Y SYSTEMS
THE BOD
THE HUMAN
DIGESTIVE
SYSTEM
LET’S DISCUSS
DIGESTIVE
SYSTEM
The digestive system in the human body processes
food and liquids. It consists of the digestive tract,
where food passes through structures like the mouth,
esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine,
and accessory organs.
These organs work together to break down food into
smaller components for absorption and assimilation.
VE ORGANS
DIGESTI
MOUTH
The mouth is the first organ in the digestive
system. It serves several essential functions:
Ingestion: Food enters the mouth, allowing
the initial stage of digestion.
Mechanical Digestion (Chewing): Teeth break
down large food pieces into smaller ones.
Chemical Digestion: Saliva initiates digestion
by breaking down starch into sugar.
VE ORGANS
DIGESTI
ESOPHAGUS
The esophagus ensures the smooth movement
of food from the mouth to the stomach,
allowing for efficient digestion and nutrient
absorption.
Unlike the stomach and small intestine, the
esophagus does not secrete digestive enzymes.
Its primary function is to facilitate the passage
of food.
VE ORGANS
DIGESTI
STOMACH
he stomach is a hollow muscular organ that
holds food while it is being mixed with stomach
enzymes.
Its key functions include temporary food
storage, mechanical digestion (through muscular
contractions), chemical digestion (via acids and
enzymes), and controlled emptying of partially
digested food into the small intestine.
VE ORGANS
DIGESTI
PANCREAS
The pancreas is located behind the stomach; it
performs two key functions: it produces enzymes
that break down sugars, fats, proteins, and
starches during digestion.
The pancreas releases hormones into the
bloodstream. These chemical messengers help
regulate blood sugar levels, stimulate stomach
acids, and control appetite and stomach emptying.
VE ORGANS
DIGESTI
LIVER
The liver, the largest organ in the body, performs
essential functions within the digestive system.
The liver continually produces bile, aiding fat
digestion and nutrient absorption. It processes
toxins and removes them from the blood. The liver
creates substances necessary for blood clotting
after injury. It helps maintain healthy blood sugar
levels.
VE ORGANS
DIGESTI
GALLBLADDER
The gallbladder is a small, pear-shaped organ
located beneath the liver. Its primary role in the
digestive system is to store and concentrate bile
produced by the liver.
Bile is a sticky, yellow-green digestive fluid
produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder.
Its primary function is to break down fats into
fatty acids during digestion.
VE ORGANS
DIGESTI
SMALL
INTESTINE
The small intestine's main functions include breaking
down food, absorbing nutrients, and moving the
intestinal contents along the digestive tract.
Specifically, the small intestine absorbs
carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. It plays a vital
role in digestion, ensuring efficient nutrient
absorption and waste elimination.
VE ORGANS
DIGESTI
LARGE
INTESTINE
The large intestine, also known as the colon, follows
the small intestine and extends to the anal canal,
where food waste exits the body. The large
intestine performs several essential functions, such
as absorbing water and electrolytes, forming stool,
facilitating bacterial fermentation, and protecting
against infections.
VE ORGANS
DIGESTI
RECTUM AND
ANUS
The rectum connects the large intestine to the
anus. It acts as a reservoir where stool
accumulates before being ready for elimination.
The anus marks the exit point for food waste.
Muscles, nerves, and mucous membranes work
together to facilitate healthy bowel movements
that you can control.
ANATOMY CLASS
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