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NIOS CLASS 10th Basic Computing (608)

Written by Manish Verma

CHAPTER WISE IMPORTANT QUESTION ANSWERS

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INDEX

1. Computer Fundamentals

2. Operating System (Windows 98)

3. Introduction to MS Word

4. Formatting Documents

5. Mail Merge

6. Introduction to MS Excel

7. Formatting Worksheets

8. Charts and Graphics

9. PowerPoint

10. Internet and e-mail

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Chapter – 1

Q. What is computer?

Ans. A computer is a device that accepts information (in the form of digitalized data)

and manipulates it for some result based on a program, software, or sequence of

instructions on how the data is to be processed.

Q. Describe the functions of a computer?

Ans. Following are the description of the functions of computer.

• Accepting data,

• storing it,

• Processing it as needed,

• retrieve stored data as and when required, and

• Printing the result in the desired format.

Q. Describe the basic functions of a computer?

Ans. Computer mainly performs the following functions:

• It accepts information from various input devices such as keyboard, mouse, scanner,
joystick, trackwall and light pen.

• It performs mathematical and logical work on these information.

• It transmits the result to the outside world through output devices such as monitors

and printers.
• It stores information on storage devices such as hard disk, floppy and compact disk

(CD).
• It directs and coordinates the activities of the entire computer.

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Q. How Many main Categories of Computer Software are divided ?

Ans. Computer software is generally divided into two main categories.

1. Application Software

2. System Software
• Application software: Application software is a set of programs that operate certain

functions of computer users such as accounts, stores, payroll, etc. These software are

designed in high level language so that the user can easily get the work done from

the computer.
• System Software: When you switch on the computer, programs written or stored in

ROM are operated which enable the various units of your computer and prepare it to

work on it. This set of programs is called system software. Therefore, we can define

system software as a set of one or more programs that are designed to control the
functions of a computer system.

Q. What is the difference between hardware and software?

Ans. The difference between a hardware device and a software device is as follows –

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Q. Explain the use of computer in different fields?

Ans.

• Use in daily life

• Use in Education
• Use in Medicine

• Application in the field of banking

• Use in business

• Use in Government Offices

• Use in the field of entertainment

• Use in Defense and Military Sector

• USE IN SPORTS

• Use in Journalism
• USE IN INDUSTRY

• USE IN SCIENCE AND RESEARCH

• Use in the field of communication

• USE IN MARKETING

Q. Describe the different components of a computer?

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Chapter – 2

Q. What are the main features of Windows 98?

Ans. Microsoft Windows 98 is an upgraded version of Microsoft Windows 95. Windows

98 has special updates, fixes and support for new peripherals. Some of its features are
mentioned in the list below.

1. Visual or sighting facility: Any object that is seen becomes very easy to remember.

All system resources are displayed as icons or pictures. Files/folders or any other object
can be easily identified with the help of these small pictures (icons).

2. Long file names: This is one of the most attractive features of Windows 98. here .

File/folder names can be up to 255 characters long. File names can contain letters, dots,

commas, semicolons, equals, and brackets. A valid file name must not contain the
following characters. ,

3. Security: Windows 98 has the added security of protecting important files on your
computer such as backing up your registry automatically.

4. Customizable Taskbar: Windows can add many cool new features to the taskbar
which were not there in 95 or NT.

5. Active Desktop: This includes Active Desktop which allows users to customize their
desktop like the Internet.

6. Multitasking: Windows provides the facility to do more than one task at a time. We
can run many programs simultaneously i.e. take printouts. Can perform calculations on a
spread sheet, edit a document and create a database or search in it.

7. Plug and Play (PNP): Windows 95 has better PNP support for better device
discovery.

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8. Internet Explorer: Internet Explorer is also included in this.

Q. Tell about Windows 98 SE (Second Edition) feature?

Ans. Windows 98 SE has all the same features as Windows 98 but it has some extra
features. (fixes and patches). Below are the various new features of Windows 98 SE.

Operating: System (Windows 98) :: 13 Updates : Contains all the latest (modern)
updates of Windows 98 including year 2000 updates, USB support and much more.

