the galvanometer gives a deflection of 11 divisions. Then the deflection
battery will approximately be (Given E.C.E. of copper given by the galvanometer, when temperature of the junction 2 is kept
 3.294  10 4 g / C and E.C.E. of silver  1.118  10 3 g / C) at 50 o C, with the other two junctions at 0 o C, will be

(a) 64 W (b) 32 W
(c) 96 W (d) 16 W (a) 3 div G
Cu Cu
32. A thermocouple of resistance 1 .6  is connected in series with a (b) 11 div
Fe Ni
galvanometer of 8  resistance. The thermocouple develops and (c) 14 div
e.m.f. of 10 V per degree temperature difference between two (d) 25 div 1 2 3
o
junctions. When one junction is kept at 0 C and the other in a 39. The wiring of a house has resistance 6 . A 100 W bulb is glowing.
molten metal, the galvanometer reads 8 millivolt. The temperature If a geyser of 1000 W is switched on, the change in potential drop
of molten metal, when e.m.f. varies linearly with temperature across the bulb is nearly [MNR 1998]
difference, will be
(a) Nil (b) 23 V
 1152 Heating and Chemical Effect of Current
(c) 32 V (d) 12 V
40. A 12 V lead accumulator is being charged using 24 V supply with an
external resistance 2  . The internal resistance of the accumulator
1. In a copper voltameter, mass deposited in 30 second is m gm. If the
is 1  . Find the time in which it will store 360 W-hour energy. time-current graph is as shown in figure, ECE of copper is
(a) 1 hr (b) 7.5 hr (a) m

Current in mA
(c) 10 hr (d) None of these (b) m / 2 200 mA
41. In a Ag voltameter 2.68 gm of silver is deposited in 10 min. The heat (c) 0.1 m
100 mA
developed in 20  resistor during the same period will be (d) 0.6 m
R
2. Which of the following plots may 0 represent
10 the
20 thermal
30 energy
(a) 192 kJ 20 produced in a resistor in a given time as a function of the electric
Seconds
current [MP PMT 1999]
(b) 192 J
(a) a U
(c) 200 J d
(b) b
(d) 132 kJ c
(c) c b
42. The thermo e.m.f. of a thermocouple varies with the temperature  a
(d) d
of the hot junction as E  a  b 2
in volts where the ratio a/b is i
3. Two different metals are joined end to end. One end is kept at
700 o C. If the cold junction is kept at 0 o C, then the neutral constant temperature and the other end is heated to a very high
temperature is [AIEEE 2004]
temperature. The graph depicting the thermo e.m.f. is
(a) (b)
(a) 700 o C E E

(b) 350 o C

(c) 1400 o C
t t
(d) No neutral temperature is possible for this thermocouple (c) E (d) E
43. In the following circuit, 5  resistor develops 45 J/s due to current
flowing through it. The power developed per second across 12 
resistor is [AMU (Engg.) 1999]
t t
i2 9 6
(a) 16 W 4. Which of the following graphs shows the variation of thermoelectric
(b) 192 W power with temperature difference between hot and cold junction in
12 
thermocouples
(c) 36 W i
dE dE
(d) 64 W (a) d  (b) d 
i1 5  with a coil of 1 kW
44. Water of volume 2 litre in a container is heated
at 27 C. The lid of the container is open and energy dissipates at
o

rate of 160 J/s. In how much time temperature will rise from 27 C to o

77 C [Given specific heat of water is 4.2 kJ/kg]

o
[IIT-JEE (Screening) 2005]
 
(a) 8 min 20 s (b) 6 min 2 s (c) dE (d) dE
(c) 7 min (d) 14 min d d

45. For ensuring dissipation of same energy in all three resistors

(R1 , R 2 , R3 ) connected as shown in figure, their values must be
related as ] [AIIMS 2005]  
5. When an electric heater is switched on, the current flowing through
(a) R1  R2  R3 it (i) is plotted against time (t). Taking into account the variation of
R1 resistance with temperature, which of the following best represents
(b) R 2  R3 and R1  4 R 2 the resulting curve
(a) I (b) I
1 R2 R3
(c) R 2  R3 and R1  R2
4 Vin

(d) R1  R2  R3
t t
(c) (d) I
I

t t
 Heating and Chemical Effect of Current 1153

Read the assertion and reason carefully to mark the correct option out of
the options given below :
6. The V-i graphs A and B drawn for two voltameters. Identify each
graph (a) If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct
explanation of the assertion.
I I (b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct
explanation of the assertion.
(c) If assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) If the assertion and reason both are false.
(e) If assertion is false but reason is true.
1.7 V V
1. Assertion : The possibility of an electric bulb fusing is higher at
V the time of switching ON and OFF
(A) (B) Reason : Inductive effects produce a surge at the time of
(a) A for water voltameter and B for Cu voltameter
switch ON and OFF [AIIMS 2003]
(b) A for Cu voltameter and B for water voltameter
2. Assertion : The 200 W bulbs glows with more brightness then
(c) Both A and B represents Cu voltameter 100 W bulbs.
(d) None of these Reason : A 100 W bulb has more resistance than a 200 W
7. A constant current i is passed through a resistor. Taking the bulb.
temperature coefficient of resistance into account, indicate which of 3. Assertion : Fuse wire must have high resistance and low
the plots shown in figure best represents the rate of production of melting point.
thermal energy in the resistor
Reason : Fuse is used for small current flow only.
(a) a dU
d
4. Assertion : Two electric bulbs of 50 and 100 W are given. When
(b) b dt connected in series 50 W bulb glows more but when
c connected parallel 100 W bulb glows more.
(c) c a
b Reason : In series combination, power is directly proportional
(d) d to the resistance of circuit. But in parallel
t combination, power is inversely proportional to the
8. In a copper voltameter, mass deposited in 6 minutes is m gram. If
resistance of the circuit.
the current-time graph for the voltameter is as shown here, then the
5. Assertion : Two bulbs of same wattage, one having a carbon
E.C.E of the copper is
filament and the other having a metallic filament
(a) m / 5 are connected in series. Metallic bulbs will glow
2.0 more brightly than carbon filament bulb.
I ampere

(b) m / 300 Reason : Carbon is a semiconductor.

1.0 6. Assertion : An electric bulb is first connected to a dc source
(c) 5 m
and then to a ac source having the same brightness
(d) m / 18000 in both the cases.
0 2 4 6
Reason : The peak value of voltage for an A.C. source is
9. Battery shown in figure has e.m.f. E andt (min) internal resistance r.
Current in the circuit can be varied by sliding the contact J. If at any 2 times the root mean square voltage.
instant current flowing through the circuit is I, potential difference 7. Assertion : Current is passed through a metallic wire, heating it
between terminals of the cell is V, thermal power generated in the red. When cold water is poured on half of its
cell is equal to  fraction of total electrical power generated in it.; portion, then rest of the half portion become more
then which of the following graph is correct hot.
+ – r Reason : Resistances decreases due to decrease in
temperature and so current through wire increases.
E 8. Assertion : Through the same current flows through the line
wires and the filament of the bulb but heat
produced in the filament is much higher then that
J in line wires.
(a) (b) Reason : The filament of bulbs is made of a material of high
V P resistance and high melting point.
9. Assertion : Neutral temperature of a thermocouple does not
depend upon temperature of cold junction.
Reason : Its value is constant for the given metals of the
couple.
I I 10. Assertion : In practical application, power rating of resistance
(c)  (d) Both (a) and (b) are correct
is not important.
Reason : Property of resistance remain same even at high
temperature.
11. Assertion : Leclanche cell is used, when constant supply of
I electric current is not required.
Reason : The e.m.f. of a Leclanche cell falls, if it is used
continuously.
 1154 Heating and Chemical Effect of Current
12. Assertion : In the given circuit if lamp B or C fuses then light Heating Effect of Current
emitted by lamp A decreases.
A 1 a 2 b 3 c 4 b 5 b
6 c 7 c 8 a 9 b 10 c

