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Net Pyq Emt

The document is a practice set for various physics entrance exams, focusing on electromagnetic theory with a total of 133 questions categorized by topic. It includes previous year questions from NET/JRF, GATE, IIT-JAM, and other exams from June 2011 to June 2020. Additionally, it provides contact information and resources for further study and practice.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)

85 views87 pages

Net Pyq Emt

Uploaded by

Ramakanta Das

We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

fiziks

Institute for NET/JRF, GATE, IIT‐JAM, [Link]. Entrance, JEST, TIFR and GRE in Physics

Practice Set – Electromagnetic Theory

NET – JRF Physical Science Previous Year Question
(June-2011 To June-2020)

[Link] Topic Number of Question

01. Coulomb’s Law, Gauss Law and Electrostatic 13
Potential
02. Poission and Laplace Equation, Electrostatic 08
Energy and Properties of Conductors
03. Electric Dipole, Polarisation and Boundary 07
Condition
04. Multipole Expansion and Image Problem 11
05. Motion of Charged Particle in Uniform E and B 03
06. Biot Savart Law, Amperes Law and Magnetic 09
Force
07. Magnetic Vector Potential, Magnetic Dipole 08
08. Magnetisation and Boundary Condition 01
09. Maxwells Equations 09
10. E.M. Waves in Free Space, in dielectrics and in 20
conductors
11. Reflection and Transmission at an Interface 02
12. Waveguide and Potential Formulation 18
13. Radiation from moving Charges 09
14. Interference, Diffraction, Polarisation 13
15. Other 02
Total Number of Question 133
Note: (a) QIP file is the integral part of our courses:
Online Test Series Correspondence Pre-recorded Batch Live Batch
(b) For Free Online Practice of Previous Year Questions (QIP File)
Visit our Test Portal [Link]

[Link]. 40-D, Ground Floor, Jia Sarai, Near IIT, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016
Phone: 011-26865455/+91-9871145498
Website: [Link] | Email: [Link]@[Link]
fiziks
Institute for NET/JRF, GATE, IIT‐JAM, [Link]. Entrance, JEST, TIFR and GRE in Physics

1. (Coulomb’s Law, Gauss Law and Electrostatic Potential)

Q1. Four equal point charges are kept fixed at the four vertices of a square. How many neutral
points (i.e. points where the electric field vanishes) will be found inside the square?
(a) 1 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 7
NET/JRF–(DEC-2011)
Q2. Three charges are located on the circumference of a circle of radius R as shown in the
figure below. The two charges Q subtend an angle 900 at the centre of the circle. The
charge q is symmetrically placed with respect to the charges Q . If
Q Q
the electric field at the centre of the circle is zero, what is the
magnitude of Q ?

(a) q / 2 (b) 2q
(c) 2q (d) 4q q

NET/JRF–(DEC-2012)
Q3. Three point charges q are placed at the corners of an equilateral triangle. Another point
charge Q is placed at the centroid of the triangle. If the force on each of the charges q
vanishes, then the ratio Q / q is
1 1 1
(a) 3 (b) (c) (d)
3 3 3 3
NET/JRF (JUNE-2020)
Q4. Four equal charges of Q , each are kept at the vertices of a square of side R . A particle
of mass m and charge Q is placed in the plane of the square at a short distance

a   R  from the centre. If the motion of the particle is confined to the plane, it will

undergo small oscillations with an angular frequency

Q2 Q2
(a) (b)
2 0 R 3 m  0 R 3m

2Q 2 Q2
(c) (d)
 0 R 3 m 4 0 R 3m

NET/JRF–(JUNE-2016)

Q5. The charge per unit length of a circular wire of radius a in the xy -plane, with its centre at
the origin, is   0 cos  , where 0 is a constant and the angle  is measured from the

positive x -axis. The electric field at the centre of the circle is

 0  0  0  0
(a) E   iˆ (b) E  iˆ (c) E   ˆj (d) E  kˆ
4 0  4 0  4 0  4 0 
NET/JRF–(DEC-2016)
Q6. Consider a charge Q at the origin of 3 - dimensional coordinate system. The
flux of the electric field through the curved surface of a cone that has a height
h
h and a circular base of radius R (as shown in the figure) is
R Q
Q Q hQ QR
(a) (b) (c) (d)
0 2 0 R 0 2h 0
NET/JRF–(DEC-2015)
Q7. Consider a hollow charged shell of inner radius a and outer radius b . The volume

charge density is  r  
k
( k is constant) in the region a  r  b . The magnitude of the
r2
electric field produced at distance r  a is
k b  a 
(a) for all r  a ,
 0r 2
k b  a  kb
(b) for a  r  b and for r  b
 0r 2
 0r 2
k r  a  k b  a 
(c) for a  r  b and for r  b
 0r 2
 0r 2
k r  a  k b  a 
(d) for a  r  b and for r  b
 0a 2
 0r 2
NET/JRF–(DEC-2012)

[Link]. 40-D, Ground Floor, Jia Sarai, Near IIT, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016
Phone: 011-26865455/+91-9871145498
Website: [Link] | Email: [Link]@[Link]
2
fiziks
Institute for NET/JRF, GATE, IIT‐JAM, [Link]. Entrance, JEST, TIFR and GRE in Physics

Q8. A solid sphere of radius R has a charge density, given by

 ar 
 r    0 1  
 R
where r is the radial coordinate and  0 , a and R are positive constants. If the

magnitude of the electric field at r  R / 2 is 1.25 times that at r  R , then the value of a
is
(a) 2 (b) 1 (c) 1 / 2 (d) 1 / 4
NET/JRF–(DEC-2014)
Q9. Consider a sphere S1 of radius R which carries a uniform

R
charge of density  . A smaller sphere S2 of radius a  S2
2 S1
P
is cut out and removed from it. The centres of the two 
b 
 nRˆ r
spheres are separated by the vector b  , as shown in
2
the figure. The electric field at a point P inside S2 is

R R  R a 
(a) nˆ (b)  r  na
ˆ  (c) nˆ (d) r
3 0 3 0 a 6 0 3 0 R
NET/JRF–(JUNE-2016)

A static charge distribution gives rise to an electric field of the form E   1  e  r / R 

rˆ
Q10. ,
r2
where  and R are positive constants. The charge contained within a sphere of radius R ,
centred at the origin is
e e2  1 R2
(a)  0 2 (b)  0 2 (c) 4 0  1   (d)  0
R R  e e
NET/JRF–(DEC-2011)

Q11. The yz - plane at x  0 carries a uniform surface charge density  . A unit point charge

is moved from a point  , 0, 0  on one side of the plane to a point   , 0, 0  on the other

side. If  is an infinitesimally small positive number, the work done in moving the
charge is
  2
(a) 0 (b)  (c)   (d) 
0 0 0
NET/JRF–(DEC-2019)
Q12. Two uniformly charged insulating solid spheres A and B , both of radius a , carry total
charges Q and Q , respectively. The spheres are placed touching each other as shown
in the figure.    
 A   B 
If the potential at the centre of the sphere A is VA and that at the
   
centre of B is VB then the difference VA  VB is

Q Q Q Q
(a) (b) (c) (d)
4 0 a 2 0 a 2 0 a 4 0 a
NET/JRF–(DEC-2016)

Q13.  
The values of a and b for which the force F  axy  z 3 iˆ  x 2 ˆj  bxz 2 kˆ is conservative

are
(a) a  2, b  3 (b) a  1, b  3 (c) a  2, b  6 (d) a  3, b  2
NET/JRF–(DEC-2019)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(Solution)
1. (Coulomb’s Law, Gauss Law and Electrostatic Potential)
Ans. 1: (c)
Solution: Inside the square, there are five point where field vanishes.
Q Q
3 2

1
4 5
Q Q
Ans. 2: (a)
1 Q 1 q q q
Solution: E1  E 2  and E3  E3
4 0 R 2
4 0 R 2
R
O
Resultant of E1 and E 2 is
q E2 E1
E  E12  E 22  2E1 , Thus E3  E  Q 
2 Q
Ans. 3: (b)

1 1 3
Solution: DG  AD   a
3 3 2
A q
2 2 3 a
AG  AD  DG  AD   a  AG 
3 3 2 3
300 300
Force on charge q is zero so a 3
kq2
kq 2
qQ Q
cos 300  2 cos 300  k
 
2 2
a a a/ 3 G 1
q q
3 q 3 Q 3 1 D
q   3Q   
2 2 q 3 3

Ans. 4: (c)
kQ
Solution: E1  E2 
 R  R2 
2 Q Q
 a      
 2 4  E2 E1 y

Resultant field E12, y  2 E1 cos  a x

2kQ  R 2kQ  R R /2
E12, y  a    a  
2 
23 3
 2
 2
R R 2  R 
2 2

 a       Q R /2 Q
 2 4   2 

4 2kQ  R
E12, y  a  
 2
3
R
Q R /2 Q
kQ R
Similarly; E3  E4   2 a
 R  R 
2 2

  a     
 2  4  E3 a E4

2kQ R 
Resultant E34, y  2 E3 cos    a
2 
3
 R  R 
2 2 2

  a    Q Q
 2  4 

4 2kQ  R 
 E34, y    a
2 
3
R

4 2kQ  R  R  8 2kQ
Resultant E     a     a    a
 2  2 
3
R R3

8 2 1 2 2Q
E  Qa  E   a
R 3
4 0  0 R 3

2 2Q 2 2 2Q 2
 F  QE   a
 0 R 3  0 mR 3
y
Ans. 5: (a)
0
Solution: At centre O , direction of field is  x̂ .
 0
So best option is (a) x
o 0

Ans. 6: (b)
Q
Flux through closed surface is 
0
Ans. 7: (c)
  1 1 1 k
Solution: For r  a :  [Link]  E (4 r 2 )  Qenc    dV   2 r sin  drd d
2

0 0 0 r

4 k r 4 k  k ra
E (4 r 2 )  a dr  (r  a)  E   rˆ
0 0  0  r 2 

4 k b 4 k  k  ba 
For r  b : E 4 r 2  a dr  (b  a)  E   rˆ
0 0  0  r 2 
Ans. 8: (b)

 ar 
   r
1 1
 E .d a  Qenc  E  4 r 2   1   4 r dr
2
Solution:
S
0 0 0
0
 R

40  2 ar 3  4 0  r 3 ar 4  0  r ar 2 
 r 

 0 0 
 E  4 r  2
r   dr     E    
R   0  3 4R   0  3 4R 

0  R / 2 aR 2 / 4  0  R aR 2 
 Er  R / 2  1.25Er  R      1.25   
0  3 4R   0  3 4R 

 1 a  5  1 a   1 a   5 5a  5a a 5 1
            
 6 16  4  3 4   6 16   12 16  16 16 12 6
4a 5  2 a 3
     a 1
16 12 4 12
Ans. 9: (c)
  
Solution: Electric field at P due to S1 is E1  r
3 0 S2
   S1 
Electric field at P due to S2 (assume   ) is E2  r r
3 0 
   b  P
        
Thus E  E1  E2   r  r  ;  b  r  r  r  r  b r
3 0
   R   R 
E b nˆ  b  nˆ 
3 0 6 0  2 

Ans. 10: (c)

   2
   
Solution: Qenc   0  E  da   0  1  e  r / R 2  r 2 sin ddrˆ   0    1  e  r / R sin dd
rˆ
r 0 0

 1
at r  R , Qenc  4 0 1   .
 e
Ans. 11: (a)
Solution: Work done q V  b   V  a  

Since work done depends on potential difference between two points,

So W  0 (Potential = constant)

Ans. 12: (c)

3Q Q Q
Solution: VA   
8 0 a 4 0  2a  4 0 a

3Q Q Q
VB   
8 0 a 4 0  2a  4 0 a

Q
VA  VB 
2 0 a
Ans. 13: (a)
xˆ yˆ zˆ
    
Solution: For conservative force   F  0  0
x y z
axy  z 3 x2 bxz 2
 
 xˆ  0  0   yˆ bz 2  3z 2  zˆ  2 x  ax   0
 b  3  0 and z  a  0 or a  2, b  3
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2. Poission and Laplace Equation, Electrostatic Energy and Properties of Conductors

A  Kr
Q1. A static, spherically symmetric charge distribution is given by  r   e where A
r
and K are positive constants. The electrostatic potential corresponding to this charge
distribution varies with r as

(a) re  Kr (b)
1  Kr
r
e (c)
1  Kr
r2
e (d)
1
r

1  e  Kr 
NET/JRF–(JUNE-2011)
Q2. The electrostatic potential V(x, y) in free space in a region where the charge density ρ is
zero is given by V  x, y   4e 2 x  f  x   3 y 2 . Given that the x-component of the electric

field Ex, and V are zero at the origin, f  x  is

(a) 3x 2  4e 2 x  8 x (b) 3x 2  4e 2 x  16 x
(c) 4e 2 x  8 (d) 3x 2  4e 2 x
NET/JRF–(JUNE-2011)
Q3. If the electrostatic potential V r ,  ,   in a charge free region has the form

V  r ,  ,    f  r  cos  , then the functional form of f r  (in the following a and b are

constants) is:
b b b r
(a) ar 2  (b) ar  (c) ar  (d) a ln 
r r2 r b
NET/JRF–(DEC-2013)
Q4. If the electrostatic potential in spherical polar coordinates is
 r    0 e  r / r
0

where  0 and r0 are constants, then the charge density at a distance r  r0 will be

 0 0 e 0 0  0 0 2e 0 0
(a) (b) (c)  (d) 
er 0
2
2r02 er 0
2
r02
NET/JRF–(JUNE-2014)

Q5. Two long hollow co-axial conducting cylinders of radii R1 and R2  R1  R2  are placed

in vacuum as shown in the figure below.