Software: Internet Explorer, Outlook Express, Windows Media Player, Direct X,

NetMeeting and many more programs have updated versions (upgraded versions).

Drivers/Support: There is additional support for advanced technologies such as MMX,

USB, Pentium III and many more.

Q. Right the step how to use the mouse?

Ans. Many tasks in Windows are done using the mouse. With the mouse, you can easily

select any icon, folder or window. There are two steps to choosing: pointing and
clicking. You can open icons and folders by double clicking on them. You can click and
drag items to move them from place to place.

Point: To point at an object, move the mouse over the desk or mouse pad until the on-
screen mouse pointer touches the object.

Click: Click means to quickly release the pointer by keeping the pointer on the object
and pressing the left mouse button. If the object is an icon or window, it is highlighted.

Double click: Double click means to release the left mouse button by pressing twice at
once. Double clicking is often used to open a folder or window.

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Right Click: Right click means to press and release the right button of the mouse. Many

functions of Windows are done by right click. A shortcut menu appears in it that gives
quick access to common commands.

Pointing: This means to move the mouse by placing the mouse pointer on a specific

object, while holding down the left mouse button. This will move the object with the
mouse cursor and reach the new location. Release the mouse button here.

Scrolling: A small wheel is placed between two mouse buttons. By rotating this wheel
back and forth, you can move up and down in a document.

Q. Describe the different components of Windows?

Ans. Sizing: The size of the windows can be changed to keep it the size you want. In

Windows 98, there are 3 buttons in the top right corner of each window open. These
buttons look like the picture.

Minimize button (): The first button is the minimize button. A visible window can be
reduced to its minimum size by using the Minimize button.

Maximize/Restore Button (O): A window can be maximized to its maximum size. For

this, you have to click on the Maximize button in the middle. A maximized window can

be brought back to the same size by pressing the restore button. The Maximize button
changes to the Restore button as soon as the window is maximized.

Close Button (X) : The last button in the upper right corner of the window with an X
symbol can be clicked to close/close an active window.

Along with this, you can also enlarge the window to the desired size by pointing and
dragging on the border of the window.

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Q. What are the steps to copy a file or folder?

Ans.

1. Click on Start → Programs → Windows Explorer.

2. Click on the file you want to copy and select it.

3. Select the Copy option from the Edit menu or click the Copy icon on the Standard
toolbar.

4. Using My Computer, open the folder or disk drive where you want to copy.

5. Then go to the Edit menu again and select the Paste option or click the Paste icon on
the Standard toolbar.

Q. Suggest a faster way to copy files?

Ans. A faster way to copy files is given below:

1. Click on Start → Programs → Windows Explorer. Select the file you want to copy by
clicking on it in the right pane of the window.

2. Hold down the mouse button and drag and drop the file icon to the folder where the
file is to be copied.

3. Now release the mouse button. The selected file or files will be copied to the folder
where the file icon was left.

Q. What are the steps to move a file or folder from one place to another?

Ans. The steps of moving a file or folder from one place to another is very similar to
copying. Only in this we move the file from one place to another place in another folder.

1. Click on Start → Programs → Windows Explorer.

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2. Select the file you want to move by clicking on it.

3. Select the Cut option from the Edit menu or click on the 'Cut' icon on the standard
menu bar.

4. Using My Computer, open the folder or disk drive where you want to move the file.

5. Go to the Edit menu again, choose the Paste option, or click the Paste icon on the
Standard toolbar.

Q. What is the method to delete a file or folder?

Ans.

1. Go to Windows Explorer.

2. Select the file or folder you want to delete.

3. Go to File menu and click on Delete option.

In the second way, select the file or folder that you want to delete. Right click on the
file/fold. Select Delete from the popup menu. The file or folder will be deleted.

Q. Explain the method of copying a file to a floppy disk?

Ans.

1. Go to Windows Explorer or My Computer. Select the file to be copied by clicking on it.

2. Insert the disc into the floppy disk drive on which you want to copy the file.

3. Go to File menu, point to 'Send to' option and select A: drive (Floppy drive).

Alternatively, right-click on the file you want to copy to the floppy. Select the 'Send to'
option and then select the A: drive to copy the file to the floppy drive.

