Module 3: LUBRICANTS
Numerical on Acid value
1. Find the acid value of the vegetable oil whose 5 ml required 2 ml of N /100 KOH
during titration. (density of the oil = 0.92gm/ml)
Solution:
Weight of the oil = volume x density = 5 x 0.92 = 4.6 gm
Acid Value = Volume of KOH × Normality of KOH × 56
Weight of oil taken
= 2 x 0.01 x 56 = 0.243
4.6
2. A vegetable oil was tested for its acid value. 10 gm of the oil required 0.2 ml of
KOH. Find its acid value. (N of KOH = 0.02). State whether the given oil can be
used as a lubricant or not.
Solution:
Acid Value = Volume of KOH × Normality of KOH × 56
Weight of oil taken
= 0.2 x 0.02 x 56 = 0.0224
10
Since the acid value of the given oil is less than 0.1, it can be used as a lubricant.
1
Numerical on Saponification value
Saponification Value = Volume of KOH × Normality of KOH × 56
Weight of oil in grams
Problems
1. 2.5g of a vegetable oil was saponified using excess of alcoholic KOH (0.5 N). The
mixture then required 10 ml of 0.5 N HCl while blank titration required 40 ml of
the same HCl. Find the saponification value of the oil.
Solution:
Weight of oil = 2.5 g
Blank titration reading = 40 ml of 0.5 N HCl
Back titration reading = 10 ml of 0.5 N HCl
Volume of 0.5 N KOH consumed in terms of 0.5 N HCl = 40 – 30 = 10 ml
Saponification value = Volume of KOH × Normality of KOH × 56
Weight of oil in grams
= 10 × 0.5 × 56 = 112
2.5
2. 16 g of blended oil was heated with 50 ml KOH. This mixture then required 31.5 ml
of 0.5 N HCl. 50ml of KOH required 45 ml of 0.5 N HCl. Find the percentage of
blend, if the saponification value of the pure oil is 192.
Solution:
Saponification value of the blend = Volume of KOH × Normality of KOH × 56
Weight of oil in grams
= (45-31.5) × 0.5 × 56 = 23.62 mg
16
Percentage of the blend = Saponification value of the blend
Saponification value of the pure oil
= 23.62 × 100 = 12.3%
192
2
3. 2.5 g of an oil was saponified by alcoholic KOH (0.25 N). The blank reading
with 0.5 N HCl was 40 ml while back was 20 ml of same HCl. Find the
saponification value of the oil.
Solution:
Blank titration reading = 40 ml of 0.5 N HCl
Back titration reading = 20 ml of 0.5 N HCl
Volume of 0.5 N HCl corresponding to unused KOH = 40 - 20 = 20 ml
20 ml of 0.5 N HCl = x ml of 0.25 N KOH
Volume of 0.25 N KOH consumed in terms of 0.5 N HCl = 20 × 0.5 = 40
0.25
Saponification value = 40 × 0.25 × 56
2.5
= 224.
3
Questions
1. 2.5 gm of vegetable oil was mixed with 50ml of KOH solution and heated for one
hour. The mixture required 26.4ml of 0.4 N HCl. The blank titration reading was
49 ml. Find the saponification value of the oil.
2. Find the acid value of the oil whose 6 ml required 2.6 ml of 0.02 N KOH. State
whether the oil can be used as a lubricant. (density of the oil = 0.91)
3. 9 ml of oil is taken from gear box and it required 1.5 ml of 0.04 N KOH. Find the acid
value of the oil and state whether it can be used further. (density of the oil is
0.81gm/ml)
4. Find the acid value of the vegetable oil whose 5 ml required 2 ml of N/100 KOH
during titration. (density of the oil = 0.92 gm/ml)
5. Find the acid value of the lubricating oil whose 10 ml required 5 ml of N/50 KOH
during titration. (density of the oil = 0.91 gm/cc)
6. 2.5 gm of blended oil was saponified using excess alcoholic KOH (0.5 N). After
refluxing for two hours, the mixture was titrated against 0.5 N HCl. The burette
reading was found to be 24 ml. The blank titration required 40 ml of the same HCl
solution. Find the saponification value of the oil. If the oil used for blending has
saponification value 191, calculate the percentage of oil in the blend.
7. 1.3 gm of a gear box oil was taken for acid value determination. It required 0.8 ml of
0.001 N KOH for neutralization. Calculate the acid value and mention whether the oil
is suitable to be used further or not.
8. A blended oil weighing 12.3 g was treated with 45 ml of 0.5 N KOH and refluxed for
1.5 hrs. The blank titration reading was 45 ml of 0.5 N HCl. The back titration reading
was 20.2 ml of 0.5 N HCl. Calculate the saponification value. If the oil used for
blending is castor oil having saponification value =188, calculate the percentage blend.
=================================
