Comprehensive Exam Sample (Items 1–20)

1. Which law outlines the rights and privileges of nurses in the Philippines?
A. RA 9173
B. PD 442
C. RA 7305
D. RA 10912
Answer: A. RA 9173

2. What is the main focus of the National Nursing Core Competency Standards?
A. Licensure exams
B. Clinical specialization
C. Minimum expected performance of nursing practice
D. Salary standardization
Answer: C. Minimum expected performance of nursing practice

3. The principle of beneficence in nursing ethics refers to:

A. Keeping patient information confidential
B. Doing good and acting in the best interest of the patient
C. Allowing patients to make their own decisions
D. Being fair in patient treatment
Answer: B. Doing good and acting in the best interest of the patient

4. What does the Joint Commission primarily focus on?

A. Patient complaints
B. Accreditation and quality improvement
C. Licensure examination
D. Legal mandates
Answer: B. Accreditation and quality improvement

5. Under the Philippine Nursing Act of 2002, which body regulates nursing practice in
the Philippines?
A. DOH
B. PNA
C. Board of Nursing
D. CHED
Answer: C. Board of Nursing

6. A nurse acting in accordance with the Philippine Code of Ethics demonstrates:

A. Strict adherence to hospital policy
B. Respect for the rights of doctors
C. Professional accountability and integrity
D. Independence in clinical judgment
Answer: C. Professional accountability and integrity
7. A Filipino management style that values loyalty and hierarchy is best described as:
A. Participative
B. Bureaucratic
C. Paternalistic
D. Transformational
Answer: C. Paternalistic

8. Which document outlines labor standards and conditions for Filipino workers,
including nurses?
A. RA 9173
B. PD 442
C. RA 7305
D. Magna Carta of Women
Answer: B. PD 442

9. What is the primary goal of Quality Assurance in nursing practice?

A. Maximize hospital profit
B. Increase nurse-patient ratio
C. Maintain and improve patient care quality
D. Monitor nurse attendance
Answer: C. Maintain and improve patient care quality

10. The concept of “autonomy” in patient care implies:

A. The nurse can decide for the patient
B. Patients can make informed decisions about their own care
C. The doctor leads all decisions
D. Families are responsible for choices
Answer: B. Patients can make informed decisions about their own care

11. What is an example of a sentinel event?

A. A patient refusing medication
B. Misfiled patient records
C. Wrong-site surgery
D. Loss of medical supplies
Answer: C. Wrong-site surgery

12. Who is legally responsible for the safe keeping and confidentiality of patient
records?
A. Patient's next of kin
B. Medical Technologist
C. Nurse
D. Hospital Director
Answer: C. Nurse
13. One of the four key nursing management functions is:
A. Recruiting
B. Coordinating
C. Directing
D. Observing
Answer: C. Directing

14. What is a defining feature of transformational leadership?

A. Strict supervision
B. Punitive discipline
C. Inspiring change and vision
D. Micromanagement
Answer: C. Inspiring change and vision

15. The Philippine Professional Nursing Standards serve to:

A. Evaluate nursing institutions
B. Standardize nursing uniforms
C. Guide professional nursing practice
D. Define salary grades
Answer: C. Guide professional nursing practice

16. A nurse who fails to act when a patient shows signs of distress may be guilty of:
A. Assault
B. Negligence
C. Libel
D. Confidentiality breach
Answer: B. Negligence

17. A nurse manager is organizing staff for a new ward. This is an example of which
function?
A. Controlling
B. Planning
C. Organizing
D. Delegating
Answer: C. Organizing

18. The concept of “planning” in nursing management involves:

A. Monitoring staff behavior
B. Disciplining subordinates
C. Setting goals and determining actions
D. Filling out reports
Answer: C. Setting goals and determining actions

19. Under RA 7305, what is one of the rights of public health workers?
A. Tax exemption
B. Flexible work hours
C. Hazard pay
D. Housing assistance
Answer: C. Hazard pay

