IAN JAN O.
RANOCO, LPT, MA
Understanding Globalization
globalization is a very important change, if not, the
“most important” (Bauman, 2003).
The Global Age
The reality and
omnipresence of
globalization makes us see
ourselves as part of what we
refer to as the “global age”
(Albrow, 1996).
So What then is globalization?
globalization encompasses a multitude of processes that involves the
economy, political systems, and culture.
Social structures, therefore are directly affected by globalization.
DIFFERENT DEFINITIONS
OF GLOBALIZATION
“the process of world shrinkage,
of distances getting shorter,
things moving closer.”
Thomas Larsso
““… globalization means the
onset of the borderless world….”
.”
Kenichi Ohmae
“....the inexorable integration of
markets, nation states and technologies
to a degree never witnessed before—in
a way that is enabling individuals,
corporations, and nation states to reach
around the world farther, faster, deeper,
and cheaper than ever before ...”
Thomas Friedman
“Globalization…..is a set of process
involving increasing liquidity …flows
& structures that are barriers to, or
can expedite these flows…..”
George Ritzer
If so,
1. why are we going to spend time studying this
concept?
2. How can we appreciate these definitions?
3. How can these help us understand globalization?
1. The perspective of the person who defines
globalization shapes its definition
2. Globalization is a debate and the debate is
globalization.
3. Globalization is a reality
Overall, globalization is a concept that is not
easy to define because it has a shifting nature.
It is complex, multifaceted, and can be
influenced by the people who define it.
Nevertheless, the task of defining
globalization should stimulate more
discussions about it. More importantly,
the act that we experience globalization
should give one the interest of engaging
in the study of it.
Metaphors of Globalization
Examples of Solid
Metaphor of Globalization
In liquidity, space and time
are crucial elements of
globalization
Liquidity in Globalization
is difficult to stop
Finally, the forces (the liquid ones) made political
boundaries more permeable to the flow of people
and things (Cartier, 2001). this brings us to
what Ritzer (2015) regarded as the most
important characteristic of liquid: it “tends to
melt whatever stands in its path
(especially solids) “. the clearest example is the
decline, if not death,
of the nation’s state.
the metaphor that could best
describe globalization is
liquidity.
Liquids do flow
Flows of liquid phenomena
Flows are the movement of
people, things, places, and
information brought by the
growing “porosity” of
global limitations (Ritzer,
2015).
Food are being globalized
“In global
financial system,
national borders
are porous.”
(Landler, 2008)
Other kinds of
globalization flows
Q.O.T.D
(question of the day)
Is Global Interconnectedness
a blessing or a curse to the
modern human society?
Globalization
flows
Homogeneity - the increasing sameness in
the world
Ethnic
Homogeneity
Political Homogeneity
The Problem with homogeneity
Perhaps, homogeneous ideology in every
aspect of life and society, blind the people living
in a homogeneous society about the
development of the rest of the world. Not
accepting changes is the main problem of the
leaders living in homogeneous society, which
eventually lead to the fall of the entire society
Heterogeneity – the creation of
various elements from different
societies.
Heterogeneous
society
a society which
consists of different
kinds of people from
various reason of the
world-which is
basically a society
that is ethnically
heterogeneous.
Heterogeneous
society
You become more
tolerant to the people
of the world.
You have the option to
pick the best manners
and attitude from the
world society
Tradition can be one of
the best things about life.
But when we try to keep
our cultures from
changing or growing at
all, we do ourselves a
great disservice.
Certainly, change and
growth are not always
easy processes. The road
to cultural understanding
and fusion is slow and
fraught with tension.
POINT FOR REFLECTION:
Is the world becoming
increasingly the same
or increasingly different?
Perspectives of global cultural flows
Cultural Cultural Cultural
Differentialism Hybridization Convergence
Cultural Differentialism
Emphasizes the fact that
cultures are essentially
different and are only
superficially affected by
global flows. The interaction
of cultures is deemed to
contain the potential for
“catastrophic collision”
Cultural
Hybridization
Emphasizes the
integration of local and
global cultures / evolution
of cultures. Globalization
is considered to be a
creative process which
gives rise to hybrid entities
that are not reducible to
either the global or the
local. A key concept is
“glocalization”.
Cultural
Convergence
Cultures are deemed
to be radically
altered by strong
flows, while cultural
imperialism happens
when one culture
imposes itself on and
tends to destroy at
least parts of another
culture.
GLOBALIZATION:
Where did it
start?
Hardwired Origin
one can trace the
beginning of globalization
from our ancestors in Africa
who walked out from their
places in the late Ice age for
the main reason of “ trade,
missionary work, adventure
& conquest”
-Nayan Chnada, 2007
Cycle as
Origin
Globalization is a
long cyclical
process and thus
finding its origin is a
daunting
experience( soon
disappear and
reappear )
– Scholte, 2005
Epoch
These are also series of
‘waves’( sequential
occurrence ) and
each has its own origin.
-Ritzer, 2015
Events
Composed of several
points / specific events
which characterized
globalization. Certainly
with this view, more and
more specific events will
characterize not just the
origins of globalizations but
also more of its history.
Broad Changes
Changes happened in the
last of the twentieth
century. Scholars today
point to these notable
changes as origins of
globalization as we know
today. These are: Free
world “ capitalism “,
Emergence of American
power / multinational
corporation, Demise of
USSR and end of the Cold
War
ASSIGNMENT
1. Read the study material that contains the
discussion on the PERIODS of
GLOBALIZATION.
2. Follow the instructions for the 1st
individual activity attached at the end of the
reading material.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JJ0nFD19eT8
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wLNp3kgBuuQ
Aldama,P.K.(2018). The Contemporary World, Quezon City Philippines, Rex
Printing Company,Inc.
Albrow, M. (1996).The Global Age: State & Society beyond Modernity,
USA,Stanford University press
Cox, R.(2000). Globalization, Multilateralism,
Friedman,T. (2005). The World is Flat. USA,175 fifth avenue, New York,
N.Y.Holthzbrink
Larsson,T.(2001). The Race to the Top: The Real Story of Globalization,1000
Massachusetts Ave., N.W. Washington D.C.,CATO Institute
Ohmae,K.(1992).The Borderless World. Power and Strategy in the Interlinked
Economy.