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Q. Right the step how to create a new folder?

Ans.

1. Go to My Computer or Windows Explorer.

2. Open the folder in which you want to create a new folder by double-clicking it.

3. Go to the File menu, point to 'New' and then click on the 'Folder' option.

4. The new folder will appear with a temporary name “New Folder”.

5. Click on the name of the folder, type in the desired name for the new folder and then
hit the Enter key.

6. This will create a folder with the new name.

Q. Right the step how to change the name of a file or folder?

Ans.

1. Go to My Computer or Windows Explorer.

2. Click on the file or folder you want to rename or rename.

3. Go to File menu and select 'Rename' option.

4. Type a new name for the file or folder and then hit the Enter key.

In another way, right-click on the file or folder that needs to be renamed. Select Rename
from the pop-up menu. Type a new name for the folder.

The folder name changes. For example, if you want to give a new name to a folder

named NIOS, then you can do so by the above procedure. This will change the name of
the folder to NIOS.

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Q. What is the question icon?

Ans. Icon is a graphical representation of a program or file present on the screen of a

computer. By double clicking on it, this program or file gets opened. For example, if you

open My Computer on the computer, Windows Explorer opens. In which you can see
your save file or folder. If you double click on the icon of Microsoft Word, then this
program opens.

Q. How many types of question icons are there?

Ans. There are two types of icons in computer.

1. System Icon

2. Duplicate

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 System Icon

System Icon are those which are present in the computer along with the operating

system in the computer. These icons can remain permanently in the computer, although

you can also hide them if you want. Let us know about some system icons of the
computer.

 My Computer Icon –

Double-clicking on this icon opens Windows Explorer. In this, all the partitions of the
computer can be opened Hard Disk Drive D, E, F, G. You can open any file or program
saved in these drives. Can save new file.

 My Documents

By default our file is saved in this icon. If we download anything from the Internet, then
it is saved by going to different folders of this icon.

 Recycle Bin Icon

The Recycle Bin Icon in the computer is also created by the system itself. This is the

dustbin of the computer. Whenever we delete any file or folder, it goes to Recycle Bin.
And only after deleting it, that file or folder is completely deleted.

 Shortcut Icon

Duplicate Icon of any file folder or program can be made. Which is called shortcut icon.

This is the Shortcut Icon To identify it, the solution for this icon is a mark so that you can
know that this is the shortcut icon.

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Q. What is the Question Folder?

Ans. Folder – looks like a yellow colored book icon on the secondary memory, it is used

as a cupboard, just like in a cupboard we keep your clothes, documents and other items

organized in different shells. Similarly, we can keep our files organized by creating other
folders inside a folder.

Q. How are question folders created?

1. Follow the following steps to create a folder-

2. First of all make sure where to create the folder.

Here we will create a folder on the desktop.

3. Click the right mouse button on an empty space

(where there is no icon) where the folder is to be

created.

4. Now click on New from the opened options menu.

5. Now select the Folder option from the opened options menu.

6. Rename the folder as you like.

7. Your folder is now created.

8. To open the folder, double-click with the left button of the mouse or select the folder
and click the right button of the mouse and select the open option.

9. Now you can place many files inside this folder, when you create another folder inside
this folder it will be called sub-folder.

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Chapter – 3

Q What is MS Word Screen?

Ans. As a result of the above commands, the MS Word program gets loaded into the

memory and displays the following screen. You will see the screen shown in which the

text area is empty. You can now start typing directly. But before typing text it is
necessary that we know about the basic components of MS Word document window.

1. Title Bar: This bar displays the name of the currently running program. This control
menu icon also displays Maximize and Minimize buttons and Restore and Close buttons.

2. Menu Bar: This bar is located just below the title bar. It consists of various menu

items such as File, View, Edit, Insert, Format etc along with dropdown sub menus like
Open, Close, Save, Cut, Copy and Paste.

