1. Calculate the value of M* of ϒ=1.4 and M=2.0.

2. Argon is stored in a reservoir at 300 K; determine stagnation enthalpy and velocity of sound in it.
ϒ=1.658, and the molecular weight of argon is 39.94.
3. An air jet (ϒ=1.4, R=287 J/Kg K) at 400 K has sonic velocity. Determine
i. Velocity of sound at 400 K
ii. Velocity of sound at the stagnation conditions
iii. Maximum velocity of the jet
iv. Stagnation enthalpy
v. Crocco number
ϒ P 1 2 ϒ P0
4. Assuming perfect gas derive the energy equation of adiabatic flow + c=
ϒ −1 ρ 2 ϒ −1 ρ0
5. The pressure, temperature and Mach number at the entry of a flow passage are 2.45 bar, 26.5 0C
and 1.4 respectively. If the exit Mach number is 2.5 determine for adiabatic flow of a perfect gas
(ϒ=1.3, R=0.469 kJ/kg K)
i. Stagnation temperature
ii. Temperature and velocity of gas at exit
iii. The flow rate per square meter of the inlet cross-section.
6. Air (ϒ=1.4, R=287.43 J/Kg K) enters a straight axisymmetric duct at 300 K, 3.45 bar and 150 m/s and
leaves it at 277 , 2.058 bar and 260 m/s. The area of cross-section at entry is 500 cm2. Assuming
adiabatic flow determine
i. Stagnation temperature
ii. Maximum velocity
iii. Mass flow rate
iv. Area of cross section at exit
7. An aircraft flies at 800 km/hr at an altitude of 10000 meters (T=223.15 K, p=0.264 bar). The air is
reversibly compressed in an inlet diffuser. If the Mach number at the exit of the diffuser is 0.36
determine
i. Entry Mach number
ii. Velocity, pressure and temperature of air at the diffuser exit.
8. Air (Cp=1.05 kJ/Kg K, ϒ=1.38) at p1=3 x 105 N/m2 and T1=500 K flows with a velocity of 200 m/s in a
30 cm diameter duct. Calculate
i. Mass flow rate
ii. Stagnation temperature
iii. Mach Number
iv. Stagnation pressure values assuming the flow as compressible and incompressible.
9. 3 kg/s of air is to be discharged through a smooth circular duct at a velocity of 10 m/s. The pressure
and temperature of air in the pipe are 1.5 bar and 300 K respectively. Determine the enthalpy and
internal energy of air and the diameter of duct (R=0.287 kJ/kg K, Cp= 1.005 kJ/kg K).
10. Carbon dioxide expands isentropically through a nozzle from a pressure of 3 bar to 1 bar. If the
initial temperature is 473 K determine the final temperature, the enthalpy drop and the change in
the internal energy. (Take ϒ=1.24, R=0.189 kJ/kg K)
11. Air flows through a duct. The pressure and temperature at station 1 are P1=0.7 atm and T1= 300C,
respectively. At a second station, the pressure is 0.5 atm. Calculate the temperature and density at
the second station. Assume the flow to be isentropic.
12. Air is allowed to expand from initial state A (where PA=2.068 X 105 N/m2 and TA= 333 K) to state B
(where PB= 1.034 X 105 N/m2 and TB= 305 K). Calculate the change in the specific entropy of air, and
show that the change in entropy is the same for
 i. An isobaric process A to some intermediate state C followed by an isovolumetric change
from C to B
ii. An isothermal change from A to some intermediate state D followed by an isentropic
change from D to B.
13. A quantity of air at 0.7 MPa and 1500C occupies a volume of 0.014 m3. If the gas is expanded
isothermally to a volume of 0.084 m3, calculate the change in entropy.
14. A storage chamber of a compressor is maintained at 1.8 atm and 200C. The surrounding ambient
pressure is 1 atm. Calculate
i. The velocity with which air flow will take place from the chamber to outside through a unit
area hole
ii. The mass flow rate per unit area.

Assume the air as a perfect gas.