V 11 a 12 c 13 c 14 a 15 d
B C 16 d 17 b 18 c 19 c 20 a

Reason : Voltage on A decreases. 21 d 22 a 23 a 24 c 25 d

13. Assertion : If three identical bulbs are connected in series as 26 d 27 c 28 c 29 b 30 b

shown in figure then on closing the switches. Bulb 31 b 32 b 33 a 34 d 35 c
C short circuited and hence illumination of bulbs A
36 b 37 d 38 b 39 a 40 a
and B decreases.
41 a 42 b 43 d 44 d 45 a
A B C
46 c 47 a 48 b 49 a 50 a
51 b 52 c 53 a 54 c 55 c
+
V
– 56 a 57 d 58 b 59 d 60 a
61 d 62 a 63 d 64 b 65 b
Reason : Voltage on A and B decreases 66 d 67 a 68 a 69 a 70 c
14. Assertion : Heat is generated continuously is an electric heater 71 a 72 d 73 a 74 b 75 a
but its temperature becomes constant after some
time. 76 d 77 b 78 b 79 d 80 d
Reason : At the stage when heat produced in heater is equal 81 a 82 d 83 d 84 d 85 a
to the heat dissipated to its surrounding the
temperature of heater becomes constant. 86 a 87 a,d 88 a 89 b 90 a

15. Assertion : Electric appliances with metallic body; e.g. heaters, 91 b 92 a 93 b 94 a 95 b

presses etc, have three pin connections, whereas an 96 a 97 c 98 b 99 c 100 a
electric bulb has a two pin connection. [AIIMS 1996]
101 b 102 c 103 a 104 a 105 d
Reason : Three pin connections reduce heating of connecting
cables. 106 c 107 a 108 b 109 b 110 d
16. Assertion : A laser beam 0.2 W power can drill holes through a 111 c 112 b 113 c 114 a 115 c
metal sheet, whereas 1000 W torch-light cannot.
116 c 117 d 118 a 119 d 120 c
Reason : The frequency of laser light is much higher then
that of torch light. [AIIMS 1996] 121 b 122 d 123 a 124 a 125 a
17. Assertion : A domestic electrical appliance, working on a three 126 c 127 a 128 d 129 a 130 c
pin will continue working even if the top pin is 131 a 132 c 133 c 134 c 135 b
removed. [AIIMS 1995]
136 c 137 c 138 c 139 b 140 d
Reason : The third pin is used only as a safety device.
141 a 142 c 143 d 144 c 145 b
18. Assertion : In all conductors, for studying the thermoelectric
behaviour or metals, lead is taken as a reference 146 c 147 c 148 c 149 a 150 c
metal.
151 a 152 c 153 c
Reason : In lead, the Thomson effect is negative.
19. Assertion : The presence of water molecules makes separation
of ions easier in electrolyte. Chemical Effect of Current
Reason : The presence of water molecules in electrolyte
decreases the resistance of electrolyte. 1 d 2 c 3 d 4 d 5 c
20. Assertion : Thermocouple acts as a heat engine. 6 d 7 b 8 d 9 b 10 a
Reason : When two junctions of thermocouple are at
different temperature, thermo e.m.f. is produced. 11 b 12 b 13 b 14 c 15 b
21. Assertion : When temperature of cold junction of a 16 a 17 b 18 c 19 a 20 d
thermocouple is lowered, the value of neutral
temperature of this thermocouple is raised. 21 c 22 b 23 c 24 a 25 d
Reason : When the difference of temperature of two junction 26 b 27 a 28 c 29 a 30 a
is raised, more thermo e.m.f. is produced.
31 b 32 d 33 b 34 a 35 b
36 c 37 c 38 b 39 d 40 b
41 c 42 b 43 d 44 a 45 c
46 c 47 a 48 b 49 b 50 b
51 a 52 d 53 d 54 a 55 c
 Heating and Chemical Effect of Current 1155

56 c 57 d 58 c 59 a 1 P R 200 R2
2. (b) P  1  2    R2  2 R1
R P2 R1 100 R1
Thermo-Electricity V2 V12 (200)2
3. (c) P  R1    1000
R P1 40
1 b 2 c 3 d 4 a 5 c
V22 (200)2
6 b 7 a 8 a 9 a 10 a and R2    400
P2 100
11 a 12 d 13 b 14 c 15 b
4. (b) When two bulbs are connected in series, the current will be
16 b 17 a 18 a 19 a 20 b same in both the bulbs. As a result potential drop will be more
21 d 22 a 23 b 24 a 25 b
in the bulb of higher resistance i.e., bulb of lower wattage.
5. (b) When 1 bulb fuses, the total resistance of the circuit decreases
26 c 27 c 28 d 29 c 30 a
hence the current increases. Since P  i2 R , therefore
31 a 32 b 33 d 34 c 35 c illumination increases.
36 d 37 c 38 d 39 d 40 a 6. (c)

41 d 42 a 43 b 44 b
P1 R 2
7. (c) We know that  2 
P2 R1 1

Critical Thinking Questions V2 1 1 P l 2

8. (a) P  P  and R  l P   1  1 
R R l P2 l2 1
1 d 2 b 3 b 4 d 5 c
9. (b) R  Temperature and R  1
6 d 7 a 8 c 9 d 10 b conductor semiconductor

Temperatur e
11 c 12 b 13 d 14 a 15 a 10. (c)
16 d 17 d 18 a 19 a 20 b 11. (a) In series, current is same in both the bulbs, hence
P R 1
21 c 22 b 23 b 24 b 25 d P  R (P  i2 R)  1  1 
P2 R 2 2
26 a 27 b 28 c 29 a 30 b
31 d 32 a 33 a 34 d 35 d V2 1
12. (c) In this case, P  or P  and R will be minimum,
R R
36 d 37 d 38 d 39 b 40 b when divided four parts are joints in parallel to the battery.
41 a 42 d 43 b 44 a 45 c 13. (c) Length is immaterial for an electric fuse wire.
1 1
14. (a) PRated  and R 
Graphical Questions R (Thickness of filament) 2
So PRated  (Thickness of filament) 2
1 b 2 d 3 d 4 a 5 b
P P
6 a 7 d 8 b 9 d 15. (d) In series PS   10   P  30 W
n 3
In parallel PP  nP = 3  30 = 90 W
Assertion and Reason
W att hour
16. (d) Energy consumed in kW h 
1 a 2 a 3 c 4 a 5 d 1000
6 e 7 a 8 a 9 b 10 d 10  50  10
 For 30 days, P   30  150kW h
1000
11 a 12 a 13 d 14 a 15 c
W
16 c 17 a 18 c 19 b 20 b 17. (b) W  qV also P  i  V 
t
21 d 18. (c) Because given voltage is very high,
19. (c) Pp  nP  2  40  80 W
20. (a) In series, P  R( i is same), i.e. in series Fine wire (high R)
liberates more energy.
1
In parallel, P  (V is same) i.e. thick wire (less R) liberates
R
more energy.
Heating Effect of Current V2 220  220
21. (d) Resistance of the bulb =   484 
PRatate 100
1. (a) 1 kWh = 1000 W  3600 sec = 36  10 W-sec (or J)
5
 1156 Heating and Chemical Effect of Current
When connected with 110 V, the power consumed
V 2 110  110
PConsumed    25W
R 484
22. (a) The resistance of 25 W bulb is greater than 100 W bulb. So for
the same current, heat produced will be more in 25 W bulb. So
it will glow more brightly.
23. (a) Equivalent resistance in the second case  R1  R2  R

1
Now, we know that P 
R
Since in the second case the resistance (R1  R 2 ) is higher
than that in the first case (R ). 1

Therefore power dissipation in the second case will be

decreased.
1
24. (c) For constant voltage, we know that P 
R
So higher the power, lower will be the resistance.
V2 l V2 AV 2
25. (d) P but R  P  . Since
R A l / A l
2
AV 1
is constant as per given conditions So P  .
l 
26. (d) Power consumed means heat produced.
1
For constant potential difference Pconsumed  Heat 
Req
H1 R R/2 1
  2  
H2 R1 2R 4
R. R R
(Since R 2   and R1  R  R  2 R)
RR 2
 Heating and Chemical Effect of Current 1159