3. Status Bar: This bar displays information about the active document. It contains the

current page number, section, line number and column where the cursor is currently
located.

4. Toolbar: It contains shortcut buttons or icons by which frequently used tasks can be
done faster and easier.

5. Color Bar: It helps the user to format vertical alignment of text in the active
document on a scale.

6. Scroll bar: Through this bar you can move up, down or right/left in a document with
the help of mouse. There are two scroll bars in a Word document: vertical and horizontal
scroll bars that move content up and down and left and right.

7. Workspace: This is the area in the document window where you enter the text and
graphical content of the document.

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Q. What is the function method of main menu option items?

Ans. The functions of all the items of the main menu are given below:

1. File: You can do all the file management operations with this as it has all the options
like opening, closing, saving, printing and exiting. Edit: Using this menu, you can cut,

copy, and paste various objects or text into your document. There is also an option to
Select All, Undo and Find in the Edit menu.

2. View: Using this menu, you can view the pages of your document in different modes

like Normal, Web Layout, Print Layout and Outline Mode. Each mode has its limitations.
For example, the graphical picture cannot be seen in normal mode.

You can also open or close the various tool bars from the View menu.

1. Insert: Using this menu you can insert various objects like page numbers, foot notes,
picture frames etc. into your document.

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2. Format: Using this menu, you can set different types of formatting like changing
fonts, adding borders and shading, aligning paragraphs, line spacing etc.

3. Tools: This menu gives you easy access to various tools/utilities of Word like spell

check, macros, mail merge etc. Table: This menu works in conjunction with the table.

Using this menu, you can perform a variety of tasks on the table such as create, delete
rows (delete lines), delete columns (delete columns), set width, etc. Window: This menu

lets you work with two documents simultaneously. It should have two windows equally
open so that one document can be kept in each.

4. Help: Using this menu, you will get online help for any function.

Q. Right the step method to save a word document?

Ans. After typing the text as shown above, it is good that you save your document for
future use again. Given below are the steps to save the document for the first time.

Select File → Save or File → Save As from the File menu or click the Save icon in the tool
bar.

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A window will appear and you have to choose from it the following things;

• Select the folder where you want to save the document by clicking on the 'Save in'

window.

• Put a name for the document (only for the first time save) so that the document can

be searched by the same name in the future.

• Word by default will save the document as the Word document itself. If you wish to

change the type of the document, you can change the type of the document by
selecting the correct type from the 'Save as type' window.

Q. What is the method of editing a document?

Ans. When you create a document and type text in it you can also make mistakes in it.

Correcting these mistakes is called editing. The process of editing includes any or all of
the following:

• To insert (insert) or delete (delete) a word, sentence or paragraph.

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• Move a block of text from place to place.

• Copying a block of text to more than one place.

Q. What is another editing command and tell its method?

Ans. There are some other important co-options in the edit option of the menu bar:

• Undo: Undo command is used to reverse the action of any edit. The Undo icon on

the tool bar serves the same purpose.

• Clear: Delete selected text in a Word document.

• Find: We use this option as Edit → Find to find any text in the document.

Q. What is the method of printing a word document?

Ans. Once the text is typed and saved then you can print the document on the printer.

When printing, you can either print the entire document or print selected pages of it.
For printing also you first open that file.

If you want to print the entire document, the easiest and quickest way is to click the
Print button on the tool bar. Otherwise follow the steps below.

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Select File → Print from the menu bar. Print dialog box will open on the screen.

• Select the printer name if you want to print on a printer other than the default

printer.

• In the Page Range section, specify the page numbers you want to print. If the pages
are not in order, they can be selected by typing the number in the box against the
pages. Like 6, 9, 11. If the pages are in order we can give the range 2-9 or 7-13 like

this. It is also possible that we print all even number pages in one range and all odd

number pages in another range.

• In the Number of copies box, type the number of copies of one page you want to
print, and finally click OK.

