Jharkhand Economy
Ashish Ranjan
Profile of the Jharkhand
• The State of Jharkhand was created in November 2000 by bifurcating the erstwhile State
of Bihar.
• It covers a geographical area of 79,716 sq. km., of which, 29.76 per cent is covered by
forests.
• It is the 16th largest State of the country and has 24 districts.
• Jharkhand is endowed with a variety of mineral resources.
• The major mineral resources are coal, iron ore, bauxite, limestone, copper, mica, graphite,
china clay, and uranium.
• Jharkhand is the only State in the country producing coking coal and uranium.
• There were 373 mines of major minerals, 3,572 mines of minor minerals and 7 mines of
both major as well as minor minerals in the State, as on 31 March 2022.
• The State’s population increased from 3.33 crore in 2012 to 3.90 crore in 2022, an
increase of 17.11 per cent in the last 10 years.
Basic Feature of Jharkhand Economy
• Jharkhand is one of the richest mineral zones in the world and boasts 40% and 29% of India's
mineral and coal reserves, respectively.
• Due to its large mineral reserves, mining and mineral extraction are the major industries in the
state.
• Mineral production in the state stood at 138.15 million tonnes in FY23.
• Jharkhand is rich in mineral resources such as coal (27.3% of India’s reserves), iron ore (26% of
India’s reserves), copper ore (18.5% of India’s reserves), uranium, mica, bauxite, granite,
limestone, silver, graphite, magnetite, and dolomite.
• Jharkhand is the only state in India to produce coking coal, uranium, and pyrite.
• With 26% of the total iron ore (hematite) reserves, Jharkhand ranks second among the states.
• The state’s industries enjoy a unique location-specific advantage as it is close to the vast market of
eastern India. It is closer to the ports of Kolkata, Haldia, and Paradip which helps in the
transportation of minerals.
• About 80% of the rural population of the state depends on agriculture. Rice is the major food crop
of the state, covering 80% of the cropped area.
Trends of public expenditure, GSDP and per
capita income in Jharkhand
Revenue expenditure Capital expenditure Total expenditure
Gross State Domestic Product (Constant Price) Per Capita GSDP in Rs. Linear (Gross State Domestic Product (Constant Price))
300000
250000
200000
150000
100000
50000
E)
2
2
-0
-0
-0
-0
-0
-0
-0
-0
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-2
-2
-2
(B
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
3
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
-2
22
20
GSDP of Jharkhand and GDP of India
GSDP of Jharkhand and Its Growth Rate
• The GSDP was Rs. 1,50,918 crores in
the year 2011-12, the base year of the
current series of national accounts
statistics.
• It rose to become Rs. 2,29,274 crores
at constant prices and Rs. 3,05,695
crores at current prices in the year
2018-19.
• With a very low growth it became Rs.
2,31,755 crores at constant prices and
Rs. 3,10,305 crores at current prices in
the year 2019-20, the year of economic
slowdown.
• It declined because of COVID-19 and
the consequent lockdown to Rs.
2,19,483 at constant prices and Rs.
2,96,664 crores at current prices in the
year 2020-21.
Growth rate of Jharkhand and India
Per Capita income of Indian states
Sector-wise GDP in India
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Composition of Income
Sectorial share in GVA