27. (c) Resistance of carbon filament decreases with 41. (a) Since P  VI  I 
P 250000
  25 A
V 10000
temperature while that of tungsten increases with
42. (b) Power lost in cable  10  (25)2  6250 W  6.25 kW
temperature

In series PConsumed  R i.e. tungsten bulb will glow 43. (d) Heat generated in both the cases will be same

more brightly because the capacitor has the same energy initially
1 1
28. (c) Power of the combination Ps 
P 1000
  500 W  CV 2   200  10 6  (200)2  4 J
n 2 2 2

29. (b) For parallel combination 44. (d) The bulbs are connected in parallel, hence each bulb
PConsumed  Brightness PRated 48 V2
consumes  24 W . Therefore  24
220  220 2 R
30. (b) Resistance of 25 W bulb   1936 
25 66
 R  1.5 
220 24
Its safe current   0 .11 amp.
1936 45. (a)
220  220 46. (c) The bulbs are in series, hence they will have the
Resistance of 100 W bulb   484 
100
same current through them.
220
Its safe current   0.48 amp.
484 47. (a) When resistance is connected in series, brightness of

When connected in series to 440 V supply, then the bulb decreases because voltage across the bulb
440 decreases.
current I   0 .18 amp.
(1936  484) V2 200  200
48. (b) R   R1   400  and
Thus current is greater for 25 W bulb, so it will fuse. P 100
P 2 i 100  100
31. (b) P  i2 R   (R  Constant) R2   50 . Maximum current rating
P t 200
P
 % change in power  2  % change in current i
V
= 2  1  2% 100 200 i 1
So i1  and i2   1  .
 E2  200 100 i2 4
32. (b) Pmax  n    2  2  2   2 W
4 r   4 1  R1 P2 100 5 5
  49. (a)    . Resistance of 40 W bulb is
R2 P1 40 2 2
1 H1 R 2 l A l r2
33. (a) H  (If V = constant)    2 1  2 12 times than 100 W. In series, P  i2 R and in parallel,
R H2 R1 l1 A2 l1r2
V2
 H 2  2H1 P . So 40 W in series and 100 W in parallel will
R
H V2 H 1 glow brighter.
34. (d)   
t R t R
V2 P R (R1  R2 ) (R  R2 )2
q q2R 50. (a) P   P  S   1
35. (c) H  i Rt and i  . Hence H 
2
;  H  q2 R PS RP R1 R2 /(R1  R2 ) R1 R2
t t
1100  4 100 (R1  R2 )2 R 1
36. (b) E   4 .4 kW h    1 
1000 25 R1 R2 R2 1

37. (d) After some time, thermal equilibrium will reach. 51. (b) Total power P  (800  3  100)

V2 1 Also P  Vi  1100  220  i  i  5 A

38. (b) At constant p.d., heat produced  i.e . H 
R R 1
52. (c) Because R 
P
39. (a) Power  3.75  200 W  750 W  1 H.P.
53. (a) An ideal cell has zero resistance.
V2 V 2 220  220
40. (a) P  R   484 
P2R 1
R P 100 54. (c) Power loss in transmission PL  2
 PL  2
V V
 1160 Heating and Chemical Effect of Current

V 2t H V2 If power of electricity is P and it is transmitted at

55. (c) H  or 
4 .2 R t 4 .2 R P
voltage V, then P  Vi  i 
20  20 5 V
 800   R  0.119  0 .12 
4.2  R 42 P
2
P2R 2 .2  10 3  2 .2  10 3  10
PL    R  2   0 .1W
V 2t 1 H R V V 22000  22000
56. (a) Heat produced H  H Hence 1  2
4 .2 R R H2 R1 69. (a) P  i2 R (i and R are same)

57. (d)
H
 i2 R . Here total R  (21  4 )  25  So P will be same for given resistors.
t
70. (c) Since H  i2 , so on doubling the current, the heat
 Rate of energy consumed  0.2  0.2  25  1 J / s
produced and hence the rise in temperature becomes
58. (b) When the heating coil is cut into two equal parts and four times.
these parts are joined in parallel, the resistance of
71. (a) Watt-hour meter measures electric energy.
coil is reduced to one fourth, so power consumed will
60  8
become 4 times i.e. 400 Js–1. 72. (d) Total energy consumed   0 .48 kW H
1000
59. (d) The resistance of 40 W bulb will be more and 60 W So cost  0.48  1.25  0.6 Rs.
bulb will be less. P 40
73. (a) PS    10 W .
1 n 4
60. (a) In series PConsumed  Brightness
PRated 74. (b) As temperature increases resistance of filament also
61. (d) E = P × t  1000 W  30 sec  3  10 J 4
increases.
2 120
(220) 75. (a) Current through the combination i  8 A
62. (a) Resistance R1 of 500 W bulb 
500 (6  9)
(220)2 So, power consumed by 6  resistance
Resistance R 2 of 200 W bulb 
200
P  (8)2  6  384 W
When joined in parallel, the potential difference
across both the bulbs will be same. V 2 (225)2
76. (d) P    1012.5  1000 W
R 50
V 2 / R1 R2 5
Ratio of heat produced   
V 2 / R2 R1 2 P 100
77. (b) P  Vi  i    0.5 A
V 200
When joined in series, the same current will flow
H 80
through both the bulbs. 78. (b) H  i2 Rt  R    2
i2 t 4  10
i2 R1 R 2
Ratio of heat produced   1  79. (d) Heat produced = Energy stored in capacitor
i2 R 2 R 2 5
1 1
63. (d) Charge q  it  0.5 A  3600 sec  1800 culoumb  CV 2   4  10 6  (400)2  0.32 J
2 2
V 2 t 120  120  (10  60)
64. (b) H  i2 Rt    14.4  10 5 joule V 2 (110)2 12100
R 6 80. (d) P     1210 W
R 10 10
1
65. (b) In parallel Pconsumed  Brightness 2
R V  (160)2
81. (a) Pconsumed   A   PR   100  64 W
PA  PB (given)  R A  RB  VR  (200)2

l 1 A d2 82. (d) For maximum power r = R

66. (d) R   and P   P   P   PA  2 PB
A R l l
83. (d) P  i2 R  22.5  (15)2  R  R  0.10 
67. (a) tS  t1  t2  30  30  60 minutes
2
l1 l R l A l  r2 
68. (a) For power transmission power loss in line PL  i2 R 84. (d) R1   and R2   2  1  1 . 2  1  
r 
A1 A2 R2 l2 A1 l2  1 
 Heating and Chemical Effect of Current 1161

l1 1 r 2 r 1 R 1 2 2
Given  and 1  or 2   1  P V  V 
101. (b) P  V 2    P   P0
P0  V0  V 
l2 2 r2 1 r1 2 R2 8
  0 
H1 V2 / R R 8
 Ratio of heats  2 1  2  V2 1
H 2 V / R2 R1 1 102. (c) P  R
R P
85. (a) P  Vi  250  2  500 W So resistance of the 100W bulb will be minimum

V2 (200)2 4  10 4 103. (a) In parallel

1

1

1 t t
 tp  1 2
86. (a) P   100   R  400 
R R 10 2 t p t1 t 2 t1  t 2

V 100 1 5  10 50
Now, i    amp    3.33 min  3 min. 20 sec
R 400 4 5  10 15

87. (a, d) R steel  2 R Al . In series H  R (i is Same) 104. (a) For maximum joule heat produced in resistor external
resistance = Internal resistance.
1
So, H will be more in steel wire . In parallel H 
R 105. (d)
(V is Same), so H will be more in aluminium wire.
V2 H R 4 2
106. (c) H  t  1  2  
H i l
2
R H2 R1 2 1
88. (a) H  i 2 Rt   i2 R 
t  r2
107. (a) If resistances of bulbs are R1 and R 2 respectively
89. (b) 1 1 1
then in parallel   
R P R1 R2
V2 H R R 1
90. (a) H  .t  1  2   1 1 1
R H 2 R1 2 R 2  
V 2  V 2   V2 
     