2R1 2R2

The inner cylinder carries a charge   per unit length and the outer cylinder carries a
charge  per unit length. The electrostatic energy per unit length of this system is
2 2
(a)
 0
ln  R2 / R1  (b)
4 0
 R22 / R12 
2 2
(c) ln  R2 / R1  (d) ln  R2 / R1 
4 0 2 0
NET/JRF–(JUNE-2017)
Q6. Two parallel plate capacitors, separated by distances x and 1.1x respectively, have a
dielectric material of dielectric constant 3.0 inserted between the plates and are
connected to a battery of voltage V . The difference in charge on the second capacitor
compared to the first is
(a) 66% (b) 20% (c) 3.3% (d) 10%
NET/JRF–(JUNE-2016)
Q7. A hollow metallic sphere of radius a , which is kept at a potential V0 has a charge Q at its
centre. The potential at a point outside the sphere, at a distance r from the centre, is
Q Va Q V a2 Va
(a) V0 (b)  0 (c)  02 (d) 0
4 0 r r 4 0 r r r
NET/JRF–(DEC-2015)

Q8. A parallel plate capacitor with rectangular plates of length l , breadth b and plate
separation d , is held vertically on the surface of a dielectric liquid of dielectric constant
 and density  as shown in the figure. The length and breadth are large enough for
d
edge effects to be neglected.

l
h

Dielectric liquid

The plates of the capacitor are kept at a constant voltage difference V . Ignoring effects of
surface tension, the height h upto which the liquid level rises inside the capacitor, is
V 2 0   1 V 2 0   1
(a) (b)
 gbd 2  gb 2

V 2 0   1 V 2 0   1
(c) (d)
2  gd 2  gd 2
NET/JRF (JUNE-2020)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(Solution)
2. Poission and Laplace Equation, Electrostatic Energy and Properties of Conductors
Ans. 1: (b)
Solution: since  2V    /  0

A  kr 1   2 V 
 2V must be proportional to e , where  2V  2 r .
r r r  r 
Ans. 2: (d)
Solution: V  4e 2 x  f  x   3 y 2 . Since   0   2V  0  16e 2 x  f  x   6  0 .
 

Since E x  0 at origin  E  V  E x   8e 2 x  f  x  
E x 0, 0  8  f 0  0  f 0   8 .

Since V 0, 0   0  4  f 0   0  f 0   4

Solve equation 16e 2 x  f  x   6  0  f  x   6  16e 2 x  f x   6 x  8e 2 x  c1 , since

f   0   8  c1  8  c1  0 .

Again Integrate f  x   6 x  8e 2 x  f  x   3 x 2  4e 2 x  c 2

since f  0   4  c2  4  c2  0 . Thus f  x   3x 2  4e 2 x

Ans. 3: (b)

1   2 V  1   V  1   2V 
Solution:  2V  r  2  sin   2 2  2 0
r r  r  r sin   
2
  r sin    
1   2 f  1 
 r cos    2 sin  f    sin     0
r r  r  r sin  
2

cos   2 2 f f  f 2  f
2
f
  r  2 r 
 2  2sin  cos    0  r  2r  2 f  r   0
r2  r
2
r  r sin  r
2
r

f r   ar 
b
satisfy the above equation.
r2
Ans. 4: (a)

Solution:   2       0   2 
0

1   2   1   2 0  r / r0  1 0  2  r / r0
 2  r  2 r  e
r r  r  r r 
2  2
r r0 r
r e  
r0 

1 0  2 1  r / r0    1 2 
  2   2 r   e  2re  r / r0    0   e  r / r0  e  r / r0 
r r0  r0  r0  r0 r 

0  1 2 1  0  0  0 0
At a distance r  r0 ,  2    e  e    2     0   2   2
1

r0  r0 r0  r0 e  r0 e  r0 e
Ans. 5: (c)
  
Solution: r  R1 , E1  0 ; R1  r  R2 , E2  rˆ
2 0 r

r  Rz , E3  0

0  R2 2
W  E 2 dz  0
2 all spce 2 R1 4 2 02 r 2
 2 rldr

W 0 2 R2 1 2 R 
l
 
2 2 02 R1 r
dr  ln  2 
4 0  R1 

Ans. 6: (d)
3 0 A 3 A
Solution: Q1  C1V1  V , Q2  C2V2  0 V
x 1.1x
 1  3 A
  1  0 V
Q2  Q1
100%  
1.1  x
100  9%
Q1 3  0 A
V
x
Ans. 7: (d)
Q
Solution: Let charge on conductor is Q , then V0 
4 0 a
Q Va
Now V V  0
4 0 r r

Ans. 8: (c)
 0bV 2
Solution: Upward force on dielectric F    1
2d
If liquid rises to height h , then
 0bV 2   1  0V 2   1
  hbd   g  h 
2d 2d 2  g
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3. Electric Dipole, Polarisation and Boundary Condition


Q1. An electric dipole of dipole moment P  qbiˆ is placed at origin in the vicinity of two

charges  q and  q at  L, b  and  L, b  , respectively, as

Y
shown in the figure.
L   q ( L, b )
The electrostatic potential at the point  , 0  is
2 

qb  1 2  4qbL P A
(a)  2 2 2 
(b) x
 0  L L  4b   0  L  4b 
2 2 3/ 2 O ( L /2, 0)

qb 3qb  q ( L,-b)
(c) (d)
 0 L2  0 L2
NET/JRF–(DEC-2018)
Q2. A particle of charge e and mass m is located at the midpoint of the line joining two fixed
collinear dipoles with unit charges as shown in the figure. (The particle is constrained to
move only along the line joining the dipoles). Assuming that the length of the dipoles is
much shorter than their separation, the natural frequency of oscillation of the particle is

R R

  e, m  

2d 2d

6eR 2 6eR 6ed 2 6ed

(a) (b) (c) (d)
 0 md 5  0 md 4  0 mR 5  0 mR 4
NET/JRF–(JUNE-2013)

Q3. A parallel plate capacitor with 1 cm separation between the plates has two layers of
dielectric with dielectric constants   2 and   4 , as shown in the figure below. If a
potential difference of 10V is applied between the plates, the magnitude of the bound

surface charge density (in units of C / m 2 ) at the junction of the dielectrics is

10 V

 2
1 cm
 4

(a) 250  0 (b) 2000 0 3 (c) 2000  0 (d) 200 0 3

NET/JRF–(DEC-2019)
Q4. A rectangular piece of dielectric material is inserted partially into the (air) gap between
the plates of a parallel plate capacitor. The dielectric piece will
(a) Remain stationary where it is placed
(b) Be pushed out from the gap between the plates
(c) Be drawn inside the gap between the plates and its velocity does not change sign
(d) Execute an oscillatory motion in the region between the plates
NET/JRF–(DEC-2017)
Q5. The half space region x  0 and x  0 are filled with dielectric
x0 x0
media of dielectric constants 1 and  2 respectively. There is a 2 1 
uniform electric field in each part. In the right half, the electric field 1 E1

makes an angle 1 to the interface. The corresponding angle  2 in

the left half satisfies 2
(a) 1 sin  2   2 sin 1 (b) 1 tan  2   2 tan 1 
E2
(c) 1 tan 1   2 tan  2 (d) 1 sin 1   2 sin  2

NET/JRF–(JUNE-2016)

Q6. Suppose the yz -plane forms a chargeless boundary between two media of permittivities
left and right where left :right  1: 2 , if the uniform electric field on the left is
 
 
Eleft  c iˆ  ˆj  kˆ (where c is a constant), then the electric field on the right Eright is


(a) c 2iˆ  ˆj  kˆ  
(b) c iˆ  2 ˆj  2kˆ 
1   1 1 
(c) c  iˆ  ˆj  kˆ  (d) c  iˆ  ˆj  kˆ 
2   2 2 
NET/JRF–(JUNE-2015)
Q7. Consider an electromagnetic wave at the interface between two homogenous dielectric
media of dielectric constants  1 and  2 . Assuming  2   1 and no charges on the surface,
 
the electric field vector E and the displacement vector D in the two media satisfy the
following inequalities
       
(a) E 2  E1 and D2  D1 (b) E 2  E1 and D2  D1
       
(c) E 2  E1 and D2  D1 (d) E 2  E1 and D2  D1

NET/JRF–(JUNE-2014)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3. Electric Dipole, Polarisation and Boundary Condition (Solution)

Ans. 1: (c)
1 p cos 00 1 p
Solution: Potential due to dipole V1  
4 0  L / 2  2
 0 L2

1 q
Potential due to  q charge V2 
4 0 L2 / 4  b 2
1 q
Potential due to  q charge V3  
4 0 L / 4  b2
2

1 p 1 qb
Resultant V  V1  V2  V3  V 
 0 L2
 0 L2
Hence, correct option is (c)
Ans. 2: (d)
Solution: Let us displace the charge particle by small R R
amount x at A . Then the resultant electric field at
x
point A is given by   
 e, m A
2p  1 1  6d
E   3 
 x,
4 0  R  x  R  x    0 R 4
3 2d 2d

6ed k 6ed
F  eE   x . Then,    (where p  1 2d  2d )
 0 R 4
m  0 mR 4

Ans. 3: (b)
    3
Solution: V  E1d  E2 d  d d  d d d
1 2 2 0 4 0 4 0 
  1
V  10 volts, d  0.5 cm d
  1
4 0 4  10 14
  2
  2
 10  0 d
3  0.5  10 15   2
   
  
P1 0  e1 E1 0  2  1 
2 0
nˆ  nˆ   1 
2 2
  b  P  nˆ 

   3 3
P2 0  e2 E2 0  4  1  nˆ  nˆ   2 
4 0 4 4

 3  1 4  1014
   1   2      0
2 4 4 4 15
2000
   0
3
Ans. 4: (c)
Solution: Just like a conductor, a dielectric is attracted into an electric field. The reason is: the
bound charge tends to accumulate near the fee charge of the opposite sign.
Ans. 5: (c)
E1
tan 1 E E 
Solution:  1  1
tan  2 E2 E2
 E 
1  E2 

E2

E1  2 tan 1  2
D1  D2  1 E1   2 E2      1 tan 1   2 tan  2
E2 1

tan  2 1
Ans. 6: (c) y
1 2
 
Solution: E1  c ˆj  kˆ  E2

1 
D1  D2 1 E1 2 E2  E21  E1
2 x
1 ˆ  1 
 E2  ci  E2  c  iˆ  ˆj  kˆ 
2 2  z

Ans. 7: (c)
Solution:
E1  2  
 E1  E2 and D1  D2  1 E1   2 E2    E 
 E 
 E  E1   2  1
E2 1
2 1 2

D1 1  
 D1  D2 and D1  1 E1 , D2   2 E2    D 
 D 
 D  D1   2  1
D2  2
2 1 2

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

4. Multipole Expansion and Image Problem

Q1. Charges Q, Q and 2Q are placed on the vertices of an equilateral triangle ABC of
sides of length a , as shown in the figure. The dipole moment of this configuration of
charges, irrespective of the choice of origin, is - 2Q
ĵ C
(a)  2aQ iˆ a
a
(b)  3aQ ˆj
A B
Q a Q
(c)  3aQ ˆj
(d) 0 iˆ
NET/JRF–(JUNE-2012)
Q2. Four charges (two  q and two q ) are kept fixed at the four vertices of a square of side

a as shown. At the point P which is at a distance R from the centre  R  a  , the

potential is proportional to q q
(a) 1/ R (b) 1/ R 2
a R P
3 4
(c) 1/ R (d) 1/ R
q q