20. In ethical decision-making, fidelity refers to:

A. Being truthful
B. Keeping promises and commitments
C. Disclosing patient secrets
D. Being flexible in standards
Answer: B. Keeping promises and commitments

21. The main goal of nursing leadership is to:

A. Monitor compliance
B. Promote staff competition
C. Inspire, influence, and guide nurses
D. Enforce disciplinary action
Answer: C. Inspire, influence, and guide nurses

22. What document guides nurses to practice safely, ethically, and competently in the
Philippines?
A. Hospital manual
B. Nursing curriculum
C. Philippine Professional Nursing Standards
D. National Development Plan
Answer: C. Philippine Professional Nursing Standards

23. In ethical practice, veracity refers to:

A. Fairness
B. Truth-telling
C. Faithfulness
D. Respect for privacy
Answer: B. Truth-telling

24. The principle of justice in nursing means:

A. Telling the truth at all times
B. Doing no harm
C. Equitable distribution of care
D. Following policies strictly
Answer: C. Equitable distribution of care

25. The “directing” function of management includes:

A. Developing future goals
B. Assigning schedules
C. Motivating staff and giving instructions
D. Monitoring equipment
Answer: C. Motivating staff and giving instructions

26. What does the concept of “control” in management involve?

A. Dictating orders
B. Evaluating performance and correcting deviations
C. Leading group meetings
D. Conducting interviews
Answer: B. Evaluating performance and correcting deviations

27. A nurse who falsifies documentation may be liable for:

A. Unintentional tort
B. Defamation
C. Malpractice
D. Negligence
Answer: C. Malpractice

28. What is the essence of the Philippine Preamble in healthcare delivery?

A. Political alignment
B. Legal reference
C. Social justice and protection of life
D. Taxation guidance
Answer: C. Social justice and protection of life

29. Which law ensures health benefits for all Filipinos through affordable and
accessible services?
A. RA 7305
B. RA 11223
C. PD 442
D. RA 9173
Answer: B. RA 11223 (Universal Health Care Act)

30. The Magna Carta for Public Health Workers (RA 7305) ensures:
A. Duty limitations
B. Legal immunity
C. Rights, benefits, and working conditions of public health workers
D. Educational benefits only
Answer: C. Rights, benefits, and working conditions of public health workers

31. Filipino management styles are best described as:

A. Independent and rigid
B. Flexible and collaborative
C. Authoritative and analytical
D. Detached and objective
Answer: B. Flexible and collaborative
32. Data privacy in healthcare refers to:
A. Disclosure of data for research
B. Ensuring staff access to patient data
C. Protecting patient’s personal and health information
D. Hospital ownership of patient records
Answer: C. Protecting patient’s personal and health information

33. Sentinel events are:

A. Normal incidents in the ward
B. Events that signal the need for equipment repair
C. Unexpected events leading to death or serious injury
D. Reports for minor complaints
Answer: C. Unexpected events leading to death or serious injury

34. The Patient Safety Standards aim to:

A. Promote inter-professional conflict
B. Increase disciplinary actions
C. Prevent harm and ensure quality care
D. Replace patient consent
Answer: C. Prevent harm and ensure quality care

35. A nurse refusing to administer a medication due to personal beliefs may be

invoking:
A. Justice
B. Ethical dilemma
C. Autonomy
D. Conscientious objection
Answer: D. Conscientious objection

36. A nurse who shares patient information on social media violates:

A. Legal responsibility
B. Ethical guidelines
C. Data privacy
D. All of the above
Answer: D. All of the above

37. Which nursing management function involves determining roles and task
distribution?
A. Controlling
B. Directing
C. Organizing
D. Evaluating
Answer: C. Organizing
38. What is an example of malpractice?
A. Providing care beyond scope of practice
B. Giving medication without checking allergies
C. Failing to document patient status
D. All of the above
Answer: D. All of the above

39. Nursing legal responsibility includes:

A. Practicing according to religious beliefs
B. Adhering to professional and legal standards
C. Prioritizing family advice
D. Obeying patients at all costs
Answer: B. Adhering to professional and legal standards

