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GIT Hormones Detailed Notes

The document provides detailed notes on various gastrointestinal hormones, including their sources, stimuli, actions, and clinical significance. Key hormones discussed include Gastrin, Secretin, Cholecystokinin (CCK), Gastric Inhibitory Peptide (GIP), Motilin, Somatostatin, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP), and Ghrelin. Each hormone plays a crucial role in digestive processes and metabolic regulation, with specific clinical implications for conditions like Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and obesity.

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68 views3 pages

GIT Hormones Detailed Notes

The document provides detailed notes on various gastrointestinal hormones, including their sources, stimuli, actions, and clinical significance. Key hormones discussed include Gastrin, Secretin, Cholecystokinin (CCK), Gastric Inhibitory Peptide (GIP), Motilin, Somatostatin, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP), and Ghrelin. Each hormone plays a crucial role in digestive processes and metabolic regulation, with specific clinical implications for conditions like Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and obesity.

Uploaded by

diashah676
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Gastrointestinal Hormones - Detailed Notes

1. Gastrin

Source: G cells of the stomach (antrum) and duodenum.

Stimuli: Peptides/amino acids, gastric distension, vagal stimulation.

Inhibited by: Low pH, somatostatin.

Actions:

- Increases gastric acid (HCl) secretion

- Promotes gastric mucosal growth

- Enhances gastric motility

Clinical: Elevated in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, chronic gastritis

2. Secretin

Source: S cells of the duodenum.

Stimuli: Acidic chyme entering the duodenum.

Actions:

- Stimulates bicarbonate secretion from pancreas

- Stimulates bile secretion

- Inhibits gastric acid and emptying

Clinical: Secretin test used for gastrinoma diagnosis

3. Cholecystokinin (CCK)

Source: I cells of the duodenum and jejunum.

Stimuli: Fat and protein in small intestine.

Actions:

- Stimulates gallbladder contraction and pancreatic enzyme secretion

- Slows gastric emptying

- Promotes satiety

4. Gastric Inhibitory Peptide (GIP)

Source: K cells of the duodenum and jejunum.


Gastrointestinal Hormones - Detailed Notes

Stimuli: Glucose, fats, proteins.

Actions:

- Stimulates insulin release (incretin effect)

- Inhibits gastric secretion and motility

Clinical: Impaired in type 2 diabetes

5. Motilin

Source: M cells of duodenum and jejunum.

Stimuli: Fasting state.

Actions:

- Initiates migrating motor complexes (MMC)

- Promotes gastric and intestinal motility

Clinical: Erythromycin acts as motilin agonist in gastroparesis

6. Somatostatin

Source: D cells of stomach and pancreas.

Stimuli: Acid, other hormones.

Actions:

- Inhibits gastrin, secretin, CCK, insulin, glucagon

- Decreases GI secretions and blood flow

Clinical: Octreotide (analog) used in carcinoid, VIPoma, varices

7. Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP)

Source: Enteric neurons.

Actions:

- Relaxes smooth muscle

- Stimulates water/electrolyte secretion

- Inhibits gastric acid

Clinical: VIPoma causes watery diarrhea, hypokalemia, achlorhydria


Gastrointestinal Hormones - Detailed Notes

8. Ghrelin

Source: P/D1 cells of stomach fundus.

Stimuli: Fasting.

Actions:

- Increases appetite ("hunger hormone")

- Stimulates GH secretion

Clinical: Role in obesity and weight loss

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