91. (b)  Pp  P  P 
   1   2 

92. (a) In parallel PConsumed  PRated  PP  P1  P2

93. (b) 108. (b)

109. (b) When wire is cut into two equal parts then power
V2 V 2 (220) 2
94. (a) P  R   1210 
R P 40 dissipated by each part is 2P1

P 60 3 So their parallel combination will dissipate power

95. (b) P  Vi  i    amp
V 220 11 P2  2 P1  2 P1  4 P1
1
96. (a) In series, PConsumed   V Applied P2
PRated Which gives 4
P1
i.e. more voltage appears on smaller wattage bulb, so
V2 P V2
110. (d) P   2  22 ( R is constant)
25 W bulb will fuse R P1 V1
97. (c) Because in series current is same. P2  100  1 P
2
40
     P2  1   10 W
V2 P R 6 4 2 P1  200  4 4 4
98. (b) P   1  2     P2  9 W
R P2 R1 P2 6 3 111. (c) When each bulb is glowing at full power,
H V 2
1 l l  2
50 1
99. (c) P P also R   Current from each bulb  i'   A
t R R A A.l 100 2

l2 1
 R  R  l 2 (for same mass)
m
2
P l2 4
So A  B2   PA  20 W
PB lA 1 n
i
V2 R1 P2 60 3 100 V
100. (a) P     
R R2 P1 40 2
120 V, 10 
 1162 Heating and Chemical Effect of Current

P 40 2
122. (d) Bulb (I) : Rated current I1    amp.
V 220 11

V 2 (220)2
n Resistance R1    1210 
So main current i  A P 40
2
100 5
n Bulb (II) : Rated current I2   amp
Also E  V  ir  120  100     10  n  4 220 11
2
(220)2
V 2 (250) 2 Resistance R2   484 
112. (b) R    62.5  100
P 10 3
When both are connected in series across 40 V
113. (c) Suppose resistance R is corrected in series with bulb.
90
supply
Current through the bulb i  3A
30 R1 R2
R i 30V, 90W

90 V 30 V

40 V
120 V

Total current through supply

Hence for resistance V  iR  I
40

40

40
 0 .03 A
P1  P2 1210  484 1254
90  3  R  R  30 
3/2 This current is less than the rated current of each
r2  i2 
2/3
 3 
114. (a) i  r 3 / 2       (4 )1 / 3
r1  i1   1.5  bulb. So neither bulb will fuse.

 r2  (4 )1 / 3  r1  4 1 / 3 ( r1 = 1 mm) Short Trick : Since VApplied < VRated, neither bulb will fuse.

P 60 123. (a) Both R and 2R in parallel ( V – constant)

115. (c) In series P     20 watts
n 3
V2 P R H R 2
V 2 (220) 2 So using P   1  2  1  2 
116. (c) R    807  R P2 R1 H2 R1 1
P 60
2 124. (a) Power P  Vi t  250  4  1000 W  1kW
P1  V1  2
1000  220 
117. (d)        4  P2  250 W
P2  V2 
 P2  110  Energy = P  t = 1 kW  60 sec = 60 kJ

P1 P2 100  200 200 V2

118. (a) PS     65 watt 125. (a) P   P
1
(V - constant)
P1  P2 100  200 3 R R
V 2t P t 210  5  60  When one bulb will fuse out resistance of the
119. (d) H  Calories    15000 cal
RJ J 4.2
series combination will be reduced.
120. (c) Using conservation of energy
1
Hence from PConsumed  illumination will increase.
Supplied electric energy = absorbed heat energy R

 i2 Rt  mST V2 V 2 25  25
126. (c) P   R   25 
R P 25
 T  i2 (T - change in temperature)
2
VRated 1
i.e. when i is doubled T will be four times i.e. 127. (a) PRated   R (V - constant)
R PRated
5  4  20 o C
So bulb of high power will have less resistance.
121. (b) Energy  P  t = 2  1  30 = 60 kWH = 60 unit
 Heating and Chemical Effect of Current 1163

128. (d) PRated 

1 R P
 1  2 
60 3
 144. (c) In steady state the branch containing capacitors, can
R R2 P1 40 2
be neglected. So reduced circuit is as follows
V2 10  10 2 2
129. (a) Energy  t   3600  7200 J
R 50
V2 200  200  2
130. (c) Energy t  1000 W h
R 80
131. (a) Energy  P  t  100  2  60  12000 J  12  10 3 J 2V

V 2t 1
132. (c) Heat H   H (If V, t constant)
R R
V 2 (2)2
Power P    1W .
 R  2R  R 4
 
HS RP  3 R  2
    V2 (15)2 225  (R  2)
HP RS (R  2 R ) 9 145. (b) P   150  
Req [2 R/(R  2)] 2R
1 1
133. (c) i  and P   i  P i.e. in parallel bulb of 450
R R  R  6 .
75
higher power will draw more current.
V2 P R 1
134. (c) Resistance of A is greater than the resistance of 146. (c) P   1  2  .
R P2 R1 2
combination of B and C, hence voltage drop across A
V 2t H Half  R Full 
147. (c) H     R 2
V 2t H Full  R Half  R/2
will be greater than that across B or C. Also H  R 
R
 H Half  2  H Full .
 H  V 2 so H A  (H B  H C ) (R = constant)
148. (c) It is given R Hot  10 R Cold also resistance at rated
2 .2  10 3 1
135. (b) P  Vi  i   A
V 2 200  200
22000 10 temperature R    400  .
2 P 100
 1 
Now loss of power  i2 R     100 = 1 W So resistance when lamp not in use.
 10 
RHot 400
V2 RCold    40 
136. (c) P  . If resistance of heater coil is R, then 10 10
R
149. (a) The chemical energy reduced in battery
resistance of parallel combination of two halves will
R  VIt  6  5  6  60 J  10800 J  1.08  10 4 J
be
4 150. (c) The heat generated = IVt  2.1  15  1  31.5 J
P R R/4 1
So 1  2    31.5 / 4.2 cal  7.5 cal. [1 cal  4.2 J ]
P2 R1 R 4
1
60  8  30 151. (a) Resistance  . Thus, 40 W bulb has a high
137. (c) Total kWh consumed   14.4 power
1000
resistance. Because of which there will be more
Hence cost  14.4  1.25  18 Rs potential drop across 40 W bulb. Thus 40 W bulb will
138. (c) Current capacity of a fuse wire should be slightly glow brighter.
greater then the total rated load current. V2 V2
152. (c) When bulbs are connected in series, P  
R 3 R
139. (b)
When bulbs are connected in parallel,
140. (d) Colliding electrons lose their kinetic energy as heat.
V2 V2 3
P    3  3 P  9 P.
141. (a) It is called safe current and is proportional to r 3/2
. R  R

142. (c) 153. (c) Time tS  t1  t2  35 min .

P 50
143. (d) i    0 .2 amp.
V 250 Chemical Effect of Current
 1164 Heating and Chemical Effect of Current

20. (d) Since 1 faraday deposits 1 gm equivalent.