40. Which concept is most central to ethical nursing care?

A. Profit
B. Control
C. Advocacy
D. Delegation
Answer: C. Advocacy

41. Which document provides a global framework for ethical nursing practice?
A. Philippine Nursing Act
B. Universal Health Care Law
C. International Council for Nurses Code of Ethics
D. National Nursing Core Competency Standards
Answer: C. International Council for Nurses Code of Ethics

42. Which management function includes formulating goals and objectives?

A. Planning
B. Organizing
C. Controlling
D. Evaluating
Answer: A. Planning

43. What does the “fidelity” principle in nursing ethics emphasize?

A. Being fair
B. Keeping promises and commitments
C. Being truthful
D. Avoiding harm
Answer: B. Keeping promises and commitments

44. Labor Law PD 442 primarily protects:

A. Retired nurses
B. Industrial workers only
C. Labor rights of Filipino workers, including nurses
D. OFW employment
Answer: C. Labor rights of Filipino workers, including nurses

45. RA 9173 refers to the:

A. Magna Carta for Nurses
B. Philippine Nursing Act of 2002
C. Universal Health Care Act
D. Labor Code of the Philippines
Answer: B. Philippine Nursing Act of 2002

46. A nurse who forgets to lock the side rails of a sedated patient may be guilty of:
A. Defamation
B. Malpractice
C. Negligence
D. Fraud
Answer: C. Negligence

47. Who is responsible for implementing Quality Improvement initiatives in a

nursing unit?
A. Medical director
B. Nursing assistant
C. Nurse manager
D. HR personnel
Answer: C. Nurse manager

48. The Patient Bill of Rights includes:

A. Right to choose healthcare provider
B. Right to unlimited insurance
C. Right to access patient records of others
D. Right to refuse documentation
Answer: A. Right to choose healthcare provider

49. In management, “span of control” refers to:

A. How well a manager delegates
B. Number of direct subordinates a manager can effectively supervise
C. Authority given by the government
D. Task rotation
Answer: B. Number of direct subordinates a manager can effectively supervise

50. Sentinel incident reports must be filed:

A. Monthly
B. Weekly
C. Immediately after the incident
D. At the end of the shift
Answer: C. Immediately after the incident

51. A transformational leader is known for:

A. Punishing staff
B. Strict rule enforcement
C. Inspiring innovation and change
D. Maintaining status quo
Answer: C. Inspiring innovation and change

52. Which is a tool used in quality assurance?

A. Root cause analysis
B. Pain scale
C. Vital signs chart
D. IV infusion pump
Answer: A. Root cause analysis

53. Filipino management style is often rooted in:

A. Individualism
B. Collectivism and family orientation
C. Competition
D. Hierarchical superiority
Answer: B. Collectivism and family orientation

54. Ethical decision-making involves all EXCEPT:

A. Personal biases
B. Identifying the problem
C. Considering outcomes
D. Consulting stakeholders
Answer: A. Personal biases

55. Under RA 7305, health workers are entitled to:

A. Unpaid overtime
B. Night shift differential
C. Unlimited leaves
D. Government housing
Answer: B. Night shift differential

56. The main goal of record management is to:

A. Save paper
B. Ensure confidentiality, accuracy, and accessibility
C. Promote gossip
D. Share records online
Answer: B. Ensure confidentiality, accuracy, and accessibility
57. The first step in the management process is:
A. Organizing
B. Directing
C. Controlling
D. Planning
Answer: D. Planning

58. Nurses have legal responsibility to report:

A. Patient gossip
B. Minor complaints
C. Abuse or neglect
D. Co-worker issues only
Answer: C. Abuse or neglect

59. The Joint Commission focuses primarily on:

A. Equipment regulation
B. Nurse certification
C. Accreditation and patient safety
D. Hospital construction
Answer: C. Accreditation and patient safety

60. A laissez-faire leader:

A. Gives clear direction
B. Closely supervises staff
C. Allows staff to work independently
D. Frequently holds meetings
Answer: C. Allows staff to work independently