NET/JRF–(DEC-2012)
Q3. Let four point charges q,  q / 2, q and  q / 2 be placed at the vertices of a square of
side a . Let another point charge  q be placed at the centre of the square (see the figure).

q/2 q

q

q q/2
Let V r  be the electrostatic potential at a point P at a distance r  a from the centre
of the square. Then V 2r  / V r  is
1 1 1
(a) 1 (b) (c) (d)
2 4 8
NET/JRF–(DEC-2013)

Q4. The electrostatic lines of force due to a system of four point charges
is sketched here. At large distance r , the leading asymptotic
behaviour of the electrostatic potential is proportional to
(a) r (b) r 1
(c) r 2 (d) r 3

NET/JRF–(DEC-2014)
Q5. Two point charges 3Q and Q are placed at  0, 0, d  and  0, 0, 2d  respectively,

above an infinite grounded conducting sheet kept in the xy - plane. At a point  0, 0, z  ,

where z  d , the electrostatic potential of this charge configuration would

approximately be
1 d2 1 2d 1 3d 1 d2
(a) Q (b) Q (c) Q (d)  Q
4 0 z 3 4 0 z 2 4 0 z 2 4 0 z 3
NET/JRF–(DEC-2017)
Q6. Two point charges 2Q and Q are kept at point with Cartesian coordinates 1, 0, 0  ,

respectively, in front of an infinite grounded conducting plate at x  0 . The potential at

 x, 0, 0  for x  1 depends on x as

(a) x 3 (b) x 5 (c) x 2 (d) x 4

NET/JRF–(JUNE-2018)
Q7. Consider an axially symmetric static charge distribution of the form,
2
r 
   0  0  e  r / r0 cos 2 
r
The radial component of the dipole moment due to this charge distribution is
(a) 2 0 r04 (b)  0 r04 (c)  0 r04 (d)  0 r04 / 2

NET/JRF–(JUNE-2013)

Q8. A point charges q of mass m is kept at a distance d below a grounded infinite

conducting sheet which lies in the xy - plane. For what value of d will the charge
remains stationary?
(a) q / 4 mg 0 (b) q / mg 0

(c) There is no finite value of d (d) mg 0 / q

NET/JRF–(DEC-2012)
Q9. A point charge q is placed symmetrically at a distance d from two perpendicularly
placed grounded conducting infinite plates as shown in the figure. The net force on the
charge (in units of 1 / 4 0 ) is

 
q2 d q
(a) 2 2  1 away from the corner
8d 2
d
(b)
q2
8d 2
 
2 2  1 towards the corner

q2
(c) towards the corner
2 2d 2
3q 2
(d) away from the corner
8d 2
NET/JRF–(DEC-2013)
Q10. A charge  e  is placed in vacuum at the point d ,0,0  , where d  0 . The region x  0
d 
is filled uniformly with a metal. The electric field at the point  ,0,0  is
2 
(a) 
10e
1, 0, 0 (b)
10e
1, 0, 0
9 0 d 2
9 0 d 2

Q11. A charged particle is at a distance d from an infinite conducting plane maintained at zero
potential. When released from rest, the particle reaches a speed u at a distance d / 2 from
the plane. At what distance from the plane will the particle reach the speed 2u ?
(a) d / 6 (b) d / 3 (c) d / 4 (d) d / 5
NET/JRF–(JUNE-2014)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

4. Multipole Expansion and Image Problem (Solution)

Ans. 1: (c)
Solution: Let coordinates of A is (l, m), then
 a   3a  ˆ 
 
   
p  qi ri   Q liˆ  mˆj  Q l  a iˆ  mˆj  2Q  l  iˆ   m   j

 2   2  

       
p  Q liˆ  mˆj  Q l  a iˆ  mˆj  Q 2l  a iˆ  2m  3a ˆj  p   3aQˆj
Ans. 2: (c)
Solution: Given configuration is quadrupole.
Ans. 3: (d)
q q
Solution: According to multipole expansion Qmono   q qq 0
2 2
 q q  q q q   q q  qq q 
p  q  xˆ  yˆ     xˆ  yˆ   0  q   xˆ  yˆ    xˆ  yˆ   0
2 2  2 2 2   2 2  22 2 
1 V 2r  1
Thus, V    .
r 3
V r  8
Ans. 4: (d)
1
Solution: The given electrostatic line of force is due to a quadrupole. So V  .
r3
Ans. 5: (b)
Solution: Monopole moment Qmono  Q  3Q  3Q  Q  0

Dipole moment p  3Q   dzˆ    Q    2dzˆ    3Q    dzˆ   Q   2dzˆ 
 z
p  2Qdzˆ 2d Q

1 p  rˆ 1 2Qd d 3Q
Vdip  
4 0 r 2
4 0 z 2

y
d 3Q
x 2 d Q
Ans. 6: (a)
Solution: 2 1
x
Q 2Q 0 2Q Q

Monopole moment 2Q  Q  2Q  Q  0

1
Thus V 
x3
Ans. 7: (a)
2
r 
Solution: p   r  r d      r    0  0  e  r  / r0 cos 2   r  2 sin dr dd
V  r 
  2

 dr  sin  d  cos 2  d  2 0 r04

 r  / r0
p r 0 0
2
r e
r  0 0 0

Ans. 8: (a)
Solution: There is attractive force between point charge q and grounded conducting sheet that

1 q2 q
can be calculate from method of images i.e.  mg  d 
4 0 2d  2
4 mg 0

Ans. 9: (b)
q2 q2 F3
Solution: F 1  F 2  k and F 3  k
q d d
4d 2 8d 2 q
F1
q2 F2 d
Resultant of F 1 , F 2 is F12  F12  F22  2 2k .
8d 2
d
q2
Net force F  k 2 2 2  1 (towards the corner)
8d
  q q
2d
Ans. 10: (b)

Solution: E
d 
E
2 P
x
E 
1 e 
 e 1d 4e 0 d
and E   1
e e

1 4e
4 0  3d / 2  2
4 0 9d 2
4 0  d / 2  2
4 0 d 2

Thus resultant electric field at point P is

1 4e 1 4e 1 40e 1 10e  1 10e
E  E  E     E xˆ
4 0 9d 2
4 0 d 2
4 0 9d 2
9 0 d 2
9 0 d 2

Ans. 11: (d) x

d 2x 1 q2 d 2x A q2
Solution: F  ma  m      where A  . P q
dt 2 4 0 4d 2 dt 2 x2 16 m 0
d
d  A

dv
dt x
A
 2 v
dv
dt
A dx
 2
x dt

1 d 2
2 dt
v   
dt  x 
  0

v2 A A 1 1 d
   C at  x  d , v  0  C    v  2 A    .
2 x d x d q

 1 1 2A 1 1 d
Thus u  2 A    then 2u  2 A     x 
d /2 d  d x d 5
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5. Motion of Charged Particle in Uniform E and B (Solution)

Ans. 1: (b)
Solution: v  2v

2 R 2 R l
Pitch of the helix l  vT  v  2v  4 R   4
v v R
Ans. 2: (d)
z
Solution: Change particle will deflect in  x -direction with

E 1 B
v   1 m/ s .
B 1
y

E
x

Ans. 3: (a)
z
Solution: Initially charged particle will experience electric
Cycloidal path
force and will gain velocity then it will deflect in 
  E
magnetic field  F   v  B   yˆ  .
y

B
x

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5. Motion of Charged Particle in Uniform E and B (Solution)

Ans. 1: (b)
Solution: v  2v

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

6. Biot Savart Law, Amperes Law and Magnetic Force

Q1. The magnetic field at a distance R from a long straight wire carrying a steady current I
is proportional to
(a) IR (b) I / R 2 (c) I 2 / R 2 (d) I / R
NET/JRF–(JUNE-2012)
Q2. The force between two long and parallel wires carrying currents I 1 and I 2 and separated
by a distance D is proportional to
(b) I 1  I 2  / D (c) I 1 I 2 / D 
2
(a) I 1 I 2 / D (d) I 1 I 2 / D 2
NET/JRF–(DEC-2013)
Q3. A constant current I is flowing in a piece of wire that is bent into a loop as shown in the
y
figure.
2b

2b a a
2b
2a
2a O x
b b
The magnitude of the magnetic field at the point O is
0 I a 0 I  1 1  0 I  1  0 I  1 
(a) ln   (b)    (c)   (d)  
4 5  b  4 5  a b  4 5  a  4 5  b 
NET/JRF–(JUNE-2017)
Q4. Three infinitely long wires, each carrying equal current are placed in the xy - plane along
x  0,  d and  d . On the xy - plane, the magnetic field vanishes at

d  1 
(a) x   (b) x   d 1  
2  3

 1  d
(c) x   d  1   (d) x  
 3 3
NET/JRF (JUNE-2020)

Q5. Consider a planar wire loop as an n -sided regular polygon, in which R is the distance
from the centre to a vertex. If a steady current I flows through the wire, the magnitude of
the magnetic field at the centre of the Loop is
0 I  2  0 nI  
(a) sin   (b) sin  
2R  n  4 R n
0 nI  2  0 nI  
(c) tan   (d) tan  
2 R  n  2 R n
NET/JRF–(JUNE-2019)
Q6. A set of N concentric circular loops of wire, each carrying a steady current I in the
same direction, is arranged in a plane. The radius of the first loop is r1  a and the radius

of the n th loop is given by rn  nrn 1 . The magnitude B of the magnetic field at the centre

of the circles in the limit N   , is

(a) 0 I  e 2  1 / 4 a (b) 0 I  e  1 /  a

NET/JRF–(JUNE-2017)
Q7. The loop shown in the figure below carries a steady current I .
I

3a
a
O
The magnitude of the magnetic field at the point O is
0 I 0 I 0 I 0 I
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2a 6a 4a 3a
NET/JRF–(JUNE-2018)

Q8. Two current-carrying circular loops, each of radius R , are placed perpendicular to each
other, as shown in the figure.
The loop in the xy - plane carries a current I 0 while that in the
z
xz -plane carries a current 2I 0 . The resulting magnetic field
 2I0
B at the origin is
0l0  ˆ ˆ  0l0  ˆ ˆ  y
(a) 2jk (b) 2jk
2R   2R   I0
x
0l0  ˆ ˆ  0l0  ˆ ˆ 
(c) 2 j  k (d) 2 j  k
2R   2R  
NET/JRF–(DEC-2018)
Q9. A circular current carrying loop of radius a carries a steady current. A constant electric
 
charge is kept at the centre of the loop. The electric and magnetic fields, E and B
respectively, at a distance d vertically above the centre of the loop satisfy
        
(a) E  B (b) E  0 (c)  E  B  0  
(d)   E  B  0  
NET/JRF–(DEC-2017)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

6. Biot Savart Law, Amperes Law and Magnetic Force (Solution)

Ans. 1: (d)
Ans. 2: (a)
Ans. 3: (b)
 I
Solution: B  0  sin  2  sin 1  ˆ
4 d
Magnetic field due to left and right segment of 2a
d 1 2
 I  2a 
B2 a  0  
4 a  5a  I
Field due to upper segment of 2a
0 I  a a 
   
4  2a   5a 5a 
0 I 2 0 I 1
Net field B2 a  2    
4 a 5 4 a 5
0 I
B2 a  5  (inward)
4 a
0 I
similarly, B2b  5  (outward)
4 b
0 I 1 1
Net field B  B2 a  B2b  5  
4 a b
Ans. 4: (d)
Solution: B1  B2  B3

0 I 0 I 0 I y
 
2  d  x  2 x 2  d  x  1 2 3

1 1 1 xd x 1
    
dx x dx x d  x d  x x
x
  d  2 x  d  x   dx  x 2
d d
 d 2  xd  2 xd  2 x 2  dx  x 2
d
 d 2  xd  2 x 2  dx  x 2  3 x 2  d 2  x  
3

Ans. 5: (d)
0 I
Solution: For segment (1), B1  sin  2  sin 1 
4 r
r  R sin  , 1    90    and  2    90    O