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Chapter- 4

Q. Explain the process of formatting of documents?

Ans. Formatting text in a document means choosing font type, choosing font size,

coloring text, adding shadow, aligning text to the left, right or center, setting spacing

between lines, paragraph Setting up, bulleting or numbering text, creating borders and
shading, changing the case of text, from lower case to uppercase or vice versa.

There are two ways of formatting a document. One is by using the autoformat feature of

MS Word where the document is analyzed and the relevant formatting tools are

automatically used by MS Word. Another way is to select and use the formatting tools
available in MS Word as per our requirement. We will describe the commonly used
features one by one.

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Q. Explain the process of using question fonts?

Ans. To change the font style or font size and other related effects follow these steps;

Select the text on which you want to use the font setting;

Choose Format → Font. A font dialog box will appear on the screen.

Select the font size, style and colors you want from the drop down lists in the dialog

box. While you are doing this, a preview of the selected options will continue to appear
on the screen. Once all the selections are done, click on the OK button.

The selected text is formatted based on the selections made. All this formatting can also
be done through the font name, size, color, etc. icons available on the Word toolbar.

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Also, to add special effects to the font, click the appropriate check boxes. To enter a
subscript or superscript, click the corresponding box. For example: B 1 and 15th.

Q. Explain the process of setting question paragraph?

Ans. Paragraph setting is used either on selected text or on the entire document. It
allows setting indents, spacing and line breaks. Select the paragraph or paragraphs for
which you want to use the settings.

Format - Select Paragraph. Paragraph dialog box will appear on the screen.

To set line spacing, choose Spacing (Single, 1.5 or Double) from the dropdown menu,

or type the spacing as a number. Select the text alignment as left, right, center, or
justified from the dropdown menu of the Alignment box. You can also choose the

amount of spacing to be placed before or after the paragraph in the appropriate box. In

the Special box, you can select any special effect if you want to apply it to the text.

Finally click on OK. Some of these effects can also be selected from toolbar icons such
as Justified, Special from the Ruler, etc. All changes can be seen in the preview area.

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Q. Explain the procedure to change case for question text?

Ans. Sometimes we want to convert smallcase letters to uppercase or mixedcase or vice

versa. This is very easy to do in Word. There are steps to change the case of text.

Select the text to be changed case in the active Word document.

Format - Select Changecase. A dialog box will open.

Select the option you want to replace the text with and click OK. The case of the text will
change depending on the selected option.

• Sentence Case: In this the first letter of each sentence is changed to capital.
• Lowercase: Converts each letter of the selected text to smallcase letters.

• Uppercase: This converts each letter of the selected text to capital letters.
• Title Case: This converts the first letter of each word to uppercase.

Q. Describe the question bullets and numbering?

Ans. Mostly to highlight some points we want to display them in a special way so that

they can attract the attention of the reader. To do this, bullets can be placed in the text
or the numbering of the text can be done. Its stages are;

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• Select the text in which the bullets or numbering are to be placed.

• Select Format - Bullets and Numbering. A dialog box will appear.

• Select a bullet or numbering style from the dialog box and click OK.

• You can customize them by choosing your own custom bullet symbols or numbering
from the Customize option.

Q. What is the process of adding additional features to a document?

Ans. Inserting Header and Footer

Header and footer contain the text that needs to be displayed on each page of the
document. For example chapter name, company name etc. The header will always

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appear at the top of the page and the footer will appear at the bottom of the page. The
steps to install the header and footer are;

• Select View - Header & Footer from the menu bar.

• A header footer tool bar will appear. Type the message or text of the header or

footer in it.
• Click on Close button.

Q. What is the procedure for checking automatic spelling?

Ans. As you go on typing the document, Word automatically checks the spelling and

grammar. Spelling errors are shown underlined in red. The step to turn on automatic
spelling check is;

• Select Tools → Options. Select Spelling and Grammar.

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• Click on the check box that says "Check spelling as you type". Click OK.

Q. Explain the process of using auto correct?

Ans. Automatic way to find and correct typing mistakes, wrong spelling of words,

grammar mistakes and wrong capitalization etc. is by autocorrect feature of word. You

can also use AutoCorrect to quickly insert text, graphics, or symbols. The steps to create
auto correct entries are;

• Tools - Select AutoCorrect. The AutoCorrect dialog box will appear.