1. (d) As sugar cannot be decomposed into ions and ions 21. (c) Equivalent weight of copper 
64
 32
are responsible for conduction. 2
Equivalentweight of Cu Weight of Cu deposited
Z1 E E  
2. (c)   1  Z 2   2  . Z1 Equivalentweight of Ag Weight of Ag deposited
Z 2 E2  E1 
10.8  32
E 
Weight of copper deposited   3 .2 gm
m Zn E
3. (d)  Zn  m Ag  W  Ag  = 3.3 W = 3.5 W 108

m Ag E Ag  EZn  22. (b)
4. (d) 96500 coulombs of charge is needed to deposit one 23. (c)
gram equivalent of an element at an electrode.
24. (a) m  q  m  i t
1
(Atomic weight)Cu 27
5. (c) As
m Cu E
 Cu  2 25. (d) Equivalent weight of aluminium  9
m Ag E Ag (Atomic weight)Ag 3

22.4  1 So 1 faraday = 96500 C are required to liberate 9 gm

6. (d) V2   22.4 litre at NTP
1 of Al.
 11.2 litre of H2 is liberated by 96,500 C 26. (b) By Faraday's law, m  i t.
 22.4 litre of H2 is liberated by 96500  2 = 1,93,000 C m1 it m 4  120 m
  11    m2 
7. (b) From m = ZQ; if Q = 1C  m = Z m 2 i2 t2 m2 6  40 2

8. (d) 27. (a) m  i t

9. (b) Because H has positive charge. 28. (c) Amount of metallic sodium appears

10. (a) Because H2O is used as electrolyte.  A 

m  Zi t   it
 VF 
11. (b) m  Zi t  1  0.00033  2  t
 23 
1 100000    16  10  60 =2.3 gm
 t min   25 min  1  96500 
0.00066  60 3960
29. (a)
12. (b) 3  1.5 (1  r)  r = 1
m 4.572
13. (b) 30. (a) m  Zi t  Z    3.387  10  4 gm / C
it 5  45  60
5  10 3 31. (b) Faraday constant = 1 mole electron charge = Ne
14. (c) m  Zi t  Zq ; q  amp - sec
3 .387  10 7
 6.02  10 23  1.6  10 19  96500
5  10 3
or q  amp - hr  4.1
3.387  10 7  3600 32. (d) m  Zi t  0.126  10 3  5  3600  2.27 gm

15. (b) Charge Q = I t = 1.6  60 = 96 C 33. (b)

m1 E
 1 (By faraday law for same current and time)
m 2 E2
Let n be the number of Cu 2 ions, then
Q 96 Where E1 and E2 are the chemical equivalents and
ne  Q  n    3  10 20
e 2  1.6  10 19 m1 and m2 are the masses of copper and silver
16. (a) In the first case, Zi t  m respectively.
Atomic weight 63.57
In the second case, Z 
i
 4t  m E . E1   31.79 and
4 Valency 2
107.88
Mass of O2 ions Chemical equivalent of O2 E2   107.88
17. (b)  1
Mass of Ag ions Chemical equivalent of Ag
1 mg 31.79 107.88
0 .8 8    m2  mg  3.4 mg
   m  10.8 gm m2 107.88 31.79
m 108
m
18. (c) 34. (a) m  Zi t   1 (constant)
Zi t
19. (a) F  Ne  6  10 23  1.6  10 19
 Heating and Chemical Effect of Current 1165

35. (b) Positive ions get deposited on cathode. Q 2  965

So current i    19.3 amp
t 100
36. (c) m  Zi t or m  i t
51. (a)
m it 9 10 5
 1  11    m 2  5.4 gm 52. (d) m  Zi t  Z 
m

4 .5
 47  10 5 g / C
m 2 i2 t2 m 2 50  20  60 i t 4  40  60
37. (c) Electroplating only provides a thin deposition of a
53. (d) Charge supplied per minute = 3.2  60 = 192 C
metal on the surface which in no way can give
Charge 2e liberates one Cu+2 ion
hardness to the metal.
No of Cu+2 ion liberate by 192 C
38. (b)
192 192
m Z    6  10 20
39. (d) m  Zi t  Cu  Cu 2e 2  1.6  10 19
m Zn Z Zn
m 0.99
54. (a) m = Z i t  i    2.5 A
m Cu  m Zn
ZCu
 0 .13 
31.5
 0 .126 g Zt 0.00033  1200
Z Zn 32.5
Hence heat generated in the coil is
ZVt m Vt
40. (b) m  Zi t  m   m  Vt  1  1 1 H  i2 Rt  (2.5)2  0.1  1200 = 750 J
R m 2 V2 t2
m1 Z m Z 14  1 .2  10 6
2 12  30 55. (c)  1  m2  1 2  = 2.4 g
   m 2  1.5 gm m 2 Z2 Z1 7  10 6
m2 6  45
m mF  E
m 0.972 56. (c) m = Zi t  t    Z  
41. (c) i    0.5 A Zi Ei  F 
Zt 0.00018  3  3600
27  96500 12062.5
42. (b) The current through the voltameter is same as drawn t  12062.5 sec  hr  3 .35 hr
108  2 3600
from the battery outside it. 1 z q
57. (d) m  zq  z   1  2 ......(i)
43. (d) The resistance of the cell is independent of e.m.f. q z2 q1
44. (a) m  Zi t  3.3  10 7  3  2  19.8  10 7 kg q q
also q  q1  q 2   1 1
q2 q2
45. (c) m  zq , z = atomic mass / valence
q
46. (c)  q2  ......(ii)
q
1 1
47. (a) q2
48. (b) 1 faraday (96500C) is the electricity which liberated q
From equation (i) and (ii) q 2 
that amount of substance which is equal to equivalent z
1 2
63 . 5 z1
wt. So liberated amount of Cu is
2 58. (c) From Faraday’s law, m/E = constant
 31.25 gm  32 gm
where m = mass of substance deposited, E =
3  32  chemical equivalent.
49. (b) m  Z i t  20  10    0 .15  t
 96500 
m 2 E2 108
   m2   1.6  5.4 g
 6.7 min  6 min.42 sec m1 E1 32

50. (b) 22.4 litre H2 = 1 mole H2 = N molecules of H2 59. (a) q  it  current  time
= 2N atom of H
Thermo-Electricity
So charge required to liberate 22.4 litre of H2 = 2Ne =
2F 1. (b) Production of e.m.f. by temperature difference is
Hence charge required to liberate 0.224 litre of H2 known Seeback effect.
2F 2F 2. (c) Production of heat at junctions due to current is
  0 .224   2  965 C
22.4 100
known as Peltier effect.
 1166 Heating and Chemical Effect of Current

3. (d) 28. (d) At neutral temperature E is maximum so

4. (a) dE
0
d
( At  Bt 2 )  0  A  2 Bt  0  t 
A
dt dt 2B
5. (c) When there is no deflection, then this temperature is
t1  tc t  15
called inversion temperature. It is given by the 29. (c) tn   280  i  ti  545 o C
2 2
relation
30. (a)
i  c
n  31. (a) A is false because at neutral temperature thermo emf
2
is maximum. B is true.
Where  c is temperature of cold junction  20 o C
dE
and neutral temperature  n  270 o C 32. (b) Thermo-electric power P  ; at tn, E  maximum.
d
 i  2n   c  540  20  520o C So P  zero.
6. (b) 33. (d) By using H  Q
7. (a) Thermo e.m.f. of a thermo couple depends on the  H  (10  10 6 )  10  (60  50)  10 3 J  1 mJ
nature of metals. 34. (c) No change in neutral temperature but temperature of
8. (a) inversion is ti  2tn  tc  ti  2  270  40  500 o C
9. (a) According to the definition. 35. (c)
Ti  TC 36. (d) ti  2tn  tc  ti  2  350  30  670 o C
10. (a) Tn   Ti  2Tn  TC
2
37. (c)
11. (a)
38. (d) Neutral temperature is independent of temperature of
12. (d) cold junction.
13. (b) Based on Peltier effect. 39. (d)
14. (c) Peltier effect 40. (a) E  at  bt 2 at inversion temperature E will be
15. (b) Thermopile is used for detection of heat radiation and minimum
measurement. Thus
dE
0 
d
[at  bt 2 ]  0
dt dt
16. (b) H  i t  If i = 1 A,  = 1°C, t = 1sec then H = .
a
 a  2bt  0  t  
17. (a) According to Seebeck effect 2b
dE 41. (d)
18. (a) At neutral temperature, 0
(30  10 6 )  
dT
e
19. (a) According to Seebeck effect.
42. (a) i   3  10 7     0 .5 
R 50
20. (b)   500 
43. (b) tn     100 C
21. (d)   5 
ti  tc t 0
22. (a) As a rule, more the metals are separated from each Also t n   100  i  ti  200 C
2 2
other in the thermoelectric series, the greater will be the
44. (b) At neutral temperature, thermal emf will be maximum.
thermo emf.
de
  a  bt
T T 10  530 dt
23. (b) Tn  i c   270 o C
2 2 For maximum or minima, a  btn  0
24. (a) Joule effect is not reversible.
 tn  a / b
25. (b)
Critical Thinking Questions
26. (c)
27. (c) The graph between thermo emf and temperature of (220)2 (220  0 .8 )2
1. (d) P1  and P2 
hot junction is parabolic in shape. R1 R2
 Heating and Chemical Effect of Current 1167