0 I 0 I
 B1  cos   cos    tan  1  2
4 R sin  2 R R
r

For n-sided polygon;    900 
n
I
I  
 B1  0 tan  
2 R n

Thus magnetic field due to n-sided polygon is

n0 I  
B  nB1  tan  
2 R n
Ans. 6: (d)
0 I  11 1 1
Solution: B      ........ 
2  r1 r2 r3 rn 
r1  a ,

rn  nrn 1 , r1  r0  a , r2  2r1  2a , r3  3r2  3.2a and r4  4r3  4.3.2a

0 I  1 1 1  0 I  N 1 
B  1     .......   B   
2a  2 3.2 4.3.2  2a  n 1 n 
   
xn 1 1 1
ex    e    1      e 1
n 0 n n 0 n n 1 n n 1 n

 N 1 I
lim     e  1  B  0  e  1
N 
 n l n  2a

Ans. 7: (b)
1 0 I 1 0 I
Solution: Ba  , B3a  
2 2a 2 2  3a 

0 I  1  0 I
B  Ba  B3a  1   
4a  3  6a

Ans. 8: (a)
 I
Solution: Field due to loop in xy plane is B1  0 0 zˆ
2R
Field due to loop in xz plane is
   2I0 
B2  0  yˆ 
2R
   I
Resultant field B  B1  B2  0 0  2 yˆ  zˆ 
2R
Ans. 9: (c)
    

Solution: E  B  0  . E  B  0 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

7. Magnetic Vector Potential, Magnetic Dipole

Q1. Given a uniform magnetic field B  B0 kˆ (where B0 is a constant), a possible choice for
the magnetic vector potential A is

(a) B0 yiˆ (b)  B0 yiˆ 

(c) B0 xjˆ  yiˆ  
(d) B0 xiˆ  yjˆ 
NET/JRF–(DEC-2015)
 1   10  
Q2. The magnetic field corresponding to the vector potential A  F  r  3 r , where F is
2 r
a constant vector, is
   30   30 
(a) F (b)  F (c) F  4 r (d) F  4 r
r r
NET/JRF–(JUNE-2012)
mr
Q3. The vector potential A due to a magnetic moment m at a point r is given by A  .
r3

If m is directed along the positive z -axis, the x - component of the magnetic field, at the

point r , is

(a)
3myz
(b) 
3mxy
(c)
3mxz
(d)

3m z 2  xy 
r5 r5 r5 r5
NET/JRF–(JUNE-2012)
Q4. A thin, infinitely long solenoid placed along the z - axis contains a magnetic flux  .
Which of the following vector potentials corresponds to the magnetic field at an arbitrary
point x, y, z  ?

   
(a) Ax , Ay , Az    
y x
, ,0 
 2 x  y 2 x  y
2 2 2 2


   
(b) Ax , Ay , Az    
y x
, ,0 
 2 x  y  z 2 x  y  z
2 2 2 2 2 2


  x y  x y 
(c) Ax , Ay , Az     , ,0 
 2 x  y 2 x  y
2 2 2 2


   
(d) Ax , Ay , Az    
x y
, , 0 
 2 x 2
 y 2
2 x 2
 y 2

NET/JRF–(JUNE-2014)

Q5. An infinite solenoid with its axis of symmetry along the z -direction carries a steady
current I .
 ẑ
The vector potential A at a distance R from the axis
(a) Is constant inside and varies as R outside the solenoid
R
(b) Varies as R inside and is constant outside the solenoid
1
(c) Varies as inside and as R outside the solenoid
R
1
(d) Varies as R inside and as outside the solenoid
R
NET/JRF–(DEC-2012)
Q6. A rotating spherical shell of uniform surface charge and mass density has total mass M
and charge Q . If its angular momentum is L and magnetic moment is  , then the ratio
 / L is
Q 2Q Q 3Q
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3M 3M 2M 4M
NET/JRF–(DEC-2018)
Q7. A loop of radius a , carrying a current I , is placed in a uniform magnetic field B . If the
 
normal to the loop is denoted by n̂ , the force F and the torque T on the loop are
     
(a) F  0 and T   a 2 I n̂ B (b) F  0 I  B
4
        1 
(c) F  0 I  B and T  I nˆ  B (d) F  0 and T  IB
4  0 0
NET/JRF–(JUNE-2016)
Q8. A small magnetic needle is kept at  0, 0  with its moment along the x -axis. Another

small magnetic needle is at the point 1,1 and is free to rotate in the xy - plane. In

equilibrium the angle  between their magnetic moments is such that

1
(a) tan   (b) tan   0 (c) tan   3 (d) tan   1
3
NET/JRF–(DEC-2015)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

7. Magnetic Vector Potential, Magnetic Dipole (Solution)

Ans. 1: (b)
 
Solution: (a)   A   B0 kˆ
 
(b)   A  B0 kˆ
 
(c)   A  0
 
(d)   A  0
Ans. 2: (a)

   1   
    r  
Solution: B    A    F  r  10   3  . Since F is a constant vector, let
2  r 
xˆ yˆ zˆ
  
F  F0  xˆ  yˆ  zˆ  , F  r  F0 F0 F0  xˆ  z  y F0  yˆ  z  x F0  zˆ  y  x F0
x y z
xˆ yˆ zˆ
  

 F r   
x

y

z
 xˆF0  F0   yˆ  F0  F0   zˆF0  F0   2 F0  xˆ  yˆ  zˆ 
z  y F0 x  z F0
 y  x F0
  r
1   
  
   F  r  F0  xˆ  yˆ  zˆ   F ,   3  0 . Thus B  F
2 r
Ans. 3: (c)

Solution: m  mzˆ and
   m
   
B    A  3 2 cos rˆ  sin ˆ  3 3m  rˆ rˆ  m
r r
1

 1  
 xxˆ  yyˆ  zzˆ  r  3mxz
B  3 3mz  
ˆ   mzˆ   Bx  5
r   r r  r
Ans. 4: (a)
  
Solution: B    A  0
Ans. 5: (d)

Ans. 6: (c)
2 2
Solution: I  MR 2 , L  I   MR 2
3 3
Q
 z
4 R 2  R sin 
   2 R sin   Rd    R 2 sin 2 
dm  dI    R sin    Rd
2

2 / 
dm   R 4 sin 3  d 
d
4 4    4 QR 2
   dm   R   
4
R   
3 3  4 R 2  3 R

 QR 2 / 3 QR 2 3 Q
   
L 2
MR 2 3 2MR  2M
2

3
Ans. 7: (a)

Solution: In uniform field F  0
   
Torque T  m  B   a 2 Inˆ  B
Ans. 8: (c)
0      mm
Solution: U   m  m2  3  m1  rˆ  m2  rˆ    U  0 1 3 2 cos   3cos 450 cos   450  
3  1
4 r 4 r  
For stable position energy is minimum i.e.
 r̂ y
 mm m2
U  
sin   450    0
3

0 0 132
4 r   sin   r
 2  
450 x

3  sin  cos   m1
 sin       tan   3
2 2 2 
so, option (c) is correct .
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

8. Magnetisation and Boundary Condition

Q1. Which of the following is not a correct boundary condition at an interface between two
homogeneous dielectric media? (In the following n̂ is a unit vector normal to the

interface,  and js , are the surface charge and current densities, respectively.)
    
 
(a) nˆ  D1  D2  0 
(b) nˆ  H1  H 2  js 
   
 
(c) n̂  D1  D2    
(d) nˆ  B1  B2  0

NET/JRF–(JUNE-2019)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

8. Magnetisation and Boundary Condition (Solution)

Ans. 1: (a)
Solution: Since media is homogeneous dielectric: assume uniform polarisation and
magnetisation.

 and j s , are the free surface charge and free surface current densities.
   
  D  0  D1  D2   P  0 and D1  D2  
 
 
Thus D1  D 2   nˆ .
   
 nˆ.  D  D   
1 2  
and nˆ  D1  D 2  0 .
     
.H  .M  0  H1  H 2  .M  0 and H1  H1  js
  
 
Thus H 1  H 2  j s  nˆ .
  
 nˆ   H  H   j
1 2 s

Also
 
.B  0  B1  B2 and B1  B1  0 K (assume K is total surface current at interface)
  
 
Thus, B1  B 2  0 K  nˆ .  
 

 nˆ. B1  B 2  0 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

9. Maxwells Equations
Q1. The x - and z -components of a static magnetic field in a region are Bx  B0 x 2  y 2  
and Bz  0 , respectively. Which of the following solutions for its y -component is

consistent with the Maxwell equations?

(a) By  B0 xy (b) By  2 B0 xy

1 

(c) By   B0 x 2  y 2  (d) By  B0  x3  xy 2 
3 
NET/JRF–(JUNE-2016)
Q2. A current i p flows through the primary coil of a transformer. The graph of i p t  as a

function of time t is shown in the figure below.

i p t 

1 2 3 t
Which of the following graphs represents the current i S in the secondary coil?
is  t  is  t 

(a) (b)
1 2 3 t

1 2 3 t
is  t  is  t 
(c) (d)
1 2 3t

1 2 3t
NET/JRF–(JUNE-2014)

Q3. A circular conducting wire loop is placed close to a solenoid as shown in the figure below.
Also shown is the current through the solenoid as a function of time.
Input current is  t 

t
The magnitude i  t  of the induced current in the wire loop, as a function of time t , is

best represented as

i t  i t 
(a) (b)

t t

i t  i t 

t t

NET/JRF–(DEC-2019)

Q4. A horizontal metal disc rotates about the vertical axis in a uniform magnetic field
pointing up as shown in the figure. A circuit is made by connecting one end A of a
resistor to the centre of the disc and the other end B to its edge through a sliding contact.
The current that flows through the resistor is B
A B

(a) Zero (b) DC from A to B

(c) DC from B to A (d) AC
NET/JRF–(DEC-2013)
Q5. A conducting circular disc of radius r and resistivity  rotates with an angular velocity
 in a magnetic field B perpendicular to it. A voltmeter is connected as shown in the
figure below. Assuming its internal resistance to be infinite, the reading on the voltmeter
(a) Depends on  , B, r and 
B
(b) Depends on  , B and r but not on 
(c) Is zero because the flux through the loop is not
changing
r V
(d) Is zero because a current the flows in the
direction of B
NET/JRF–(DEC-2016)
Q6. A uniform magnetic field in the positive z -direction passes through a circular wire loop
of radius 1 cm and resistance 1  lying in the xy -plane. The field strength is reduced
from 10 tesla to 9 tesla in 1s . The charge transferred across any point in the wire is
approximately
(a) 3.1 104 coulomb (b) 3.4  104 coulomb
(c) 4.2 104 coulomb (d) 5.2 104 coulomb
NET/JRF–(JUNE-2015)

Q7. A magnetic field B is Bzˆ in the region x  0 and zero elsewhere. A rectangular loop, in
the xy -plane, of sides l (along the x -direction) and h (along the y - direction) is
inserted into the x  0 region from the x  0 region at constant velocity v  vxˆ . Which of
the following values of l and h will generate the largest EMF?
(a) l  8, h  3 (b) l  4, h  6 (c) l  6, h  4 (d) l  12, h  2
NET/JRF–(JUNE-2016)
Q8. Consider a solenoid of radius R with n turns per unit length, in which a time dependent
current I  I 0 sin t (where  R / c  1 ) flows. The magnitude of the electric field at a
perpendicular distance r  R from the axis of symmetry of the solenoid, is
1
(a) 0 (b)  0 nI 0 R 2 cos t
2r
1 1
(c)  0 nI 0 r sin t (d)  0 nI 0 r cos t
2 2
NET/JRF–(DEC-2011)
Q9. A parallel plate capacitor is formed by two circular conducting plates of radius a
separated by a distance d , where d  a . It is being slowly charged by a current that is
nearly constant. At an instant when the current is I , the magnetic induction between the
a
plates at a distance from the centre of the plate, is
2
0 I 0 I 0 I 0 I
(a) (b) (c) (d)
a 2 a a 4 a
NET/JRF–(DEC-2016)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

9. Maxwells Equations (Solution)

Ans. 1: (b)


Solution: Bx  B0 x 2  y 2 , Bz  0 
  B By Bz By B
  B  0  x   0   x  2 B0 x  By  2 B0 xy
x y z y x
Ans. 2: (c)
di p
Solution: is  
dt
Ans. 3: (d)
d
Solution: Induced e.m.f   
dt
 dI s
I t   
R dt

So when current I s increases, I  t  will increase and when current I s will decrease

I  t  will decrease.

