* -- coding: utf-8 -- * *@author: GITAA *
Sequence data type
Strings - Sequence of characters - " (or) '
Tuples - Sequence of compound data - ()
Lists - Sequence of multi-data type objects - []
Arrays - Sequence of constrained list of objects (all objects of same datatype)
- using array module from array package
Dictionary- Sequence of key-value pairs - {}
Sets - Sequence of unordered collection of unique data
Range - Used for looping - using built-in range( )
These can offer unique functionalities for the variables to contain and handle more than one data datatype at a time
Supports operations such as indexing, slicing, concatenation, multiplication etc.,
Sequence object initialization
In [ ]: strSample = 'learning' # string
In [ ]: lstNumbers = [1, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 5] # list with numbers
# (having duplicate values)
print(lstNumbers)
In [ ]: lstSample = [1,2,'a','sam',2] # list with mixed data types
print(lstSample) # (Having numbers and strings)
/
In [ ]: from array import * # importing array module
arrSample = array('i',[1,2,3,4]) # array
for x in arrSample: print(x) # printing values of array
The data types mentioned below can be used in creating an array of different data types.
Code Python Type Min bytes
===============================
'b' int 1
'B' int 1
'u' Unicode 2
'h' int 2
'H' int 2
'i' int 2
'I' int 2
'l' int 4
'L' int 4
'f' float 4
'd' float 8
In [ ]: tupSample = (1,2,3,4,3,'py') # tuple
In [ ]: tupleSample = 1, 2, 'sample' # tuple packing
print(tupleSample)
In [ ]: dictSample = {1:'first', 'second':2, 3:3, 'four':'4'} # dictionary
In [ ]: # Creating dictionary using 'dict' keyword
dict_list = dict([('first', 1), ('second', 2), ('four', 4)])
dict_list
In [ ]: setSample = {'example',24,87.5,'data',24,'data'} # set
setSample
/
In [ ]: rangeSample= range(1,12,4) # built-in sequence type used for looping
print(rangeSample)
for x in rangeSample: print(x) # print the values of 'rangeSample'
Sequence data operations: Indexing
Indexing just means accessing elements. To access elements, the square brackets can be used. There are many methods to access elements in python.
index() method finds the first occurrence of the specified value and returns its position
Syntax: object.index(sub[, start[, end]] ), object[index]
Index of the element is used to access an element from ordered sequences
The index starts from 0
Negative indexing is used to access elements from the end of a list
In negative indexing, the last element of a list has the index -1
String: Indexing
In [2]: strSample = 'learning' # string
In [3]: strSample.index('l') # to find the index of substring 'l' from the string 'learning'
Out[3]: 0
In [4]: strSample.index('ning') # to find the index of substring 'ning' from the string 'learning'
Out[4]: 4
/
In [5]: strSample[7] # to find the substring corresponds to 8th position
Out[5]: 'g'
In [6]: strSample[-2] # to find the substring corresponds to 2nd last position
Out[6]: 'n'
In [8]: strSample[-9] # IndexError: string index out of range
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<ipython-input-8-dd2637980702>", line 1, in <module>
strSample[-9] # IndexError: string index out of range
IndexError: string index out of range
List: Indexing
Syntax: list_name.index(element, start, end)
In [10]: lstSample = [1,2,'a','sam',2] # list
In [11]: lstSample.index('sam') # to find the index of element 'sam'
Out[11]: 3
In [12]: lstSample[2] # to find the element corresponds to 3rd position
Out[12]: 'a'
/
In [13]: lstSample[-1] # to find the last element in the list
Out[13]: 2
Array: Indexing
In [15]: from array import * # importing array module
In [16]: arrSample = array('i',[1,2,3,4])# array with integer type
In [17]: for x in arrSample: print(x) # printing the values of 'arrSample'
1
2
3
4
In [18]: arrSample[-3] # to find the 3rd last element from 'arrSample'
Out[18]: 2
Tuple: Indexing
In [20]: tupSample = (1,2,3,4,3,'py') # tuple
In [22]: tupSample.index('py') # to find the position of the element 'py'
Out[22]: 5
In [23]: tupSample[2] # to find the 3rd element of the 'tupSample'
Out[23]: 3
/
Set: Indexing