• Select the option box in the AutoCorrect box.

• Type incorrectly spelled words (which often get misspelled, such as (the) instead of
(teh)) in the 'replace' box and the correct word in the 'with' box.
• Ask to add it to the autocorrect list by clicking the add button. Click OK.

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Chapter – 5

Q. Basically how many steps are there in the mail merge feature of MS Word?

Ans. There are basically three steps in the mail merge feature of MS Word.

• Preparation of main document - The general body of the letter is called the main
document or basic form letter.

• Creating a data source - the addresses of all the people to whom the letter is to be
sent - is called the data source.

• Merging the data source and the main document - Word's mail merge option reads

this data and merges it with the main document to generate letters for all the records in
the data file.

Q. What is the main document preparation process?

Ans. The steps to prepare a document are as follows:

• Select Tools - Mail Merge from the main menu.

• The Mail Merge Helper dialog box appears on the screen as shown in the figure.

• Click on the Create button. The Create drop down list appears. Select “Form Letter”
from it.

• The Microsoft Word dialog box will open. Click on the Active Window button, so that

the document currently in use will be used as the main document, otherwise create a

new document by clicking "New Main Document". After that use the document as
“Active Window Document”.

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Q. In order to insert merge fields from data source, following steps have to be
followed?

Ans. To insert merge fields from a data source into the document, follow these steps:

• Select the Mail Merge Helper dialog box.

• Click on “Edit Main Document”. Select the name of the file that contains the text of the
letter. The “Document” window will open on the screen.

• Place the cursor where you want to insert the merge fields. Click the Insert Merge Field
button. A list of data fields will drop down from the data source file.

• Click on the field to be inserted at the current position. The field name will appear in

the document inside brackets. Enter all merged fields in the document by repeating this
step.

• Save the document by clicking the Save icon on the Standard toolbar.

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Q. Explain the process of merging data sources in the main document?

Ans. Now we have created a common form sheet and data file for it. We are ready to
merge the two. Its steps are:

• Opening the main document.

• Click the Merge button on the Mail Merge toolbar.

• A dialog box will open on the screen.

• Fill in the required information in the boxes. Select "New Document" from the

"Merge to" box. If you want to save the merged document under a different name,
type a name in the "Merge to" box. You may want to merge only a certain range of

data or the entire data in the data source. Click 'ALL' for all records or enter the

number of selected records in the "From and To" box. Once the selection is
complete, click "Merge".

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Q. What is the procedure for printing a merged document?

Ans. In the merged document, the data from the common letter and data file is fitted

and this document is stored in the document named in the above process. You can print

this document on the printer or, when you are satisfied with a preview of them, select
the Print option from the File menu.

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Chapter – 6

Q. What is the procedure to start Excel?

Ans.

• Click the Start button on the Windows 98 taskbar, which is located at the bottom of

the screen.
• Highlight a program item. The program menu will open.

• Select Microsoft Excel from the list of programs.

• Click on Microsoft Excel.

• Select Start-Programs-Microsoft Excel.

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Q. Explain the complete process of creating an excel worksheet?

Excel allows you to create worksheets much like paper ledgers that can perform

automatic calculations. Each Excel file is a workbook that can hold many worksheets. The

worksheet is a grid of columns (designated by letters) and rows (designated by

numbers). The letters and numbers of the columns and rows (called labels) are displayed
in gray buttons across the top and left side of the worksheet. The intersection of a

column and a row is called a cell. Each cell on the spreadsheet has a cell address that is

the column letter and the row number. Cells can contain either text, numbers, or
mathematical formulas.

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Q. Explain the complete process of data entry in Excel worksheet?

Ans. You can enter many types of data in a cell.

• Numbers or numbers: Your numbers can be any whole numbers (eg 25), decimal

numbers (eg 25. 67) and scientific numbers (eg 0.2567 E+2). If you have entered a
very long number in Excel, it automatically shows that number in scientific form. You

will also see some number symbols in the form of (####) if an entry is too long. In

this case if you widen that cell you will be able to read that number.