Ans. 4: (c)
Ans. 5: (b)
Solution: Force experienced by charge is
  

F  q v  B and v  r 
Ans. 6: (a)
d dq  1 d A  r 2
Solution:    I     dq   dB  dB
dt dt R R dt R R

 
2
3.14  102
 q   1  3.14 104 coulomb
1 z
Ans. 7: (b)
h
Solution: m  Bhx l
v
dm
  Bvh  h y
dt

x
[Link]. 40-D, Ground Floor, Jia Sarai, Near IIT, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016
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Website: [Link] | Email: [Link]@[Link]
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Ans. 8: (d)
  
Solution:  E  dl
B
t
 
 da ;  
B   0 nI t zˆ .
 dI
r
2r 2
dt r 0
 E  2r    0 n 2r dr     0 n  I 0 cos t 
2
 1
 E     0 nI 0 r cos t
2
Ans. 9: (d)
  Ir P
Solution: B  0 2 I
2 a r a
 I a
B  0 at r 
4 a 2
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

10. E.M. Waves in Free Space, in dielectrics and in conductors

 
Q1. Let E  x, y, z , t   E0 cos  2 x  3 y  t  , where  is a constant, be the electric field of an

electromagnetic wave travelling in vacuum. Which of the following vectors is a valid


choice for E0 ?

3 3 2 2
(a) iˆ  ˆj (b) iˆ  ˆj (c) iˆ  ˆj (d) iˆ  ˆj
2 2 3 3
NET/JRF (JUNE-2020)
Q2. The wave number k and the angular frequency  of a wave are related by the dispersion
relation  2   k   k 3 where  and  are positive constants. The wave number for
which the phase velocity equals the group velocity, is
  1  1 
(a) 3 (b) (c) (d)
  2  3 
NET/JRF–(JUNE-2019)

Q3. The electric field of an electromagnetic wave is E  iˆ 2 sin  kz  t  Vm 1 . The average

flow of energy per unit area per unit time, due to this wave, is
(a) 27 10 4 W / m 2 (b) 27 10 4 W / m 2

(c) 27 10 2 W / m 2 (d) 27 10 2 W / m 2

NET/JRF–(DEC-2019)
Q4. Consider the interference of two coherent electromagnetic waves whose electric field
 
vectors are given by E1  iˆE 0 cos  t and E 2  ˆjE 0 cos t    where  is the phase

0
difference. The intensity of the resulting wave is given by E 2 , where E 2 is the
2
time average of E 2 . The total intensity is
(a) 0 (b)  0 E 02 (c)  0 E 02 sin 2  (d)  0 E 02 cos 2 

NET/JRF–(DEC-2012)

Q5. A current I is created by a narrow beam of protons moving in vacuum with constant
 
velocity u . The direction and magnitude, respectively of the Poynting vector S outside the
beam at a radial distance r (much larger than the width of the beam) from the axis, are
   I2    I2
(a) S  u and S   (b) S ||  u  and S  
4 2  0 u r 2 4 2  0 u r 4
   I2    I2
(c) S || u and S   (d) S || u and S  
4 2  0 u r 2 4 2  0 u r 4

NET/JRF–(JUNE-2013)
Q6. A Plane electromagnetic wave is travelling along the positive z -direction. The maximum
electric field along the x - direction is 10 V / m . The approximate maximum values of the
power per unit area and the magnetic induction B , respectively, are
(a) 3.3  107 watts / m 2 and 10 tesla
(b) 3.3 107 watts / m 2 and 3.3  108 tesla
(c) 0.265 watts / m 2 and 10 tesla

(d) 0.265 watts / m 2 and 3.3 108 tesla

NET/JRF–(JUNE-2015)
Q7. The electric field of an electromagnetic wave is given by

E  E 0 cos 0.3x  0.4 y  1000t kˆ .

The associated magnetic field B is
(a) 10 3 E 0 cos 0.3 x  0.4 y  1000t kˆ

 
(b) 10 4 E 0 cos 0.3 x  0.4 y  1000t  4iˆ  3 ˆj

(c) E cos 0.3 x  0.4 y  1000t 0.3iˆ  0.4 ˆj 

(d) 10 E cos 0.3 x  0.4 y  1000t 3iˆ  4 ˆj 

2
0

NET/JRF–(DEC-2013)

Q8. An electromagnetic wave is travelling in free space (of permittivity  0 ) with electric field

ˆ cos q  x  ct 
E  kE 0

The average power (per unit area) crossing planes parallel to 4 x  3 y  0 will be
4 1 16
(a)  0 cE02 (b)  0 cE02 (c)  0 cE02 (d)  0 cE02
5 2 25
NET/JRF–(DEC-2017)
Q9. An electromagnetic wave propagates in a nonmagnetic medium with relative permittivity
  4 . The magnetic field for this wave is

H  x, y   kH 
ˆ cos t   x   3 y
0


where H 0 is a constant. The corresponding electric field E  x, y  is

(a)
1
4
  
0 H 0 c  3iˆ  ˆj cos t   x   3 y 
1
  
(b) 0 H 0 c 3iˆ  ˆj cos t   x   3 y
4

1
  
(c) 0 H 0 c 3iˆ  ˆj cos t   x   3 y
4

1
  
(d) 0 H 0 c  3iˆ  ˆj cos t   x   3 y
4

NET/JRF–(DEC-2018)
Q10. A plane electromagnetic wave from within a dielectric medium (with   4 0 and   0 )

is incident on its boundary with air, at z  0 . The magnetic field in the medium is

 
H  ˆjH 0 cos t  kx  k 3 z , where  and k are positive constants.

The angles of reflection and refraction are, respectively,

(a) 450 and 600 (b) 300 and 900 (c) 300 and 600 (d) 600 and 900
NET/JRF–(DEC-2017)

Q11. A plane electromagnetic wave is propagating in a lossless dielectric. The electric field is
given by

 

 
E  x, y, z , t   E0  xˆ  Azˆ  exp ik0 ct  x  3 z  ,

where c is the speed of light in vacuum, E0 , A and k0 are constant and x̂ and ẑ are

unit vectors along the x - and z -axes. The relative dielectric constant of the medium  r
and the constant A are
1 1
(a)  r  4 and A   (b)  r  4 and A  
3 3

(c)  r  4 and A  3 (d)  r  4 and A   3

NET/JRF–(JUNE-2011)
Q12. The permittivity tensor of a uniaxial anisotropic medium, in the standard Cartesian basis,
 4 0 0 0 
 
is  0 4 0 0  where  0 is a constant. The wave number of an electromagnetic
 0 9 0 
 0

plane wave polarized along the x -direction, and propagating along the y -direction in
this medium (in terms of the wave number k0 of the wave in vacuum) is

(a) 4k0 (b) 2k0 (c) 9k0 (d) 3k0

NET/JRF–(JUNE-2019)
Q13. Suppose that free charges are present in a material of dielectric constant  10 and
resistivity   1011   m . Using Ohm’s law and the equation of continuity for charge, the
1
time required for the charge density inside the material to decay by is closest to
e
(a) 106 S (b) 106 S (c) 1012 S (d) 10 S
NET/JRF–(DEC-2016)

Q14. A beam of light of frequency  is reflected from a dielectric-metal interface at normal

incidence. The refractive index of the dielectric medium is n and that of the metal is
n 2  n1  i  . If the beam is polarised parallel to the interface, then the phase change
experienced by the light upon reflection is
(a) tan 2 /   (b) tan 1 1 /   (c) tan 1 2 /   (d) tan 1 2  
NET/JRF–(JUNE-2014)
Q15. An electromagnetically-shielded room is designed so that at a frequency   10 7 rad/s
the intensity of the external radiation that penetrates the room is 1% of the incident

 10 6 m  is the conductivity of the shielding material, its

1 1
radiation. If  
2
minimum thickness should be (given that ln 10  2.3 )
(a) 4.60 mm (b) 2.30 mm (c) 0.23 mm (d) 0.46 mm
NET/JRF–(JUNE-2014)
Q16. The electric field of a plane wave in a conducting medium is given by

ˆ 0 e  z / 3a cos  z  t  ,
E  z , t   iE  
 3a 
where  is the angular frequency and a  0 is a constant. The phase difference between
 
the magnetic field B and the electric field E is
   
(a) 300 and B lags behind B (b) 300 and B lags behind E
   
(c) 600 and E lags behind B (d) 600 and B lags behind E
NET/JRF–(JUNE-2018)
Q17. The electric and magnetic fields in the charge free region z  0 are given by
 
E  r , t   E0 e  k1z cos  k2 x  t  ˆj
  E
B  r , t   0 e  k1z  k1 sin  k2 x  t  iˆ  k2 cos  k2 x  t  kˆ 
  
where  , k1 and k2 are positive constants. The average energy flow in the x -direction is
E02 k2 2 k1z E02 k2 2 k1 z E02 k1 2 k1z 1
(a) e (b) e (c) e (d)c 0 E02 e 2 k1 z
20 0 20 2
NET/JRF–(JUNE-2015)

[Link]. 40-D, Ground Floor, Jia Sarai, Near IIT, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016
Phone: 011-26865455/+91-9871145498
Website: [Link] | Email: [Link]@[Link]
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Q18. An electromagnetic wave (of wavelength 0 in free space) travels through an absorbing
I
medium with dielectric permittivity given by    R  i I where  3 . If the skin
R
0
depth is , the ratio of the amplitude of electric field E to that of the magnetic field B ,
4
in the medium (in ohms) is
(a) 120  (b) 377 (c) 30 2  (d) 30 
NET/JRF–(JUNE-2017)
Q19. The charge distribution inside a material of conductivity  and permittivity  at initial
time t  0 is   r , 0   0 , a constant. At subsequent times   r , t  is given by

 t  1    t 
(a) 0 exp    (b) 0 1  exp   
  2    
0 t
(c) (d) 0 cosh
   t  
1  exp    
  
NET/JRF–(JUNE-2017)
Q20. The electric field of an electromagnetic wave is

E  z , t   E0 cos  kz  t  iˆ  2 E0 sin  kz  t  ˆj

where  and k are positive constants. This represents

(a) A linearly polarised wave travelling in the positive z -direction
(b) A circularly polarised wave travelling in the negative z -direction
(c) An elliptically polarised wave travelling in the negative z -direction
(d) An unpolarised wave travelling in the positive z -direction
NET/JRF–(DEC-2016)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[Link]. 40-D, Ground Floor, Jia Sarai, Near IIT, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016
Phone: 011-26865455/+91-9871145498
Website: [Link] | Email: [Link]@[Link]
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Institute for NET/JRF, GATE, IIT‐JAM, [Link]. Entrance, JEST, TIFR and GRE in Physics

10. E.M. Waves in Free Space, in dielectrics and in conductors (Solution)

Ans. 1: (d)

Solution: K  2 xˆ  3 yˆ
   2
K  E  0  E0  xˆ  yˆ
3
Ans. 2: (b)
Solution:  2   k   k 3

d d    3 k 2
2    3 k 
2
 (1)
dk dk 2

also .    k2 (2)
k
divide (1) and (2)
d / dk   3 k 2 1
 
  / k  2   k2
d 
 
dk k

 2  2  k 2    3 k 2     k 2  k 

Ans. 3: (b)
 E /t 1
Solution: S   I  0 E02 c
A 2
1
 2   3 10
2
 I   8.86 1012 8
 I  27 104 W / m 2
2
Ans. 4: (a)
Solution: Since waves are polarized in perpendicular direction hence there will be no
interference.
Ans. 5: (c)
Solution: Let charge per unit length be  , hence I   u in z -direction.
0 I ˆ
The magnetic field at a distance r is B  .
2r

 I
The electric field at a distance r is E  rˆ  rˆ .
2 0 r 2 0 ur

EB I2
Hence Poynting vector S   zˆ
0 4 2  0 ur 2
Ans. 6: (d)
P 1 1
 c 0 E02   3 108  8.86 1012  10   0.132 W / m 2
2
Solution: E0  10V / m, I 
A 2 2
E0 10
B0    3.3  108 Tesla
c 3 108
Ans. 7: (b)

Solution: k    0.3xˆ  0.4 yˆ  ,   1000 
kE
 0.3 xˆ  0.4 yˆ   E 0 cos 0.3x  0.4 y  1000t kˆ
1
B 
 
 B  10 4 E 0 cos 0.3x  0.4 y  1000t  4iˆ  3 ˆj  
Ans. 8: (c)
x y y
Solution: 4 x  3 y  0   0 n̂
3 4
 E 4
B   0 cos  qx  qct  yˆ 
c B 90  
 1   1    
 
2
E E
S EB   E0  0 cos 2   xˆ  S  xˆ 0

x
0 0  c  2 0 c K 3

 E2 E2 2
I  S .nˆ  0 cos  90     0 sin   c 0 E02
E
2 0 c 2 0 c 5 z

4 4
 tan    sin  
3 5
1
I  0.4c 0 E02  c 0 E02
2
Ans. 9: (a)


Solution: E  v Kˆ  Bˆ 

 K  xˆ   3 yˆ 1 3
K   xˆ   3 yˆ  K   
ˆ  xˆ  yˆ
K  2  3 2 2 2

c  xˆ  3 yˆ 
E 
r  2

 0 H 0 cos t   x   3 y zˆ  

c 0 H 0 
E
2 4 
  
 yˆ  3 xˆ cos t   x  3 y 
 
E
1
4
  
c0 H 0  3 xˆ  yˆ cos t   x   3 y 
Ans. 10: (b) z n  r
Solution: n  r
 y
I
k  kxˆ  k 3 zˆ
sin  I n2 1 Dielectric n1  4  2
  x
sin T n1 2 n2  1
Air T
kx 1
sin T  2sin  I   tan  I 
  I  300
kz 3
 sin T  2  sin 30  1  T  90
0 0

Ans. 11: (a)


 
Solution: E  x, y, z , t   E 0  xˆ  Azˆ  exp ik 0  ct  x  3 z .  
 