In [24]: setSample = {'example',24,87.5,'data',24,'data'} # sets
In [25]: setSample[4] # TypeError: 'set' object does not support indexing
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<ipython-input-25-b907ea72430f>", line 1, in <module>
setSample[4] # TypeError: 'set' object does not support indexing
TypeError: 'set' object is not subscriptable
Dictionary: Indexing
The Python Dictionary object provides a key: value indexing facility
The values in the dictionary are indexed by keys, they are not held in any order
In [27]: dictSample = {1:'first', 'second':2, 3:3, 'four':'4'} # dictionary
In [28]: dictSample[2] # KeyError: 2 - indexing by values is not applicable in dictionary
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<ipython-input-28-29139fb75065>", line 1, in <module>
dictSample[2] # KeyError: 2 - indexing by values is not applicable in dictionary
KeyError: 2
In [29]: dictSample[1] # to find the value corresponds to key 1
Out[29]: 'first'
/
In [30]: dictSample['second'] # to find the value corresponds to key second
Out[30]: 2
range: Indexing
In [31]: rangeSample= range(1,12,4) # built-in sequence type used for looping
for x in rangeSample: print(x) # print the values of 'rangeSample'
1
5
9
In [32]: rangeSample.index(0) # ValueError: 0 is not in range
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<ipython-input-32-6e72d566a242>", line 1, in <module>
rangeSample.index(0) # ValueError: 0 is not in range
ValueError: 0 is not in range
In [33]: rangeSample.index(9) # to find index of element 1
Out[33]: 2
In [34]: rangeSample[1] # given the index, returns the element
Out[34]: 5
/
In [35]: rangeSample[9] # IndexError: range object index out of range
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<ipython-input-35-d3bead8072c7>", line 1, in <module>
rangeSample[9] # IndexError: range object index out of range
IndexError: range object index out of range
=============================================================================
Sequence data operations: Slicing
The slice() constructor creates a slice object representing the set of indices
specified by range(start, stop, step)
Syntax: slice(stop), slice(start, stop, step)
If a single parameter is passed, start and step are set to None
In [ ]: strSample[slice(4)] # getting substring 'lear' from 'learning'
In [ ]: strSample[slice(1,4,2)] # getting substring 'er'
In [ ]: strSample[:] # learning
In [ ]: lstSample[-3:-1] # ['a', 'sam']
In [ ]: dictSample[1:'second'] # TypeError: unhashable type: 'slice'
/
In [ ]: setSample[1:2] # TypeError: 'set' object is not subscriptable
In [ ]: arrSample[1:] # array('i', [2, 3, 4])
In [ ]: arrSample[1:-1] # array('i', [2, 3])
In [ ]: rangeSample[:-1] # range(1, 9, 4)
=============================================================================
Sequence data operations: Concatenation
Syntax: ',','+','+='
In [ ]: lstSample+['py'] # [1, 2, 'a', 'sam', 2, 'py']
In [ ]: print(strSample+' ','python') # learning python
In [ ]: arrSample+[50,60] # TypeError: can only append array (not "list") to array
In [ ]: arrSample+array('i',[50,60]) # array('i', [1, 2, 3, 4, 50, 60])
In [ ]: tupSample+=('th','on')
print(tupSample) # (1, 2, 3, 4, 3, 'py', 'th', 'on')
In [ ]: setSample=setSample,24 # Converts to tuple with comma separated elements of set, dict, range
print(setSample) # ({24, 'data', 'example', 87.5}, 24)
=============================================================================
/
Sequence data operations: Multiplication
Syntax: object*integer
In [ ]: lstSample*2 # [1, 2, 'a', 'sam', 2, 1, 2, 'a', 'sam', 2]
In [ ]: lstSample[1]*2 # 4
In [ ]: lstSample[2]*2 # aa
In [ ]: tupSample[2:4]*2 # (3, 4, 3, 4) : Concatenate sliced tuple twice
In [ ]: tupSample[1]/4 # 0.5
In [ ]: arrSample*2 # array('i', [1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 3, 4])
In [ ]: strSample*=3 # concatenate thrice
In [ ]: print(strSample) # learninglearninglearning
In [ ]: rangeSample*2 # TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for *: 'range' and 'int'
=============================================================================
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