P2 (220  0 .8 )2 R1 P R Now l 2 
2 l
l1  1 
3
   2  (0 .8 )2  1 Here R2 <
P1 (220)2 R2 P1 R2 3 l2 2

R1  By equation (iii),
3 15
  t 2  10 minutes
2 t2
(because voltage decreases from 220 V  220  0.8
V 6. (d)
2 3
It means heat produced  decreases) i1
R1
So  1  P2  (0.8)2 P1  P2  (0.8)2  100 W i
R2
P2 (220  0 .8 )i2
Also  , Since i2  i1 (we expect) i2 6 4
P1 220 i1
P2
So  0 .8  P2  (100  0.8)
P1 Resistance of upper branch R1  2  3  5 
Hence the actual power would be between
Resistance of lower branch R 2  4  6  10 
100  (0.8) W and (100  0.8) W
2
i1 R 10
2. (b) W  JH  P  t  J  m s  Hence  2  2
i2 R1 5
J  m  s
 t (For water 1 litre = 1kg) Heat generated across 3  (H1 ) i12  3 4
P   2
Heat generated across 6  (H 2 ) i22  6 2
4.2  1  1000  (40  10)
 t  150 sec
836  Heat generated across 3  = 120 cal/sec
4200  m  
Short Trick : use formula t  7. (a) Power consumed by heater is 110 W so by using
P
V2
i R 10 2 P
3. (b) 1  2   R
i2 R1 5 1 10 
110
4 6 i1 i 11
Heater
i2
i2 R

i
110 V 110 V

i1 220 V
5

H
Also heat produced per sec i.e.  P  i2 R V2
t 110   V  110 V . Also from figure
110
2
P5  i1  5  2  5 5
2
10 110 110
           P4   2 cal /s i1   1 A and i   10 A. So i2  10  1  9 A
P4  i2  4  1  4 1 5 110 11

4. (d) 220  9  n(60)  n  33 Applying Ohms law for resistance R, V = iR

V2  110  9  R  R  12.22 
5. (c) H  t
R 2
V 
2
  PR  
110 
Since supply voltage is same and equal amount of 8. (c) Pconsumed   A    500  457.46 W
 VR   115 
heat will produce, therefore
So, percentage drop in power output
R1 R R t
 2 or 1  1 .....(i)
t1 t2 R2 t2 (500  457.46)
  100  8.6 %
500
R1 l
But R  l   1 .....(ii)
R 2 l2 V2
9. (d) Heat produced  t
l1 t R
By (i) and (ii),  1 .....(iii)
l2 t2
 1168 Heating and Chemical Effect of Current

i.e. when voltage is halved, heat produced becomes 15. (a) The current taken by the silver voltameter
one-fourth. Hence time taken to heat the water m 1
I1    0 .496 A
becomes four times. 4
Zt 11.2  10  30  60

10. (b) Electric power consumed by kettle P  220  4 W and by copper voltameter

Heat required 1.8

I2  4
 1.515 A
6.6  10  30  60
H  1000  1 (100  20)  1000  80 cal  4200  80 J
H Total current I  (I1  I 2 )  2.011 A
P H  Pt
t
Power P  IV  2.011  12  24.132 J / sec
 220  4  t  4200  80  t  6.3 minutes
V V
16. (d) Initially current through the voltameter i1  
V2 (210) 2 (3  2) 5
11. (c) H  t   1  mL
R 20 2 3
2 Volta
(210)
  m  80  4 .2  m  6.56 g / s
20
i1
12. (b) For normal brightness of each bulb see following
V
circuit. Current through each bulb = 0.5 A

0.5 A
V V
0.5 A Finally main current i  
3 1 4

0.5 A Hence current through voltameter i2 

V
8
i 0.5 A 2
1.5 V
R
Volta 2
12V 10.5 V

i1
V

So main current i  2 A

Also, voltage across the combination  1.5 V  Rate of deposition (R) 

m
 Zi  R  i
t
So voltage across the resistance  10.5 V R 2  R1 i i
 % drop in rate   100  2 1  100
Hence for resistance V  iR  10.5  2  R R1 i1
21 V V
R     
4 8 5
  100  37.5 %
V
V2 V2 V2 V2
13. (d) P  so R   R1  and R2  R3  5
R P 100 60
17. (d) Comparing the given equation with standard equation
(250)2 (250)2
Now W1  . R1 , W2  .R2 1 2
(R1  R2 )2 (R1  R2 )2 E  t  t
2
(250)2
and W3    40 and
1
 
1
  
1
R3 2 20 10
W1 : W2 : W3  15 : 25 : 64 or W1  W2  W3   40
Hence neutral temperature tn   
  1 / 10
14. (a) Power dissipated  Requivalent
 Heating and Chemical Effect of Current 1169

 t n  400 o C 25. (d) In the normal condition current flows from X to Y

18. (a) Comparing the given equation with standard equation through cold. While after increasing the temperature

E  t 
1 1
 t 2 , we get   14 and    0 .02 of hot junction beyond temperature of inversion. The
2 2
current is reversed i.e. X to Y through hot junction or
  = – 0.04
Y to X through cold junction.
Hence neutral temperature
 14 26. (a) H  it  (2  10 9 )  2.5  (2  60)  6  10 7 J  6 erg
tn      350C
  0 .04
27. (b) Remember mass of the metal deposited on cathode
dE
19. (a) We know that thermoelectric power S  depends on the current through the voltameter and
dT
 1  not on the current supplied by the battery. Hence by
Given E  k (T  Tr ) T0  (T  Tr )
 2  using m  Zit, we can say
m Parallel iParallel

m Series iSeries
By differentiating the above equation w.r.t. T and
1 1 5
Putting T  To , we get S  kT o  m Parallel   1  2 .5 gm.
2 2 2

20. (b) Comparing the given equation with E   t 

1
 t2 Hence increase in mass = 2.5 – 1 = 1.5 gm
2
1 3 i2
We get   16 and   0 .04     0 .08 Volta Volta
2 2 2
i1
3
 16
 tn      200C
  0 .08
10V 10V
Also t i  2t n  t c  ti  2  (200)  0  400C

 32 
21. (c) m  Z it  20  10 3     0 .15  t
 96500 
28. (c) Mass deposited m  Density Volume of the metal
 6.7min  6min.42sec.

22. (b) e  iR  25  10 6    10 5  40  m    Ax . Also m  Zit, so Zit  Ax

40  10 5 400 Zi t 0.00033  10 3  1.5  20  60

    16C  x   1.3  10 5 m
25  10 6
25 A (50  10  4 )  9000

23. (b) 500W m 2.0124

29. (a) i    0.5 A
i 100V i R Zt 1.118  10 3  3600

100V 100V  Error  0.54  0.5  0.04 A

30. (b) Total charge supplied  1  10  10 C

200 V
 2 electronic charge (3.2  10 19 C) liberates one

500 Cu   ion
Rated current through the circuit i   5A
100
 Number of Cu   ions liberated by 10 C charge
Potential difference across R,
1
  10  3.1  10 19
100  5  R  R  20  3 .2  10 19

24. (b) By using e 100  e 032  e 32  e 70 m

31. (d)  m  Zit or i 
70 100
0
Zt
 200  64  76  e 70
100
 e 70
100
 60 V
 1170 Heating and Chemical Effect of Current

For silver voltmeter 38. (d) At cold junction, current flows from copper to nickel

m1 2 and from iron to copper, and at hot junction from

i1    0.994 amp
Z1 t 1.118  10 3  1800 nickel to iron, thus the contributions add.

For copper voltameter 220 2 220 2

39. (b) R Bulb   484  , R Geyser   48.4 
100 1000
m2 1
i2    1.687 amp 6
Z 2 t 3 .294  10 4  1800

 Power of circuit  V (i1  i2 )  6  (0.994  1.687)

220 V Geyser
 6  2.681  16 W

32. (a) Let the temperature of molten metal is t o C.