• Text or Text: First select the cell in which the data is to be entered, then enter the
text in it. This text will appear in both the active cell and the formula bar. If you want

to write numbers as text, type the first letter of the number as a (') symbol. This is

called apostrophe in English. You cannot do any calculations with this type of data

entry.
• Date and Time: When you enter date/date and time/time, Excel converts these to

serial numbers and treats them as background information. But these dates and

times will appear for you in the worksheet in the same format you entered them.

• Data in Series: You can either fill a range of cells with a single value or a series of
values using AutoFill.

Q. Explain the process of editing the question data?

Ans. Editing your excel worksheet data is very easy. You can modify your data in any
one of these ways i.e. edit it.

• Select the cell that contains the data to be edited. Press F2. Delete an incorrect entry

by pressing the Backspace key. Retype the correct entry.

• Select the cell and just retype the correct entry.

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• If you want to clear only the contents of the cell, select the cell and press the Delete

key.

• To bring back the previous entry, either click the Undo button on the standard bar or
choose the Edit-Undo command or use the CTRL+Z keyboard shortcut.

Q. What are the main features of Excel?

Ans.

• There are 256 columns in a single sheet of MS Excel.

• There are 65536 rows in a single sheet of MS Excel.

• There are 16777216 cells in a worksheet of Ms Excel.

• 32767 words can be written in one cell of MS Excel

• Ms Excel can use dates from 1st January 1900 to 31st December 9999, in this way it
can calculate 2958465 days.

• Ms Excel does even the biggest calculations in a few seconds.

• Never gives wrong information related to MS Excel Calculation.

Q. What is the difference between a worksheet and a workbook?

Ans.

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Chapter – 7

Q. What are the basic characteristics of a formula?

Ans.

• A formula can contain operators, cell references, range names, values, and functions.

• A formula always starts with the = (EqualTo) sign.

• When a formula is entered in a cell and the Enter key is pressed, only the calculated

result is displayed in the cell and not the formula.

• If we make a cell that contains a formula as an active cell, then the value will appear
in the cell while the formula will appear in the formula bar.

Q. Explain the process of copying the question data and formulas to another
worksheet?

Ans. There are three steps in the process of copying data and formulas to another
worksheet.

• Select the range of data to be copied and click Copy on the Standard toolbar

• Click the button or choose the Copy command from the shortcut menu that appears

when you right-click.

• Select the worksheet where the copy command should be taken (click on the
worksheet name or number at the bottom of the screen). Select the cells where you

want to paste the data.

• Press the Enter key or click the Paste button. Remember that you can press the Undo
button if the copy isn't done correctly.

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Q. What is the query function called?

Ans. A function is a block of code that runs only when it is called. You can pass known

data as a parameter to a function. Functions are used to perform certain actions, and

they are important for code reuse: define the code once, and use it multiple times. C++

provides some pre-defined functions, such as main(), which are used to execute code.
But you can also create your own tasks to perform certain tasks.

To create a function (often referred to as declare), specify the name of the function,
followed by parentheses ()

Q. Give examples of functions?

Ans.

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Q. Describe the different class of function?

Ans. There are more than 250 functions in Excel that perform various types of
calculations. These functions are divided into 10 categories. These categories are:

• Financial
• Date and Time

• Mathematical

• Statistical

• Lookup and Reference

• Database

• •Text

• Logical

• Information
• User defined

Q. Explain the process of linking worksheets?

Ans. If you want to use in a formula the value of one cell of one worksheet of same

workbook in other worksheet of same workbook then you have to link both the

worksheets. For example, if you want to add the value of cell A1 in one worksheet to the

value of cell A2 in another worksheet, you can do this using the format "SheetName.
Cell Address". The formula for this example would be “=A1+Sheet2/A2” which would
add the value of the AI cell of the current sheet to the value of the A2 cell of Sheet 2.

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Chapter – 8

Q. What are Charts?

Ans. Chart Chart is formed by the combination of signs, words, pictures and lines. In
this, scientific ideas, formulas or rules are presented in a systematic manner.