Comparing with term e i k r t   k  k 0 xˆ  3 zˆ and   k 0 c .

 k0c c
Since v     Refractive index n   r  2   r  4.
k k 02  3k 02 2

  
Since k  nˆ  0  k 0 xˆ  3 zˆ   xˆ  Azˆ   0  k 0 1  A 3  0  A    1
3
Ans. 12: (b)
  
Solution: k0  ,k  n r
c c c
Where r  4

 
k  4 2  2 k0
c c

Ans. 13: (d)

t
 0r 8.8 1012  10 1
Solution:  f  t    f  0  e  ;    ,  10sec ,  
  10 11

Ans. 14: (c)
 1     v c/n
Solution: Since E 0 R    E0 I where   1   1  i

 1   v2 c / n 1  i  

 i      ei /2     i /2   

 E 0 R    0 I 
E   E 0 I   e E0 I where tan   .
 2  i     
 4  e   4   2
2 i 2

2 2
Thus phase change     / 2     tan   cot      tan 1  
 
Ans. 15: (b)
1  I0 
Solution: I  I 0 e 2 z  z 
2  I 
ln

I0  1 1
where  100,     106  4  107  107  103
I 2 2 2
1
z ln 100   2.30 mm
2  103
Ans. 16: (b)
 
Solution: E  z , t   iE
ˆ 0 e  z cos  kz  t   E  and B  z , t   ˆjB0 e  z cos  kz  t   E   

 
where   tan 1   .
k

ˆ 0 e  z / 3a cos  z  t     1 and k  1
 E  z , t   iE  
 3a  3a 3a

 1 
   tan 1    30
0

 3
Ans. 17: (a)
 1   E 2 e 2 k1 z 
Solution: S 
0

EB  0 
0  1
 
k cos  sin   kˆ  k2 cos 2  iˆ  , where   k2 x  t

 k E 2 e 2 k1 z E02 k2 2 k1 z
 S  2 0  e
2 0 20

Ans. 18: (d)

1 0 I 
Solution: d   ,  3
 4 R 
1/ 2
       4 2 4
2

 1  
         
  
1
2    2 0  0
 
1/ 2
   
2

K  k       1  
2 2

     
 
E0   1 1
   
42 
1/ 2
B0 K     
2
2 
2

   1    0
    
 
    2 c / 0 c E c
 0  0    0
8 8 4 H0 4

E 4  107  3  108
   30
H0 4
Ans. 19: (a)
       
Solution: J f   E , .E  f , .J f   f
 E
    
 .E   f  f    f
t t 
     
  f  t   0 exp   f    f  t   0 exp  t
     
Ans. 20: (c)
Solution: Amplitude along iˆ is E0 and along ĵ is 2 E0 . So resultant wave is elliptically
polarised
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

11. Reflection and Transmission at an Interface

Q1. A plane electromagnetic wave incident normally on the surface of a material is partially
reflected. Measurements on the standing wave in the region in front of the interface such
that the ratio of the electric field amplitude at the maxima and the minima is 5. The ratio
of the reflected intensity to the incident intensity is
(a) 4 / 9 (b) 2 / 3 (c) 2 / 5 (d) 1 / 5
NET/JRF–(DEC-2014)
Q2. A beam of unpolarized light in a medium with dielectric constant 1 is reflected from a

plane interface formed with another medium of dielectric constant 2  3 1 . The two

media have identical magnetic permeability. If the angle of incidence is 600 , then the
reflected light
(a) Is plane polarized perpendicular to the plane of incidence
(b) Is plane polarized parallel to the plane of incidence
(c) Is circularly polarized
(d) Has the same polarization as the incident light
NET/JRF–(DEC-2015)

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

11. Reflection and Transmission at an Interface (Solution)

Ans. 1: (a)
E0 I  E0 R E 2
Solution:  5  E0 I  E0 R  5  E0 I  E0 R   6 E0 R  4 E0 I  0 R 
E0 I  E0 R E0 I 3
2
I E  4
 R   0R  
I I  E0 I  9

Ans. 2: (a)
n  I
Solution:  B  tan 1  2  1
 n1 
2
 2 
 B  tan 1 
  
  tan
1
 3
 1
  B  600 (hence reflected light is plane polarized perpendicular to plane of incidence))
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

12. Waveguide and Potential Formulation

Q1. A hollow waveguide supports transverse electric TE  modes with the dispersion

1
relation k   2  mn
2
, where mn is the mode frequency. The speed of flow of
c
electromagnetic energy at the mode frequency is
(a) c (b) mn / k (c) 0 (d) 
NET/JRF–(JUNE-2018)
Q2. A waveguide has a square cross-section of side 2a . For the TM modes of wave vector k ,
the transverse electromagnetic modes are obtained in terms of a function   x, y  which

obeys the equation

 2 2   2 2

 2  2   2  k    x, y   0
 x y  c 

with the boundary condition    a, y     x,  a   0 . The frequency  of the lowest

mode is given by
 4 2   2 
(a)  2  c 2  k 2  2  (b)  2  c 2  k 2  2 
 a   a 

 2 2   2 2 
(c)   c  k  2 
2 2
(d)   c  k  2 
2 2

 2a   4a 

NET/JRF–(JUNE-2016)
Q3. The magnetic field of the TE11 mode of a rectangular waveguide of dimensions a  b as

shown in the figure is given by H z  H 0 cos  0.3  x  cos  0.4  y  , where x and y
x
are in cm.
a
z
b
y
The dimensions of the waveguide are
(a) a  3.33 cm, b  2.50 cm (b) a  0.40 cm, b  0.30 cm
(c) a  0.80 cm, b  0.60 cm (d) a  1.66 cm, b  1.25 cm
NET/JRF–(JUNE-2011)

Q4. The magnetic field of the TE11 mode of a rectangular waveguide of dimensions a  b as

shown in the figure is given by H z  H 0 cos  0.3  x  cos  0.4  y  , where x and y

are in cm. x
a
z
b
y

NET/JRF–(JUNE-2011)
The entire range of frequencies f for which the TE11 mode will propagate is

(a) 6.0 GHz  f  12.0 GHz (b) 7.5 GHz  f  9.0 GHz
(c) 7.5 GHz  f  12.0 GHz (d) 7.5GHz  f
Q5. Consider a rectangular wave guide with transverse dimensions 2 m 1 m driven with an

angular frequency   109 rad / s . Which transverse electric TE  modes will propagate

in this wave guide?

(a) TE10 , TE01 and TE20 (b) TE01 , TE11 and TE20

NET/JRF–(JUNE-2015)
Q6. A metallic wave guide of square cross-section of side L is excited by an electromagnetic
wave of wave-number k . The group velocity of the TE11 mode is

ckL c
(a) (b) k 2 L2  2 2
k L 
2 2 2 kL

c ckL
(c) k 2 L2   2 (d)
kL k 2 L2  2 2

NET/JRF–(DEC-2019)

Q7. Consider an infinite conducting sheet in the xy -plane with a time dependent current

density Kt iˆ , where K is a constant. The vector potential at  x, y , z  is given

0 K 
by A  ct  z 2 iˆ . The magnetic field B is
4c
 0 Kt ˆ  0 Kz ˆ 0 K 0 K
(a) j (b)  j (c)  ct  z iˆ (d)  ct  z  ˆj
2 2c 2c 2c
NET/JRF–(DEC-2012)
Q8. A constant electric current I in an infinitely long straight wire is suddenly switched on at
t  0 . The vector potential at a perpendicular distance r from the wire is given

by A 
kˆ 0 I  1
2

ln  ct  c 2 t 2  r 2
r
 . The electric field at a distance r   ct  is
0 I 1 ˆ ˆ
(a) 0 (b)
2 t 2
i  j 
c 0 I c 0 I
(c) 
1 ˆ ˆ
i j  (d)  kˆ
2 c t  r
2 2 2
2 2 c t  r
2 2 2

NET/JRF–(DEC-2011)
 
Q9. The electric field E and the magnetic field B corresponding to the scalar and vector
 1
potentials, V  x, y, z , t   0 and A  x, y, z , t   kˆ0 A0  ct  x  , where A0 is a constant,
2
are
  1  1  1
(a) E  0 and B  ˆj 0 A0 (b) E   kˆ0 A0 c and B  ˆj 0 A0
2 2 2
  1  1  1
(c) E  0 and B   iˆ0 A0 (d) E  kˆ0 A0 c and B   iˆ0 A0
2 2 2
NET/JRF–(JUNE-2018)
Q10. The components of a vector potential A   A0 , A1 , A2 , A3  are given by

A  k  xyz, yzt , zxt , xyt 

where k is a constant. The three components of the electric field are

(a) k  yz , zx, xy  (b) k  x, y, z  (c) 0, 0, 0  (d) k  xt , yt , zt 
NET/JRF–(JUNE-2013)

[Link]. 40-D, Ground Floor, Jia Sarai, Near IIT, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016
Phone: 011-26865455/+91-9871145498
Website: [Link] | Email: [Link]@[Link]
3
fiziks
Institute for NET/JRF, GATE, IIT‐JAM, [Link]. Entrance, JEST, TIFR and GRE in Physics

Q11. A time-dependent current I t   Ktzˆ (where K is a constant) is switched on at t  0 in
an infinite current-carrying wire. The magnetic vector potential at a perpendicular
distance a from the wire is given (for time t  a / c ) by

 0 K c t a  K
2 2 2
ct  a 2  z 2
ct
t
4 c  c t  a  dz a
(a) zˆ dz (b) zˆ 0
2 2 a 2  z 2 1 / 2
2
4  ct
2
 z2  1/ 2

c 2t 2  a 2
 K ct ct  a 2  z 2  K t
(c) zˆ 0  dz (d) zˆ 0  dz
4 c ct a 2  z 2 1 / 2 4  c 2t 2  a 2 a 2
 z2 
1/ 2

NET/JRF–(JUNE-2014)
   
Q12. For constant uniform electric and magnetic field E  E 0 and B  B0 , it is possible to

choose a gauge such that the scalar potential  and vector potential A are given by
 1      1  
(a)   0 and A  B0  r
2
  (b)    E 0  r and A  B0  r
2
 
    
(c)    E0  r and A  0 (d)   0 and A   E 0 t

NET/JRF–(JUNE-2011)

Q13. If the electric and magnetic fields are unchanged when the potential A changes (in
  
suitable units) according to A  A  r̂ , where r  r t r̂ , then the scalar potential  must
simultaneously change to
(a)   r (b)   r (c)    r /  t (d)    r /  t
NET/JRF–(JUNE-2013)

Q14.    
Let V , A and V , A denote two sets of scalar and vector potentials, and  is a scalar
function. Which of the following transformations leave the electric and magnetic fields
(and hence Maxwell’s equations) unchanged?
 
(a) A  A   and V   V  (b) A  A   and V   V  2
t t
 
(c) A  A   and V   V  (d) A  A   and V   V 
t t
NET/JRF–(DEC-2013)

[Link]. 40-D, Ground Floor, Jia Sarai, Near IIT, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016
Phone: 011-26865455/+91-9871145498
Website: [Link] | Email: [Link]@[Link]
4
fiziks
Institute for NET/JRF, GATE, IIT‐JAM, [Link]. Entrance, JEST, TIFR and GRE in Physics
 
Q15.    
Which of the following transformations V , A  V ', A ' of the electrostatic potential

V and the vector potential A is a gauge transformation?
   