61. Which function involves ensuring tasks are being accomplished as planned?
A. Controlling
B. Planning
C. Organizing
D. Staffing
Answer: A. Controlling

62. A nurse practicing without a license is guilty of:

A. Miscommunication
B. Violation of RA 9173
C. Incomplete documentation
D. Ethical dilemma
Answer: B. Violation of RA 9173

63. Which ethical principle supports informed consent?

A. Autonomy
B. Justice
C. Veracity
D. Fidelity
Answer: A. Autonomy

64. What is NOT part of the nursing code of ethics?

A. Collaboration
B. Loyalty to the employer only
C. Respect for human rights
D. Advocacy
Answer: B. Loyalty to the employer only

65. What defines appropriate nurse behavior and guides decision-making?

A. Hospital policies
B. Nursing Code of Ethics
C. Patient complaints
D. Legal briefs
Answer: B. Nursing Code of Ethics

66. A nurse leading by example and showing empathy exhibits:

A. Authoritarian leadership
B. Transformational leadership
C. Passive leadership
D. Bureaucratic leadership
Answer: B. Transformational leadership

67. Planning patient care based on standards ensures:

A. Cost-saving
B. Uniformity
C. Quality and consistency
D. Decreased patient interaction
Answer: C. Quality and consistency

68. What is the key role of a nurse manager in managing staff conflicts?
A. Ignore the issue
B. Take sides
C. Facilitate conflict resolution
D. Punish both parties
Answer: C. Facilitate conflict resolution

69. The primary objective of Universal Health Care (RA 11223) is to:
A. Increase taxes
B. Provide equitable access to quality and affordable healthcare
C. Limit government expenses
D. Promote health insurance companies
Answer: B. Provide equitable access to quality and affordable healthcare
70. A nurse administers a wrong medication dosage. What legal issue is involved?
A. Tort
B. Malpractice
C. Libel
D. Defamation
Answer: B. Malpractice

71. Which type of leadership is most effective during emergencies?

A. Democratic
B. Autocratic
C. Transformational
D. Laissez-faire
Answer: B. Autocratic

72. The nurse's role in informed consent includes:

A. Explaining the surgery in full detail
B. Asking the patient to sign without explanation
C. Witnessing the patient’s signature and ensuring understanding
D. Making the decision for the patient
Answer: C. Witnessing the patient’s signature and ensuring understanding

73. Nurses are ethically obligated to report:

A. Errors, even if no harm occurred
B. Only major complaints
C. Gossip among staff
D. Personal issues with colleagues
Answer: A. Errors, even if no harm occurred

74. The organizing function of management includes:

A. Conducting training
B. Evaluating performance
C. Assigning tasks and responsibilities
D. Supervising students
Answer: C. Assigning tasks and responsibilities

75. A nurse who shares patient information without consent breaches:

A. Autonomy
B. Fidelity
C. Confidentiality
D. Accountability
Answer: C. Confidentiality

76. One goal of Performance Appraisal in nursing is to:

A. Penalize errors
B. Promote favoritism
C. Improve job performance and identify needs
D. Increase workload
Answer: C. Improve job performance and identify needs

77. Leadership differs from management in that leadership:

A. Focuses on process compliance
B. Involves motivating and influencing others
C. Emphasizes policy creation
D. Supervises only
Answer: B. Involves motivating and influencing others

78. The ICN Code of Ethics requires nurses to respect human rights, including:
A. The right to complain
B. The right to refuse treatment
C. The right to dignity and cultural values
D. The right to demand higher pay
Answer: C. The right to dignity and cultural values

79. What leadership style promotes teamwork and shared decision-making?

A. Democratic
B. Authoritarian
C. Transactional
D. Passive
Answer: A. Democratic

80. What is the purpose of continuing professional development (CPD) for nurses?
A. Salary promotion
B. Compliance with RA 10912
C. Skill enhancement and lifelong learning
D. Competition with peers
Answer: C. Skill enhancement and lifelong learning

