1) Define complementary Color Scheme ?

A complementary color scheme is a color arrangement that uses two colors that are opposite
each other on the color wheel. This scheme creates high contrast and high visual impact, making it
ideal for emphasizing elements in design and art.
2) what is wall mural ?
A wall mural is a large artwork painted or applied directly onto a wall or ceiling surface. It can
be created using various materials and techniques, and it often serves both decorative and
communicative purposes.
3) How do you indicate door in plan ?
In architectural floor plans, a door is indicated using a thin line for the door leaf and an arc
that shows its swing direction
4) Mention the tertiary colors ?
Tertiary colors are created by mixing a primary color with a secondary color that is adjacent to
it on the color wheel. These colors help create smoother transitions on the color wheel and offer
more variety for design, painting, and decor.
5) Define Cool and Warm Colors ?
Cool Colors:
Cool colors are hues on the blue-green-violet side of the color wheel that evoke a sense
of calm, relaxation, and serenity.
Warm Colors:
Warm colors are hues on the red-orange-yellow side of the color wheel that evoke a
sense of warmth, energy, and vibrancy.
6) Explain Symmetry ?
Symmetry is a design principle where elements are balanced and arranged evenly around a
central point, line, or plane, creating a sense of harmony and order.
7) How much is 3 feet in cm ?
3 feet is equal to 91.44 centimeters.

Conversion:
1foot = 30.48 cm
So,
3 feet × 30.48 cm = 91.44 cm
8) How do you indicate main door in plan ?
In Architectual and construction drawings the Main door is typically indicated in a floor plan
using a combination of Symbols, Annotations, and Conventions.
9) What is Color Scheme ?
A color scheme is a planned combination of colors used in design, art, fashion, interiors, or
branding to create a certain mood, style, or visual harmony.
Types:
 1. Monochromatic
2. Analogous
3. Complementary
4. Split-Complementary, etc.
10) What is a role of an interior design ?
An interior designer plays a crucial role to make all spaces functional to the maximum and to
be Visually Pleasing.
An interior Designer helps in shaping the functionality, aesthetics, and overall experience of interior
spaces. they create environments that improve quality of life and meet clients’ needs

PART - B
11) What is Anthropometry? Explain the need of it in interior design?
Anthropometry is the scientific study and measurement of the human body’s physical dimensions,
such as height, reach, and movement capabilities.

It involves collecting data about human sizes, shapes, and proportions to understand how people
interact with their environments.
Anthropometry helps interior designers create spaces and furniture that are comfortable,
functional, and safe for people.
Key Reasons:
1. Ergonomics & Comfort
2. Accessibility
3. Efficiency & Safety
4. Space Planning

12) when designing a rom what is the most important factor for you?
When designing a room, the most important factor is usually functionality — making sure the space
effectively serves the needs and lifestyle of the people who will use it.

Why Functionality Comes First:

• Purpose of the Room:
Whether it’s a bedroom, kitchen, office, or living room, the design should support the
specific activities happening there.
• User Comfort and Convenience:
The layout, furniture, lighting, and storage should make the space easy and pleasant to use
daily.
• Flow and Movement:
There should be enough clearance for smooth circulation without obstacles or congestion.
13) what is meant by rendering? Explain various methods for rendering?
Rendering is the process of creating a visual representation of a design, architecture, or
interior space, often transforming technical drawings or 3D models into realistic or stylized images. It
helps clients and designers visualize how a finished space will look before construction or
implementation.
Various Methods of Rendering:
1. Hand Rendering
• Traditional technique using pencils, pens, markers, watercolors, or pastels.
• Artists create sketches or detailed drawings with shading and color to represent materials and
lighting.
• Good for quick concepts or artistic presentations.
2. Digital Rendering
• Uses computer software to create detailed, photorealistic images or animations.
• Popular software includes AutoCAD, 3ds Max, SketchUp, Revit, Lumion, and V-Ray.
• Allows realistic textures, shadows, reflections, and lighting effects.
3. Real-Time Rendering
• Used in virtual reality (VR) and interactive walkthroughs.
• Allows clients/designers to explore a space interactively.
• Software like Unreal Engine or Unity supports this.
4. Physical Rendering
• Creating scale models with materials and textures to visualize the design physically.
• Often combined with photographs or lighting setups for presentation.
14) What is a plan draw a floor plan for 2bhk residence?

15) explain human factors to be considered for designing s space?

Key Human Factors in Space Design:
1. Anthropometry
o Study of human body measurements (height, reach, size).
o Ensures furniture, fixtures, and clearances fit users comfortably.
2. Ergonomics
o Designing for human comfort and efficiency in movement and posture.
o Reduces strain and risk of injury (e.g., chair height, countertop levels).
3. Accessibility
o Spaces should be usable by everyone, including elderly and disabled people.
o Includes ramps, wider doorways, grab bars, and reachable controls.
 4. Psychological Comfort
o Colors, lighting, acoustics, and spatial layout affect mood and behavior.
o Spaces should promote well-being and reduce stress.
5. Safety
o Design should minimize hazards (slips, trips, fire safety, emergency exits).
o Proper lighting and signage are vital.
6. Cultural & Social Needs
o Respect cultural habits, privacy, and social interactions.
o Layouts can encourage or discourage communication (open vs. private spaces).
7. Environmental Factors
o Consider ventilation, natural light, temperature control, and noise levels.
16) Explain golden ratio along with examples?
17) Explain Color Value and color scheme?
Color Value
Color value refers to the lightness or darkness of a color. It’s one of the three main properties
of color (along with hue and saturation).
• High value = lighter colors (like pastels or tints)
• Low value = darker colors (like shades or deep tones)
Value affects how much light a color reflects and plays a big role in creating contrast, depth,
and emphasis in design and art.

Color Scheme
A color scheme is a planned combination of colors used in a design or artwork to create a
harmonious and visually appealing effect.
Common types of color schemes include:
• Monochromatic: Variations in value and saturation of one color
• Analogous: Colors next to each other on the color wheel
• Complementary: Colors opposite each other on the color wheel
• Triadic: Three colors evenly spaced on the wheel
• Tetradic: Four colors forming two complementary pairs
A well-chosen color scheme helps set the mood, create focus, and maintain visual balance.
18) Explain importance of interior design?
1. Enhances Functionality
• Thoughtful design ensures spaces are used efficiently and suit user needs.
 • Furniture layout, lighting, and circulation are planned for maximum usability.
2. Improves Aesthetic Appeal
• Interior design transforms a plain space into something visually attractive and inviting.
• Combines elements like color, texture, furniture, and lighting to create harmony.
3. Promotes Comfort and Well-being
• Well-designed interiors affect how people feel and behave.
• Design can promote calmness, productivity, or energy, depending on the purpose of
the space.
4. Increases Property Value
• A well-designed space is more appealing to buyers or tenants, boosting real estate
value.
• Interior upgrades can give long-term return on investment.
5. Supports Safety and Accessibility
• Interior designers follow building codes and safety regulations.
• Spaces are planned to be safe and accessible for all, including children, elderly, and
people with disabilities.