(a) V   V  ax, A  A  at kˆ  
(b) V   V  ax, A  A  at kˆ 
   

(c) V   V  ax, A  A  at iˆ  
(d) V   V  ax, A  
A  at iˆ
NET/JRF–(JUNE-2015)

Q16. The vector potential A  ke  at rrˆ (where a and k are constants) corresponding to an

electromagnetic field is changed to A   ke  at rrˆ . This will be a gauge transformation if
the corresponding change     in the scalar potential is

(a) akr 2e  at (b) 2akr 2 e at (c) akr 2e  at (d) 2akr 2e at

NET/JRF–(JUNE-2017)
Q17. The frequency dependent dielectric constant of a material is given by
A
    1  2
0   2  i
where A is a positive constant, 0 is the resonant frequency and  is the damping
coefficient. For an electromagnetic wave of angular frequency   0 , which of the

following is true? (Assume that  1 ).
0
(a) There is negligible absorption of the wave
(b) The wave propagation is highly dispersive
(c) There is strong absorption of the electromagnetic wave
(d) The group velocity and the phase velocity will have opposite sign
NET/JRF–(DEC-2015)
Q18. Electromagnetic wave of angular frequency  is propagating in a medium in which, over
2
 
a band of frequencies the refractive index is n    1    , where 0 is a constant.
 0 
v 
The ratio g of the group velocity to the phase velocity at   0 is
vp 2
1 2
(a) 3 (b) (c) (d) 2
4 3
NET/JRF–(DEC-2018)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

12. Waveguide and Potential Formulation (Solution)

Ans. 1: (c)
Solution: Energy carried by the wave travels at the group velocity

d  
2

vg   c 1   mn  at   mn , vg  0
dk   
Ans. 2: (c)
Solution: c 2 k 2   2  mn
2
  2  c 2 k 2  mn
2

 m2 n2   1 1 
 mn
2
 c 2 2  2  2   112  c 2 2   
  2a   2a  
2 2
a b 

1 c 2 2 2 2 2 
 112  c 2 2     2
 c  k  
2a 2 2a 2  2a 2 

Ans. 3: (a)
Solution: Since H z  H 0 cos  0.3 x  cos  0.4 y 

m n
  0.3 where m  1 and  0.4 where n  1
a b
 a  3.33cm, b  2.50cm
Ans. 4: (d)
Solution: Since H z  H 0 cos  0.3 x  cos  0.4 y 

m n
  0.3 where m  1 and  0.4 where n  1
a b
 a  3.33cm, b  2.50cm
2 2
c m n c 1 1
f m, n        f1, 1    7.5 GHz
2  a  b 2 a 2 b2
For propagation, frequency of incident wave must be greater than cutoff frequency.
Ans. 5: (a)

m2 n2
Solution: mn  C 
a 2 b2

c 3 108  3.14
10    4.71108 rod / sec
a 2
c 3 108  3.14
01    9.42 108 rod / sec
b 1
1 1
11  c 2
 2  10.53 108 rod / sec
a b
2c
20   9.72 108 rod / sec
a
4 4
22  c   10.5  108 rod / sec
a 2 b2
Since   10 , 01 , 20
Ans. 6: (d)

 K 2  2  2  mn 
1 1
Solution: K   2  mn
2 2

c c

m2 n2
  2  c 2 K 2  mn
2
where mn  c 
a 2 b2
2c 2 c
  2  c2 K 2   11  2
L2 L
d d K
 2  c 2  2 K  vg   c2
dK dK 
c 2 2 2 2c 2 2
  2  c2 K 2  2   c 2

L2 K2 K 2 L2

 2c 2  2 c2 cKL
  c2   vg   vg 
K K 2 L2 2c 2  2 K 2 L2  2 2
c2 
K 2 L2
Ans. 7: (d)
Ax  K
Solution: B    A  yˆ =  0 ct  z  ˆj
z 2c

Ans. 8: (d)
 
 A A   I r 1  2c 2 t 
  .
Solution: E   
t

t
E 0

2 ct  c 2 t 2  r 2   
 r 
c 
2 c 2t 2  r 2


  c 0 I
E kˆ
2 c t  r
2 2 2

Ans. 9: (b) 
 A 1  1
Solution: E     0 A0  c  0   kˆ   0 A0 ckˆ
t 2  2
xˆ yˆ zˆ
      A A  1
B   A   xˆ z  yˆ z  B  0 A0 ˆj
x y z y x 2
0 0 Az
Ans. 10: (c)
Solution: A   , Ax , Ay , Az     kxyz, Ax  kyzt , Ay  kzxt , Az  kxyt

A
Since   k  yzxˆ  xzyˆ  xyzˆ  and  k  yzxˆ  xzyˆ  xyzˆ 
  t
 A
E     k  yzxˆ  xzyˆ  xyzˆ   k  yzxˆ  xzyˆ  xyzˆ   0  E  0,0,0 
t
Ans. 11: (a)
I
  
I  tr   
K t  R / c 
 
Solution: A  zˆ 0 dz  zˆ 0 dz dz
4 
R 4 
R z R
 0 K c t  a
2 2 2
ct  a 2  z 2 P
4 c  c2t 2 a2
 A  zˆ dz a
 
1/2
a2  z2

Ans. 12: (a)

 
Solution: Let E  E 0  xˆ  yˆ  zˆ  and B  B0  xˆ  yˆ  zˆ  since they are constant vector.
  
Lorentz Gauge condition is   A   0 0
t
 

since B  r  B0  z  y  xˆ  B0  z  x  yˆ  B0  y  x  zˆ 
     
(a)  0 and   A  0 (b)  0, and   A  0
t t
     
(c)  0 and   A  0 (d)  0 and   A  0
t t

Ans. 13: (c)

Solution: A  A    A  rˆ    /  r  1    r  C
V  V   / t V   r / t
Ans. 14: (a)
Ans. 15: (d)
 
Solution: V   V     ax    axt  c
t t
  
   atiˆ  0 . Thus, A  A  atxˆ
Ans. 16: (c)
Solution: Gauge Transformation
       
A  A   ,       A'  A  2ke  at rrˆ    rˆ
t r

   ke  at r 2   kae  at r 2
t

  '     kae  at r 2
t
Ans. 17: (a)
Solution: When   0 , there is negligible absorption of the wave.
Ans. 18: (a)
2
Solution: n  1 
02

c 2 / 4 3 4c
n  1  0 2   vp 
vp 0 4 3

ck 2 3
n  1  kc   
 02 02

dk 3 2 2 / 4 1 3 1 d
 .c  1  2  1  3 0 2    vg   4c
d 0 0 4 4 dk

vg 4c
Thus,  3
vp 4c / 3

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

13. Radiation from moving Charges


Q1. When a charged particle emits electromagnetic radiation, the electric field E and the
 1   1 1
Poynting vector S  E  B at a larger distance r from emitter vary as n and m
0 r r
respectively. Which of the following choices for n and m are correct?
(a) n  1 and m  1 (b) n  2 and m  2
(c) n  1 and m  2 (d) n  2 and m  4
NET/JRF–(DEC-2012)

Q2. A non-relativistic particle of mass m and charge e , moving with a velocity v and

acceleration a , emits radiation of intensity I . What is the intensity of the radiation
 
emitted by a particle of mass m / 2 , charge 2e , velocity v / 2 and acceleration 2a ?
(a) 16 I (b) 8 I (c) 4 I (d) 2 I
NET/JRF–(DEC-2014)
Q3. An electron is decelerated at a constant rate starting from an initial velocity u (where
u  c ) to u / 2 during which it travels a distance s . The amount of energy lost to
radiation is
0 e 2u 2 0 e 2u 2 0 e 2u 0 e 2u
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 mc 2 s 6 mc 2 s 8 mcs 16 mcs
NET/JRF–(JUNE-2017)
Q4. In the region far from a source, the time dependent electric field at a point  r ,  ,   is

  sin     r 
E  r ,  ,    ˆ E0 2   cos   t   
 r    c 
where  is angular frequency of the source. The total power radiated (averaged over a
cycle) is
2 E02 4 4 E02 4 4 E02 4 2 E02 4
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 0 c 3 0 c 3 0 c 3 0 c
NET/JRF–(JUNE-2018)

[Link]. 40-D, Ground Floor, Jia Sarai, Near IIT, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016
Phone: 011-26865455/+91-9871145498
Website: [Link] | Email: [Link]@[Link]
1
fiziks
Institute for NET/JRF, GATE, IIT‐JAM, [Link]. Entrance, JEST, TIFR and GRE in Physics

Q5. A dipole of moment p , oscillating at frequency  , radiates spherical waves. The vector
potential at large distance is
   eikr 
A  r   0 i p
4 r
1  
To order   the magnetic field B at a point r  rnˆ is
r
0  2  eikr 0 2  eikr
(a)    nˆ
ˆ
n  p (b)   ˆ
n  p 
4 C r 4 C r
0 2   eikr   e
2 ikr
(c)   k  nˆ  p  p (d)  0 p
4 r 4 C r
NET/JRF–(DEC-2015)
Q6. An oscillating current I t   I 0 exp it  flows in the direction of the y -axis through a

thin metal sheet of area 1.0 cm 2 kept in the xy -plane. The rate of total energy radiated
per unit area from the surfaces of the metal sheet at a distance of 100 m is


(a) I 0 / 12 0 c 3  
(b) I 02 2 / 12 0 c 3
(c) I 02 3 / 12 0 c3  (d) I 02 4 / 12 c 
0
3

NET/JRF–(JUNE-2013)
Q7. An alternating current I  t   I 0 cos t  flows through a circular wire loop of radius R ,
 
lying in the xy -plane, and centered at the origin. The electric field E  r , t  and the
   c  
magnetic field B  r , t  are measured at a point r such that r   R , where r  r .

Which one of the following statements is correct?
  1
(a) The time-averaged E  r , t   2
r
 
(b) The time-averaged E  r , t    2
 
(c) The time-averaged B  r , t  as a function of the polar angle  has a minimum at


2
 
(d) B  r , t  is along the azimuthal direction

NET/JRF–(DEC-2019)

Q8. A particle with charge q moves with a uniform angular velocity  in a circular orbit of
radius a in the xy - plane, around a fixed charge  q , which is at the centre of the orbit at

 0, 0, 0  . Let the intensity of radiation at the point  0, 0, R  be I1 and at  2 R, 0, 0  be ‘ I 2

I2
The ratio for R  a , is
I1
1 1
(a) 4 (b) (c) (d) 8
4 8
NET/JRF–(DEC-2016)
Q9. The phase difference between two small oscillating electric dipoles, separated by a
distance d , is  . If the wavelength of the radiation is  , the condition for constructive
interference between the two dipolar radiations at a point P when r  d (symbols are as
shown in the figure and n is an integer) is
P

r

O

d
 1
(a) d sin    n    (b) d sin   n
 2

 1
(c) d cos   n (d) d cos    n   
 2
NET/JRF–(DEC-2019)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

13. Radiation from moving Charges (Solution)

Ans. 1: (c)
Ans. 2: (a)
q 2 a 2 sin 2  I 2 q22 a22 I 2 4e 2  4 a 2
Solution:  I    2 2   16  I 2  16 I
r2 I1 q1 a1 I e2 a 2
Ans. 3: (d)
0 q 2 a 2
Solution: Total power radiated P 
6 c
0e 2 a 2  e2 a 2 u
Total energy radiated in time t is E  P  t  t  0 
6 c 6 c 2a
 u u 
 v  u  at  2  u  at  t  2a 

0 e2 au
E
12 c
E 2E
Fraction of initial K .E. lost due to radiation  
1
mu 2 mu 2
2
2 0e 2 au 0 e2 a
  
mu 2 12 c 6 mcu
 1 2 u 1 u2 u 2 u 2 3u 2 3u 2 
           
8s 
s ut at u a a
 2 2a 2 4 a 2 2 a 8a 8a

0 e2 3u 2  e 2u
   0
6 mcu 8s 16 mcs
Ans. 4: (b)
E
Solution: B 
c
 1 E 2 E02 4 Sm2   r 
S  E .B   cos 2   t   
0 0 c 0 c r 2
  c 
 1 E02 4 sin 2 
S 
2 0 c r 2

  E 2 4  2
sin 2  2
P   S .da  0  r sin  d d
S
2 0 c 0 0
r2

E02 4 4 4 E02 4
P   2 
2 0 c 3 3 0 c
Ans. 5: (b)
 
Solution: Let p  pzˆ , then B must be in ˆ direction.