15. A ramjet flies at 11 km altitude with a flight Mach number of 0.9. In the inlet diffuser, the air is
brought to stagnation condition so that it is stationary just before the combustion chamber.
Combustion takes place at constant pressure and temperature increase of 15000C results. The
combustion products are then ejected through the nozzle.
i. Calculate the stagnation pressure and temperature.
ii. What will be the nozzle exit velocity?

(At inlet Po = 0.3 atm and T0= 213 K, at exit Pexit = 0.3 atm)

16. A storage chamber supplies high pressure air to a pneumatic machine. It is found that there is an
unavoidable leak in the joints and the total area through which the leakage occurs is estimated to
be 1 cm2. Calculate the quantity of air leaking out of the chamber if the chamber is maintained at 5
atm and 200C.
17. A De laval Nozzle has to be designed for an exit mach number of 1.5 with an exit diameter of 200
mm. Find the required ratio of the throat area to exit area. The reservoir conditions are given as P 0=
1 atm and T0= 200C. Find also the maximum mass flow rate through the nozzle. What will be the exit
pressure and temperature.
18. A converging – diverging nozzle is designed to operate with an exit Mach Number of 1.75. The
nozzle is supplied from an air reservoir at 68 X 105 N/m2. Assume 1D flow, calculate
i. Maximum back pressure to choke the nozzle.
ii. Back pressure for the nozzle to be perfectly expanded to the design Mach number M.
iii. Range of back pressure for supersonic flow at the nozzle exit plane.
iv. Back pressure for the nozzle to be perfectly expanded to the design Mach number M.
19. A CD diffuser is to be used at Mach 3.0. The diffuser has to use a variable throat area so as to
swallow the starting shock. What percentage increase in throat area will be necessary?
20. Calculate the dynamic pressure of the flow if V∞= 175 m/s, P∞=1 atm and T∞=298 K. What will be
the percentage error if the flow is treated as incompressible?
21. A blunt nose pitot tube is placed in a supersonic wind tunnel to estimate the flow Mach number.
The stagnation pressure P0 at the entrance to the pitot tube is 2 X 105 N/m2. The free stream static
pressure P1 ahead of the shock wave is measured by a static pressure tap in the wall of the tunnel,
and is 0.5 X 105 N/m2. Estimate the Mach number in the tunnel.
22. Compressed dry air at 400C from a large reservoir exhausts through a nozzle with an exit velocity of
200 m/s. A mercury manometer reads the corresponding pressure as 2.27 cm compression.
 Determine the exit Mach number, the reservoir pressure and the atmospheric pressure. Assume
the flow through the nozzle to be isentropic.
23. A re-entry is at an altitude of 15,000 m and has a velocity of 1850 m/s. A bow shock wave envelops
the RV. Neglecting dissociation, determine the static and stagnation pressure and temperature just
behind the shock wave on the RV centre line where the shock wave may be treated as Normal
shock. Assume that the air behaves as perfect gas, with ϒ=1.4 and R= 287 J/Kg-K.
24. A normal shock moves in a constant area tube. In region 1, V1 = 100m/s, T1=300C and P1=0.7 atm.
The shock speed Cs with respect to a fixed co-ordinate system is 600 m/s. Find the fluid properties
in region 2.

25. A normal shock wave with pressure ratio of 4.5 impinges on a plane wall. Determine the static
pressure ratio for the reflected normal shock wave. The air temperature in front of the incident
wave is 280 K.

26. A CD nozzle of exit area 4.0 cm2 is to be designed to generate Mach 2.5 air stream. If the nozzle is
correctly expanded and discharging into the atmosphere, and the stagnation temperature at the
entry is 500 K, determine the back pressure required to position a normal shock at the nozzle exit
plane.
27. A uniform flow at M1=2.0 passes over an expansion corner with wall inclination of 100C. Find the
Mach number of the flow downstream of the expansion fan.
28. A uniform flow at M1 = 2.0 passes over an isentropic compression corner. Find the downstream
Mach number of the flow following a 100 turn.
29. For the flow field, determine βr, M2 and M3 if M1 = 2.0 and βi = 400.

30. A uniform supersonic flow at M1=2.0, P1=0.8 X105 N/m2 and temperature 270 K expands through
two convex corners of 100 each. Determine the downstream Mach number M3, P2, T2 and the angle
of the second fan.