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LC0: Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) in Java

The document explains Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) in Java, highlighting key concepts such as classes, objects, constructors, and the four pillars of OOP: encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction. It provides examples to illustrate each concept, such as defining a Dog class and creating objects from it. Additionally, it includes practice questions to reinforce understanding of OOP principles.

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11 views5 pages

LC0: Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) in Java

The document explains Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) in Java, highlighting key concepts such as classes, objects, constructors, and the four pillars of OOP: encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction. It provides examples to illustrate each concept, such as defining a Dog class and creating objects from it. Additionally, it includes practice questions to reinforce understanding of OOP principles.

Uploaded by

nilbarua51
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LC0: Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) in Java

What is OOP?

OOP means we design programs by thinking in terms of real-world objects — like dogs,
cars, books — each with properties (data) and actions (methods).

Java is built around OOP.

1. Class – The Blueprint

A class is like a recipe or blueprint. It defines what something is and can do, but it’s not the
thing itself.

Example:

class Dog {

String name;

int age;

void bark() {

System.out.println(name + " says Woof!");

This defines a Dog with:

 Two properties: name, age

 One action: bark()

2. Object – The Real Thing

An object is an actual dog made from the Dog class.


Example:

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Dog myDog = new Dog(); // create object

myDog.name = "Bruno"; // assign values

myDog.age = 5;

myDog.bark(); // call method

Output:

Bruno says Woof!

3. Constructor – Special Method to Build Objects

Constructors help initialize objects automatically.

Example:

class Dog {

String name;

int age;

// Constructor

Dog(String n, int a) {

name = n;

age = a;

void bark() {

System.out.println(name + " barks!");

Then in main:

Dog d = new Dog("Shadow", 3); // no need to assign values manually

d.bark();
4 OOP Pillars in Java

Pillar Meaning

Encapsulation Hides the internal details and exposes only what’s needed

Inheritance One class can inherit properties/methods from another

Polymorphism Same method name, di erent behavior (like overloading)

Abstraction Hiding complex reality, showing only what matters

Encapsulation Example:

class Person {

private String name; // private = hidden

public void setName(String newName) {

name = newName;

public String getName() {

return name;

Inheritance Example:

class Animal {

void makeSound() {

System.out.println("Some sound");

class Cat extends Animal {

void makeSound() {

System.out.println("Meow");

}
Polymorphism Example:

class MathUtils {

int add(int a, int b) {

return a + b;

double add(double a, double b) {

return a + b;

Abstraction Example:

abstract class Shape {

abstract void draw();

class Circle extends Shape {

void draw() {

System.out.println("Drawing a Circle");

Practice Questions:

Q1: Create a class Car with brand, model, and a method drive()

Q2: Make a Bird class that inherits from Animal and overrides makeSound() to print
“Tweet!”

Q3: Use encapsulation to protect a person’s age and create setAge() and getAge()
methods.
TL;DR Summary:

Concept What It Does

Class Blueprint for objects

Object Real thing created from a class

Constructor Sets initial values

Encapsulation Keeps data safe

Inheritance Passes features to child classes

Polymorphism One thing, many forms

Abstraction Hides complex stu , shows essentials

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