Check nˆ  p  rˆ  zˆ  ˆ . So, correct option is (b).
Ans. 6: (d)
Ans. 7: (b)
  
Solution: We know that S   4 and E   2 , B   2

Ans. 8: (c)
I 2 r13 R3 1
Solution:  3 
I1 r2  2 R  3
8

Ans. 9: (a)
Solution: Since dipole are in opposite direction, initial phase P
change will be  . r1
2 2 r r2
Thus,       (path difference)   d sin  
   d
sin 
2  1  2
 2n    d sin   d sin    n    d O d
  2
2 2
d d
( n  0,1, 2,.... ) r1  r  sin  , r2  r  sin 
2 2
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

14. Interference, Diffraction, Polarisation

Q1. A monochromatic and linearly polarized light is used in a Young’s double slit experiment.
A linear polarizer, whose pass axis is at an angle 450 to the polarization of the incident
wave, is placed in front of one of the slits. If I max and I min , respectively, denote the

maximum and minimum intensities of the interference pattern on the screen, the visibility,
I max  I min
defined as the ratio , is
I max  I min

2 2 2 2 2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 3 3 3
NET/JRF–(DEC-2018)
Q2. In a Young’s double slit interference experiment, the slits are at a distance 2L from each
other and the screen is at a distance D from the slits. If a glass slab of refractive index 
and thickness d is placed in the path of one of the beams, the minimum value of d for
the central fringe to be dark is
D D
(a) (b)
  1 D L 2 2   1L
 
(c) (d)
  1 2  1
NET/JRF–(DEC-2011)

Q3. A screen has two slits, each of width w with their centres at a distance 2w apart. It is
illuminated by a monochromatic plane wave travelling along the x -axis. The intensity of
the interference pattern, measured on a distant screen, at an angle
n
 to the x -axis is
w
w
(a) Zero for n  1, 2,3... 
w x
(b) Maximum for n  1, 2,3...
1 3 5 w
(c) Maximum for n  , , ...
2 2 2
(d) Zero for n  0 only
NET/JRF–(DEC-2016)

Q4. The following figure shows the intensity of the interference pattern in the Young’s
double-slit experiment with two slits of equal width is observed on a distant screen

5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
Distance
If the separation between the slits is doubled and the width of each of the slits is halved,
then the new interference pattern is best represented by

(a) (b)

5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
Distance Distance

NET/JRF (JUNE-2020)

Q5. The following configuration of three identical narrow slits are illuminated by
monochromatic light of wavelength  (as shown in the figure below). The intensity is
measured at an angle  (where  is the angle with the incident beam) at a large distance
2 d
from the slits. If   sin  , the intensity is proportional to

1 d
(a) 2 cos   2 cos 2 (b) 3  sin 2 3
 2

1 
(c) 3  2 cos   2 cos 2  2 cos 3 (d) 2  sin 2 3 2d
 2

NET/JRF–(JUNE-2018)
Q6. The figure describes the arrangement of slits and screens in a Young’s double slit
experiment. The width of the slit in S1 is a and the

slits in S2 are of negligible width. S1 S2

If the wavelength of the light is  , the value of d

screen
for which the screen would be dark is  b
2 2
a b a
(a) b    1 (b)   1
 2  d
2
ab ab
(c)   (d)
2  
NET/JRF–(JUNE-2017)
Q7. A parallel beam of light of wavelength  is incident normally on a thin polymer film
with air on both sides. If the film has a refractive index n  1 , then second-order bright
fringes can be observed in reflection when the thickness of the film is
(a)  / 4n (b)  / 2n (c) 3 / 4n (d)  / n
NET/JRF–(DEC-2014)

Q8. A pair of parallel glass plates separated by a distance d is illuminated by white light as
shown in the figure below. Also shown in the graph of the intensity of the reflected light
I as a function of the wavelength  recorded by a spectrometer.
1
spectrometer
0.8

Intensity
partially incident 0.6
reflecting mirror white light 0.4
0.2
0
d air gap 490 500 510 520 530
glass plates    m
Assuming that the interference takes place only between light reflected by the bottom
surface of the top plate and the top surface of bottom plate, the distance d is closest to
(a) 12  m (b) 24  m (c) 60  m (d) 120  m
NET/JRF–(DEC-2016)
Q9. Two coherent plane electromagnetic waves of wavelength 0.5  m (both have the same
amplitude and are linearly polarized along the z -direction) fall on the y  0 plane. Their
wave vectors k1 and k1 are as shown in the figure
y
 
k1 k 2

 

If the angle  is 30o , the fringe spacing of the interference pattern produced on the plane
is
(a) 1.0 m (b) 0.29  m (c) 0.58  m (d) 0.5  m
NET/JRF–(JUNE-2019)

Q10. Consider three polarizer’s P1 , P2 and P3 placed along an axis as shown in the figure.

P1 P2 P3
(unpolarized) 
I0

The pass axis of P1 and P3 are at right angles to each other while the pass axis of P2

makes an angle  with that of P1 . A beam of unpolarized light of intensity I 0 is incident

on P1 as shown. The intensity of light emerging from P3 is

I0 I0 I0
(a) 0 (b) (c) sin 2 2 (d) sin 2 2
2 8 4
NET/JRF–(DEC-2011)
Q11. An electromagnetic wave is incident on a water-air interface. The phase of the
perpendicular component of the electric field, E  , of the reflected wave into the water is
found to remain the same for all angles of incidence. The phase of the magnetic field H
(a) does not change (b) changes by 3 / 2
(c) changes by  / 2 (d) changes by 
NET/JRF–(JUNE-2012)
Q12. Circularly polarized light with intensity I0 is incident normally on a glass prism as shown
in the figure. The index of refraction of glass is 1.5. The intensity I of light emerging
from the prism is
45o

90o 45o

I
(a) I0 (b) 0.96 I0 (c) 0.92 I0 (d) 0.88 I0
NET/JRF–(JUNE-2011)

Q13. A double slit interference experiment uses a laser emitting light of two adjacent
frequencies  1 and  2  1   2  . The minimum path difference between the interfering
beams for which the interference pattern disappears is
c c c c
(a) (b) (c) (d)
 2  1  2  1 2  2  1  2  2  1 

NET/JRF–(JUNE-2014)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

14. Interference, Diffraction, Polarisation (Solution)

Ans. 1: (b)
y
  A  xˆ  yˆ  it i E2
ˆ 0 eit ;
Solution: E1  xA E2  0 e A0
2 2 A0 cos 45 
2
   
  
x
I  E1  E2  E1*  E2* E1 A0
 2  2    
 I  E1  E2  E1  E2*  E2  E1*

A02 A02 i A02 i A02 A02 ei  e  i 3 A02

A  2
0  1  1  e  e  I  A0 
2
   A02 cos 
4 2 2 2 2 2 2
5 A02 A2 I I 2
I max  , I min  0  V  max min 
2 2 I max  I min 3
Ans. 2: (d)
Solution: Optical Path difference introduced by the glass slab     1 d

If the central bright fringe is replaced by the nearby first order dark fringe then
corresponding

change in path difference 
2
 
For central fringe to be dark,    1 d  d 
2 2    1

Ans. 3: (a)
n
Solution: Given    w  n which is similar to single slit diffraction condition for
w
minima
w sin   n for n  1, 2, 3... .
n
Thus at angle   to the x-axis, minimas will be formed due to single slit diffraction
w
taking place individually on the screen for n  1, 2,3... .. As both slits are forming
minimas for n  1, 2,3... , thus intensity due to interference will all be zero at these
positions as I1  I 2  0

Ans. 4: (b)
D
Solution: (i)  
d
As d is increased to 2d , so  will be halved.
(ii) As slit width e is reduced to e / 2 so width of central envelop will be increased.
Ans. 5: (c)
  i t     
Solution: E1  Ae   , E2  A ei ei t , E3  A ei1 ei t  Ae3i ei t
2 2
  d sin  , 1   3d sin    3
 
    
E  E1  E2  E3  A 1  ei  e3i  ei t
 
E   A 1  e  i  e 3i  e  it
 
I  E.E   A2 1  ei  e3i  1  e i  e3i 

 ei  e  i e i 2  e  i 2 ei 3  e  i 3 
I  A2  3  2 2 2 
 2 2 2 
I  A2 3  2 cos   2 cos 2  2 cos 3 

Ans. 6: (d)

Solution: If the path difference Op2  Op1 
2
The minima of the interference pattern produced by O P1
will fall on the maxima produced by O Now
1/ 2
 2  b a 2  1 b a
2
a / 2 O b
OP2   d      d   
  2 2   2d  2 2  a/2 O
1/ 2
 2  b a 2  1 b a
2

OP1   d       d     P2
  2 2   2d  2 2 
ab
 OP2  OP1   d  b, a  d
2d
 ab ab
Thus  d 
2 2d 

Ans. 7: (c)

Solution: For constructive interference: 2nd cos    2m  1
2
For normal incidence   0  and second order  m  1

 3
 2nd cos 0   2 1  1 d 
2 4n
Ans. 8: (d)
 1
Solution: For constructive interference of reflected light, 2d cos   n    .
 2
490  495 985
First maxima occurs   00 and n  0 and    m ,
2 2
 985 / 2
Thus, d    123 m  120 m
4 4
Ans. 9: (d)
     
ˆ  1  and E2  zAe
ˆ  2 
i t  k . r i t  k . r
Solution: E1  zAe
    
ˆ it  ei  k1 cos y  k1 sin  x   e  i  k1 cos y  k1 sin  x  
E  E1  E2  zAe   k
1  k2 

ˆ it eik1 sin  x  e ik1 sin  x 
E  zAe

ˆ  it e ik1 sin  x  eik1 sin  x 
E *  zAe
 
I  E * .E  A2 1  e 2ik1 sin x  e2ik1 sin x 

 eik1 x  e  ik1x 
I  A2  2  2   2 A 1  cos k1 x 
2

 2 
For maxima
2n
cos k1 x  1  k1 xn  2n  xn 
k1

2  n  1 
 xn 1 
k1
2
   xn 1  xn     0.5  m
k1

Ans. 10: (c)

Solution: I  I 0 cos 2  (Malus Law)

I0 I0 I0 I
 I1  , I2  cos 2  , I3  cos 2   cos 2 90     0 sin 2 2 .
2 2 2 8
Ans. 11: (d)
Ans. 12: (c)
A
Solution: At first interface  AB  for normal incidence
45o
2
 n  n   1 5  1 
2
I1
R1   1 2      0  04
I0
 n1  n2   1 5  1 
T1  1  R1  0  96 I2
45o
I1  TI 0  0  96 I 0 B C
I3

At second interface  AC  , light is incident from denser medium  n  1  5  on rarer

medium  n  1  0  ,

 1 
C  sin 1    42  45
0 0

 1 5 
So total internal reflection occurs at AC when i  450  C , thus

I 2  I1  0  96 I 0
 1  1 5 
2

At third interface  BC  R3     0  04
 1  1 5 
T3  1  R3  0  96

 I 3  T3 I 2

I 3  0  96  0  96 I 0  0  92 I 0

Ans. 13: (c)

Solution: The contrast of fringes is due to the fact that the source is not emitting at a single
frequency but over a narrow band of frequencies. When the path difference between two
interfering beams is zero or very small, the different wave-length components produce
fringes superimposed on one another and fringe contrast is good. On the other hand,
when the path difference is increased different wavelength components produce fringe
patterns which are slightly displaced with respect to one another, and the fringe contrast
becomes poorer.
We choose closely spaced wavelengths 1 and 2 , and assume that the path difference is

2d when the interference pattern is disappeared in Michelson interferometer (Let). Then,

 1
2d  n1   n   2 where 1  2
 2
2d 1 2d
n and n  
1 2 2

2d 1 2d  1 1 1 12
 
  2d      2d 
1 2 2  2 1  2 2  1  2 
In terms of frequency
1 c
2d  
 1 1  c c
2   2  
 2 1   2 1 
c c c
 2d  since,  1  and  2 
2  2  1  1 2
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

15. Other (Solution)

Ans. 1: (c)
Solution: The net current is found to depend only on R ,
1 1
if X L  X C   L   
C LC

Ans. 2: (a)
Solution: The total work done by the battery in this process is

W  qV   CV  V  CV 2  10 106  10   103 Joules

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

15. Other
Q1. An inductor L , a capacitor C and a resistor R are connected in series to an AC source,
V  V0 sin t . If the net current is found to depend only on R , then

1 R2
(a) C  0 (b) L  0 (c)   1/ LC (d)    2
LC 4 L
NET/JRF (JUNE-2020)
Q2. A 10V battery is connected in series to a resistor R and a capacitor C , as shown the
47 k
figure.
R
V  10 V
C 10  F

The initial charge on the capacitor is zero. The switch is turned on and the capacitor is
allowed to charge to its full capacity. The total work done by the battery in this process is
(a) 103 J (b) 2  103 J (c) 5  104 J (d) 47 102 J
NET/JRF (JUNE-2020)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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