81. An effective leader communicates primarily to:

A. Delegate tasks
B. Punish behavior
C. Build trust and facilitate understanding
D. Display authority
Answer: C. Build trust and facilitate understanding

82. What is a nurse's responsibility in maintaining professional boundaries?

A. Befriending patients on social media
B. Prioritizing personal opinions
C. Avoiding dual relationships with patients
D. Sharing personal issues
Answer: C. Avoiding dual relationships with patients
83. The ethical principle of nonmaleficence means:
A. Do no harm
B. Tell the truth
C. Promote equality
D. Respect choices
Answer: A. Do no harm

84. Strategic planning in nursing administration includes:

A. Daily census monitoring
B. Planning patient activities
C. Long-term goal setting and resource alignment
D. Staffing shift duties
Answer: C. Long-term goal setting and resource alignment

85. Quality Improvement (QI) focuses on:

A. Assigning blame
B. Correcting individuals
C. Improving systems and outcomes
D. Disciplinary actions
Answer: C. Improving systems and outcomes

86. The Nurse’s Code of Ethics emphasizes accountability. This means:

A. Shifting blame
B. Owning responsibilities and actions
C. Being faultless
D. Avoiding risk
Answer: B. Owning responsibilities and actions

87. A nurse who refuses a task outside their scope of practice is acting under:
A. Conscientious objection
B. Autonomy
C. Ethical duty
D. Legal responsibility
Answer: D. Legal responsibility

88. A nurse helping a colleague cover up a medication error may face:

A. Promotion
B. Suspension only
C. Ethical and legal sanctions
D. Reassignment
Answer: C. Ethical and legal sanctions

89. Risk management in nursing aims to:

A. Assign blame
B. Minimize potential harm and improve safety
C. Focus on cost-cutting
D. Supervise interns
Answer: B. Minimize potential harm and improve safety

90. A patient’s right to refuse treatment is grounded in the principle of:

A. Beneficence
B. Nonmaleficence
C. Autonomy
D. Justice
Answer: C. Autonomy

91. Which is a function of the Board of Nursing under RA 9173?

A. Handle employment disputes
B. Promote non-licensed workers
C. Monitor nursing education and licensure
D. Run private hospitals
Answer: C. Monitor nursing education and licensure

92. A nurse consistently taking initiative and leading by example shows:

A. Passive-aggressive behavior
B. Authoritarianism
C. Leadership potential
D. Poor delegation
Answer: C. Leadership potential

93. Evidence-based practice promotes:

A. Personal preferences
B. Trial-and-error methods
C. Safe, effective, and current nursing care
D. Routine traditions only
Answer: C. Safe, effective, and current nursing care

94. What is a potential effect of poor documentation in nursing?

A. Improved workflow
B. Legal protection
C. Patient harm and legal liability
D. Reduced errors
Answer: C. Patient harm and legal liability

95. Which is a principle of the Magna Carta for Public Health Workers?
A. Unlimited overtime
B. Unsafe working conditions
C. Protection and promotion of rights and welfare
D. Political affiliation
Answer: C. Protection and promotion of rights and welfare
96. Delegation by a nurse should consider:
A. The person’s authority level
B. Cost efficiency
C. The task’s legality and the person’s competence
D. Random rotation
Answer: C. The task’s legality and the person’s competence

97. An example of a nursing sentinel event is:

A. Missed appointment
B. Bed sore
C. Wrong site surgery
D. IV infiltration
Answer: C. Wrong site surgery

98. What is the key benefit of the National Nursing Core Competency Standards?
A. Higher nurse salaries
B. Standardized exam difficulty
C. Defined expectations of nursing practice at all levels
D. Shorter work hours
Answer: C. Defined expectations of nursing practice at all levels

99. An effective manager demonstrates:

A. Reactivity
B. Inflexibility
C. Vision and organizational skills
D. Authoritarian rule
Answer: C. Vision and organizational skills

100. The nurse-client relationship is built on:

A. Friendship
B. Shared beliefs
C. Trust, respect, and professionalism
D. Long-term companionship
Answer: C. Trust, respect, and professionalism