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Master Guide

Chapter 1 covers the equation of a straight line, including slope and y-intercept, with various forms of line equations such as point-slope, slope-intercept, two-point, two-intercept, general, and normal forms. It also discusses properties of parallel and perpendicular lines, the distance from a point to a line, and the angle between two lines. Key formulas and memory tricks are provided for easier understanding and application.

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Ymie Manuzon
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15 views3 pages

Master Guide

Chapter 1 covers the equation of a straight line, including slope and y-intercept, with various forms of line equations such as point-slope, slope-intercept, two-point, two-intercept, general, and normal forms. It also discusses properties of parallel and perpendicular lines, the distance from a point to a line, and the angle between two lines. Key formulas and memory tricks are provided for easier understanding and application.

Uploaded by

Ymie Manuzon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Master Study Guide - Chapter 1: The

Line
1. The Equation of a Straight Line
A straight line is like a perfectly straight path that keeps going forever in both directions.

The slope (m) tells us how steep the line is. You can imagine climbing stairs.

Memory Trick: Think of 'm' for 'mountain' — how steep is the mountain?

Formula: y = mx + b

- m is the slope (rise/run)

- b is the y-intercept (where the line touches the y-axis)

Example: y = 2x + 3 (Slope = 2, Y-intercept = 3)

2. Standard Forms of Line Equations


There are many ways to write the equation of a line depending on what information you're
given.

2.1 Point-Slope Form


Used when you know one point and the slope.

Formula: y - y1 = m(x - x1)

Memory Trick: 'Point' means you know a point. Use this form.

Example: Through (1, -3), slope = 2 → y + 3 = 2(x - 1)

2.2 Slope-Intercept Form


Used when you know the slope and y-intercept.

Formula: y = mx + b

Example: Slope = -3, y-intercept = 2 → y = -3x + 2

2.3 Two-Point Form


Used when you are given two points.

Formula: y - y1 = [(y2 - y1)/(x2 - x1)] * (x - x1)


Example: (0, -3) and (4, 0) → y + 3 = (3/4)x

2.4 Two-Intercept Form


Used when you are given x- and y-intercepts.

Formula: x/a + y/b = 1

Example: x-intercept = -2, y-intercept = 3 → x/-2 + y/3 = 1

2.5 General Form


Any line can be written as: Ax + By + C = 0

Convert to y = mx + b by solving for y.

Memory Trick: General means flexible — use this if nothing else fits easily.

2.6 Normal Form


Used when you know the shortest distance from origin to the line (p) and angle α.

Formula: x*cos(α) + y*sin(α) = p

More advanced — focus only if required in class.

3. Parallel and Perpendicular Lines


Parallel lines have the same slope.

Perpendicular lines have opposite reciprocal slopes.

Example: Line 1: m = 2 → Perpendicular line slope = -1/2

Memory Trick: 'Perpendicular' means 'perfect cross' → slopes multiply to -1.

4. Distance from a Point to a Line


Formula: Distance = |Ax + By + C| / sqrt(A² + B²)

Use when you have a line and a point not on the line.

Memory Trick: Use absolute value and square root – like finding shortest ladder distance to
a wall.

5. Angle Between Two Lines


Formula: tan(θ) = |(m2 - m1)/(1 + m1*m2)|

Finds angle formed at the intersection of two lines.


Memory Trick: Tangent of the difference. If slopes are the same, angle is 0. If perpendicular,
angle is 90°.

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