The thermo-emf e  10  10 6 t volt

Current in the circuit (i) When only bulb is ON,

10 5 t 10 5 t 220  484
e VBulb   217.4 V
i   amp. 490
R  RG 8  1 .6 9 .6

V 8  10 3 (ii) When geyser is also switched ON, equivalent

But i  
RG 8 resistance of bulb and geyser is
10 5 t 8  10 3 9 .6  10 3 484  48.4
  or t   960 o C R  44 
9.6 8 10 5 484  48.4

33. (a)  Peltier coefficient   T

de
and t o C  T  273 220  44
Voltage across the bulb VBulb   193.6 V
dT 50
 e  a(T  273)  b(T  273)2
Hence the potential drop is 217.4  193.6  23.8 V
de
Differentiating w.r.t. T  a  2b(T  273)
24  12 360`
dT 40. (b) i   4 A , Time of charging t 
de 3 V .i
 T  T [a  2b(T  273)]    (t  273) (a  2bt)
dT 360
 t  7.5 hours.
Q V2 m 12  4
34. (d)   .L
t 4 .2 R t
m 2 .68 2 .68 965
41. (a) I     4A
V2 (210) 2 Zt 108

m
   2.625 gm  10  60 108 6
t 4.2 RL 4.2  50  80 96500

 l  i2 Vt Energy  I 2 Rt  4 2  20  600  192 kJ .

35. (d) H  i2 RT  i2   t  (V = volume, = Al)
A A2
1 2
4 42. (d) Comparing with standard equation E  t  t
r 
4
    
1 H 2 16 2
 H  4  1   2  .
r H 2  r1   
1 1
a 1
 = a and  = 2b  tn      700  350 o C
36. (d) Thermoelectric power P   2b 2
P100  P80 100  80
  100   100 = 25% This is not possible.
P80 80

37. (d) The sensitivity of the thermocouple will be 43. (b)

i1 15 3
  … (i)
i2 5 1
 500 V / o C  (72V / o C)  572 V / o C
i2 9 6
Therefore for a 100 o C temperature difference, the
thermo e.m.f. will be 12 
6 3
E  572  10  100 (volt)  57.2  10  57.2 mV . i

i1 5
 Heating and Chemical Effect of Current 1171

temperature, which is much higher than the room

temperature. The resistance at room temperature is
thus much lower than the resistance at its steady
H
Also  i 2 R  45  (i1 ) 2  5 state. When the heater is switched on, it draws a
t
larger current than its steady state current. As the
 i1  3 A and from equation (i) i2  1 A
filament heats up, its resistance increases and
So i  i1  i2  4 A current falls to steady state value.
Hence power developed in 12  resistance 6. (a) Cu voltameter with soluble electrodes obeys ohms
P  i R  (4 )  12  192 W
2 2
law. In water voltameter, in the beginning when V is

44. (a) Heat gained by water = Heat supplied by container - small ( 1.7 volt ), very little current flows, the

heat lost  mS = 1000t – 160t voltameter does not obey ohms law. As soon as V

2  4 .2  1000  50 exceeds 1.7 volt (back e.m.f.) the current increases

 t = 8 min 20 sec
840 steadily according to ohms law.

45. (c) As the voltage in R 2 and R3 is same therefore, 7. (d) Thermal energy in resistor is U  i2 Rt
according to,
i R1 B where R  R0 (1  t)  U  i2 R0 (1  t)t  i2 R0 t  i2 R0 t 2
A
V2 i1 i2
H . t , R 2  R3 dU
So  i2 R0 (1  t)
R Vin R2 R3 dt

Also the energy in all With the time temperature increases, hence dU / dt
D C
increases. This is best shown by curve (d).
resistance is same.
8. (b) m  Zi t and i t = Area of given curve
 i2 R1t  i12 R2 t

R3 R3 1 = Area of triangle + Area of rectangle

Using i1  i i i
R 2  R3 R3  R 3 2 1
it   (2  60)  1  (6  2)  60  1  300
i 2
R 2
Thus i2 R1 t  R2 t or, R1  2
4 4 m m
 Z 
i t 300
Graphical Questions
9. (d) Terminal voltage V  E  Ir. Hence the graph
m m
1. (b) Area = it = 2 Coulomb and m  zit  z  
it 2 between V and i will be a straight line having negative

2. (d) U  i2 , hence the graph between U and i is parabolic slope and positive intercept.

in nature and should be above graph (b).

Thermal power generated in the external circuit
1
3. (d) E   t   t 2 , graph between E and t will be a
2 P  EI  I 2r. Hence graph between P and I will be a
parabola, such that first emf increases and then
parabola passing through origin.
decreases.
dE Also at an instant, thermal power generated in the
4. (a) Thermo electric power P     
d cell = i2r and total electrical power generated in the
Comparing it with y  mx  c, option (a) is correct. I 2r  r 
cell = Ei. Hence the fraction      I; so
5. (b) The filament of the heater reaches its steady EI  E 

resistance when the heater reaches its steady

 1172 Heating and Chemical Effect of Current

  I . It means graph between  and I will be a more brightly (P  i 2 R). Also carbon is not a

straight line passing through origin. semiconductor.

6. (e) Voltage of dc source is constant but in ac, peak value

Assertion and Reason
of voltage is 2 times the rms. voltage. Hence bulb

1. (a) The possibility of an electric bulb fusing is higher at will glow with more brightness when connected to an

the time of switching ON and switching OFF because ac source of the same voltage.

inductive effect produces a surge at the time of 7. (a) When cold water is poured on half portion of the wire,

switching ON and OFF. its resistance decreases due to decrease in

V2 temperature. As a result of this total resistance of

2. (a) The resistance, R   R 1/ P
P circuit decreases i.e. current through each portion of

i.e., higher is the wattage of a bulb, lesser is the wire increases i.e. rest of the half portion becomes

resistance and so it will glow bright. still more hot.

3. (c) Assertion is true but reason is false. Fuse wire must 8. (a) As filament of bulb and line wire are in series, hence

have high resistance because in series current current through both is same. Now, because

remains same, therefore according to Joule's law i 2 Rt

H  and resistance of the filament of the bulb
4 .2
i 2 Rt
H  , heat produced is high if R is high. The
4 .2 is much higher than that of line wires, hence heat

melting point must be low so that wire may melt with produced in the filament is much higher than that in

increase in temperature. As the current equal to line wires.

maximum safe value, flows through the fuse wire, it 9. (b) Neutral temperature is the temperature of hot
heats up, melts and break the circuit. junction, at which the thermo e.m.f. produced in the

4. (a) Resistance of 50 W bulb is two times the resistance thermocouple becomes maximum. It is independent

of 100 W bulb. When bulbs are connected in series, of cold junction and depends on the nature of

50 W bulb will glow more as P  i 2 R (current materials of two metals used to form thermocouple.

remains same in series). In parallel the 100 W bulb 10. (d) Because of heat production every resistance has a
will glow more as P  V / R (potential difference
2
maximum power rating, the maximum power that can
remain same in parallel). be dissipated without overheating the device. When

5. (d) When two bulbs are connected in series, the this rating is exceeded, heat is produced, due to

resistance of the circuit increases and so the voltage which resistance may change unpredictably.

in each decreases, hence the brightness and the 11. (a) The e.m.f. of a Leclanche cell falls, because of the
temperature also decreases. Due to decrease in partial polarisation due to accumulation of hydrogen
temperature, the resistance of the carbon filament gas. In case, Leclanche cell is used in experiment,
will slightly increase while that of metal filament will where current is drawn after short breaks, then
decrease. Hence, carbon filament bulb will glow during each break, hydrogen gas escapes and
 Heating and Chemical Effect of Current 1173

Mn 2 O 3 converts into MnO2 by taking oxygen from

the atmosphere. As a result, the cell regains its

original e.m.f.

