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Lecture 13 - Hyperbolic Functions - Part 1

Hyperbolic functions, defined using exponential functions, include hyperbolic sine (sinh), cosine (cosh), and tangent (tanh), along with their reciprocals: sech, cosech, and coth. The document provides definitions, properties, and examples for calculating values of these functions, as well as their graphs and characteristics. It also includes specific examples and equations related to hyperbolic functions.

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31 views6 pages

Lecture 13 - Hyperbolic Functions - Part 1

Hyperbolic functions, defined using exponential functions, include hyperbolic sine (sinh), cosine (cosh), and tangent (tanh), along with their reciprocals: sech, cosech, and coth. The document provides definitions, properties, and examples for calculating values of these functions, as well as their graphs and characteristics. It also includes specific examples and equations related to hyperbolic functions.

Uploaded by

quocphuongtri.pham.csps
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Hyperbolic functions

• Hyperbolic functions have several properties in common with trigonometric function, but
they are defined in terms of exponential functions

• Hyperbolic sine (or sinh) is defined as


ex − e−x
sinh x = .
2

• Hyperbolic cosine (or cosh) is defined as


ex + e−x
cosh x = .
2

• Hyperbolic tangent (or tanh) is defined as


sinh x
tanh x =
cosh x
ex − e−x
= x
e + e−x
e2x − 1
= 2x .
e +1

• There are also following hyperbolic functions


1 2
sech x = = x ,
cosh x e + e−x
1 2
cosech x = = x ,
sinh x e − e−x
1 e2x + 1
coth x = = 2x .
tanh x e −1

1
2

• Example: Find, to 2 decimal places, the values of

(i) sinh 3

(ii) cosh 1

(iii) tanh 0.8

• Example: Find the exact value of tanh(ln 4)

• Example: Find, to 2 decimal places, the value of x for which sinh x = 5.


3

Graphs of Hyperbolic functions


Graph of y = sinh x
• Since
ex − e−x ex + (−e−x )
sinh x = = ,
2 2
so the graph of y = sinh x is the average of the graphs of y = ex and y = −e−x .

• The domain is x ∈ R and the range is f (x) ∈ R.

• y = sinh x is an odd function since

• y = sinh x is an increasing function since

• The graph of y = sinh x


4

Graph of y = cosh x
• Since
ex + e−x
cosh x = ,
2
so the graph of y = cosh x is the average of the graphs of y = ex and y = e−x .

• The domain is x ∈ R and the range is f (x) ≥ 1.

• y = cosh x is an even function since

• The graph of y = cosh x


5

Graph of y = tanh x
• Recall that
sinh x
tanh x =
cosh x
ex − e−x
= x
e + e−x
e2x − 1
= 2x .
e +1

• The domain is x ∈ R and the range is −1 < f (x) < 1.

• y = tanh x is an odd function since

• The graph of y = tanh x


6

Graphs of y = sech x, y = cosech x, y = coth x


• See page 435 of Chapter 19: Hyperbolic functions.

• Example: Solve the equation


4 cosh x − 3 sinh x = 4

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