12. (a) When lamp B or C gets fused equivalent resistance

of B and C increases. In series voltage distributes in

the ratio of resistance, so voltage appears across B

increases or in other words voltage across A

decreases.

13. (d) When switch S is closed, bulb C is short circuited, so

voltage V distributes only in two parts i.e. voltage on

Bulb A and B increases as compared previously.

Hence illumination of Bulb A and B increases.

14. (a)

15. (c) The electrical appliances with metallic body like

heater, press etc. have three pin connections. Two

pins are for supply line and third pin is for earth

connection for safety purposes.

16. (c) A laser beam is a beam of light which is light

amplification by stimulated emission of radiation.

The energy per unit area of the laser beam is very

high as compared to the torch light.

17. (a) Follow hint of question 15 of this section.

18. (c) Thomson e.m.f. in lead is practically zero.

19. (b) The presence of water molecules reduces force

between ions by 1 / 81 times because the value of

dielectric constant of water is 81. That is why the

separation between ions becomes easier.

20. (b) Here reason is not the correct explanation of the

assertion, which is correct.

21. (d) Here assertion and reason are not correct.

 Heating and Chemical Effect of Current 1171

1. An electric kettle has two coils. When one of these is switched on, (a) 150mV (b) 80mV
the water in the kettle boils in 6 minutes. When the other coil is
switched on, the water boils in 3 minutes. If the two coils are (c) 144mV (d) 120mV
connected in series, the time taken to boil the water in the kettle is 9. Amount of electricity required to pass through the H 2 O voltmeter
(a) 3 minutes (b) 6 minutes so as to liberate 11.2 litre of hydrogen will be
(c) 2 minutes (d) 9 minutes
1
2. A 3  rise in temperature is observed in a conductor by passing a (a) 1 Faraday (b) Faraday
2
certain current. When the current is doubled, the rise in
temperature will be (c) 2 Faraday (d) 3 Faraday
(a) 15C (b) 12C 10. The resistance of the filament of a lamp increases with the increase
(c) 9C (d) 3C in temperature. A lamp rated 100 W, 220 V is connected across 220
V power supply. If the voltage drops by 10% then the power of lamp
3. Two indentical electric lamps marked 500 W, 220 V are connected will be
in series and then joined to a 110 V line. The power consumed by
each lamp is (a) 90 W (b) 81 W
(c) Between 90 W and 100 W (d) Between 81 W and 90 W
125 25
(a) W (b) W 11. In the following circuit, 18  resistor develops 2 J/sec due to
4 4
225 current flowing through it. The power developed across 10 
(c) W (d) 125 W resistance is
4 12 9
(a) 125 W
8
4. When 1 gm hydrogen (e.c.e.  1.044  10 kg / C forms water, (b) 10 W
9
34 kcal heat is liberated. The minimum voltage required to
4 10
decompose water is (c) W 12 9
5
(a) 0.75 V (b) 3 V 18
(d) 25 W
(c) 1.5 V (d) 4.5 V
12. If resistance of the filament increases with temperature, what will be
5. In how much time, one litre of H 2 will be collected by 5 A current power dissipated in a 220 V- 100 W lamp when connected to 110 V
power supply
? (If Z  1  10 8 kg / C and density of H 2  0.09 kg / m 3 ) (a) 25 W (b) < 25 W
(a) 30 minutes (b) 15 minutes (c) > 25 W (d) None of these
(c) 45 minutes (d) 60 minutes
13. Total surface area of a cathode is 0.05m 2 and 1 A current passes
6. The three resistances A, B and C have values 3R, 6R and R through it for 1 hour. Thickness of nickle deposited on the cathode is
respectively. When some potential difference is applied across the (Given that density of nickle = 9 gm / cc and it's E.C.E. =
network, the thermal powers dissipated by A, B and C are in the
ratio 3.04  10 4 gm / C )
(a) 2 : 3 : 4 3R (a) 2.4 m (b) 2.4 m
(b) 2 : 4 : 3 A (c) 2.4 m (d) None of these
R
(c) 4 : 2 : 3 14. Two bulbs consume same power when operated at 200 V and 300 V
(d) 3 : 2 : 4 6R C respectively. When these bulbs are connected in series across a D.C.
source of 500 V, then
7. If the length of the filament of a heaterB is reduced by 10%, the (a) Ratio of potential difference across them is 3/2
power of the heater will
(b) Ratio of potential difference across them is 9/4
(a) Increase by about 9% (b) Increase by about 11% (c) Ratio of power consumed across them is 4/9
(c) Increase by about 19% (d) Decrease by about 10% (d) Ratio of power consumed across them is 2/3
8. A thermo couple develops 40 V / kelvin . If hot and cold junctions
be at 40 C and 20 C respectively then the emf develops by a
o o

thermopile using such 150 thermo couples in series shall be

(SET -20)
 1172 Heating and Chemical Effect of Current

1 1 1 1 1 1
10. (d) Let the resistance of the lamp filament be R. Then
1. (d) In series     
PS P1 P2 (220)2
(H s / ts ) (H1 / t1 ) (H 2 / t2 ) 100  . When then voltage drops, expected power is
R
 H s  H1  H 2 So t s  t1  t 2  6  3  9min
(220  0 .9)2
2. (b) i2 Rt  C  3C; C = Thermal capacity P . Here R will be less than R, because now
R'
when i1  2i  C1  4 i2 Rt  4  3C  1  12o C the rise in temperature will be less. Therefore P is more than
(220  0 .9)2
110  81W
3. (a) Voltage across each bulb V'   55W so, power R
2
consumed by each bulb will But it will not be 90% of earlier value, because fall in
be 500W 500W temperature is small. Hence (d) is correct.
220V 220V 11. (b) The given circuit can be redrawn as follows
2
 55 
P'     500 i1 9 1 i2 6 3
 220  55V 55V  
i2 18 2
125 10 
 W and i  i1  i2
4 110 V i
3
i1 18 
m 1  10 10 5 i i
 1 2 12  3
4. (c) m  Zit  it   C C
Z 1.044  10 8 1.044 i1 i1
Given H  34 kcal = 4.2  34  10 J 3

P10   i  10
2

From P  i2 R      P10   10W

10 5 P18   i1  18
 Heat generated H  Vit  V .
1 .044 12. (c) If resistance does not vary with temperature P consumed =
4 .2  34  1.044  VA 
2
 110 
2
V  = 4.2  0.34  1.044 = 1.5 V  
10 2  V   PR   220   100  25W . But in second cases
 R
5. (a) m  zi t  10 3  0.09  1  10 8  5  t  t  30 min resistance decreases so consumed power will be more than 25
2
W
 2i  4
6. (c) Thermal power in A  PA    3 R  i2 R 13. (c) Mass deposited = density  volume of the metal
 
3 3
m  p A X …..(i)
2
i 2 Hence from Faraday’s first law m  Zit .….(ii)
Thermal power in B  PB    6 R  i2 R
 
3 3 So from equation (i) and (ii)
Thermal power in R Zit
Zit    Ax  x 
C  PC  i R 2
A A
R
3.04  10 4  10 3  1  3600
 PA : PB : PC i C   2 .4  10  6 m  2 .4 m
6R 9000  0.05
4 2
 : :1  4 : 2 : 3 B 2
3 3 V2 V2 R1  200  4
14. (c) P R  or R  V 2 i.e.   
1 1 R P R2  300  9
7. (b) P and R  l  P 
R l When connected in series potential drop and power consumed
P V R 4
P1 l2 P (100  10) 90 are in the ratio of their resistances. So, 1  1  1 
   1    P2  1.11P1 P2 V2 R2 9
P2 l1 P2 100 100
P2  P1
% change in power =  100  11%
P1
8. (d) The temperature difference is 20 C = 20 K. So that thermo emf
o

V
developed E    40  20 K  800 V
K
Hence total emf = 150  800  12  10 4 V  120mV
9. (a) 22.4 litre H =1 mole of H = N molecules of H
2 2 2 ***
= 2N atoms of H.
So charge required to liberate 22.4 litre of H = 2Ne = 2F. 2

Hence charge required to liberate 11.2 litre of H = F. 2