Q. What are the types of charts?

Ans. Mainly the following types of charts are used.

Bar Chart

Bar charts are one of the most common data visualizations. You can use them to quickly

compare data across categories, highlight differences, show trends and outliers, and
reveal historical highs and lows at a glance. Bar charts are especially effective when you
have data that can be split into multiple categories.

Line Chart

The line chart, or line graph, connects several distinct data points, presenting them as

one continuous evolution. Use line charts to view trends in data, usually over time (like

stock price changes over five years or website page views for the month). The result is a
simple, straightforward way to visualize changes in one value relative to another.

Pie Chart

Pie charts are powerful for adding detail to other visualizations. Alone, a pie chart

doesn’t give the viewer a way to quickly and accurately compare information. Since the

viewer has to create context on their own, key points from your data are missed. Instead
of making a pie chart the focus of your dashboard, try using them to drill down on other
visualizations.

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Maps

Maps are a no-brainer for visualizing any kind of location information, whether it’s

postal codes, state abbreviations, country names, or your own custom geocoding. If you

have geographic information associated with your data, maps are a simple and
compelling way to show how location correlates with trends in your data.

Density Maps

Density maps reveal patterns or relative concentrations that might otherwise be hidden
due to an overlapping mark on a map—helping you identify locations with greater or

fewer numbers of data points. Density maps are most effective when working with a
data set containing many data points in a small geographic area.

Scatter Plot

Scatter plots are an effective way to investigate the relationship between different
variables, showing if one variable is a good predictor of another, or if they tend to

change independently. A scatter plot presents lots of distinct data points on a single
chart. The chart can then be enhanced with analytics like cluster analysis or trend lines.

Gantt Chart

Gantt charts display a project schedule or show changes in activity over time. A Gantt

chart shows steps that need to be completed before others can begin, along with
resource allocation.

Bubble Chart

Although bubbles aren’t technically their own type of visualization, using them as a

technique adds detail to scatter plots or maps to show the relationship between three or

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more measures. Varying the size and color of circles creates visually compelling charts
that present large volumes of data at once.

Treemap

Treemaps relate different segments of your data to the whole. As the name of the chart
suggests, each rectangle in a treemap is subdivided into smaller rectangles, or sub-

branches, based on its proportion to the whole. They make efficient use of space to
show percent total for each category.

For more types of charts, visual examples, tips, and information, download our

whitepaper. In this paper, you’ll learn about different chart (and graph) types—from bar

charts to density maps to box-and-whisker plots. You'll also learn when to use one chart
over another, along with tips on how to leverage these chart types for maximum impact.

Q. Describe the components or components of charts?

The are a nurno pornonents of a chart. Some of the major components are listra in We
will briefly discuss them.

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Chart Title - Aide given to the whole chart.

X-Axis Title - A title given to the X-axis data range.

Y-Axis Title - A title given to the Y-axis data range.

X-Axis Category - These are the categories of the data which have been plotted. These
are taken from the first column or first row of your data range.

Y-Axis Value - This is the data range marked to plot the data series.

Data Labels - The values of the data series plotted.

Legends - Specifies the colour, symbol or pattern used to mark data series.

Tick Marks - These marks are used to show the scaling of Xaxis and Y-axis.

Grid Lines - Displays lines at the major intervals on the category X-axis and/or Y-axis.

Q. What is Chart Formatting Toolbar?

1. Chart Objects List - To select an object on the chart to format, click the object on
the chart or select the object from the Chart Objects List and click the Format button.

A window containing the properties of that object will then appear to make

formatting changes.

2. Chart Type - Click the arrowhead on the chart type button to select a different type
of chart.

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3. Legend Toggle - Show or hide the chart legend by clicking this toggle button.

4. Data Table view - Display the data table instead of the chart by clicking the Data

Table toggle button.

5. Display Data by Column or Row - Charts the data by columns or rows according to

the data sheet.

6. Angle Text - Select the category or value axis and click the Angle Downward or
Angle Upward button to angle the selected by +/- 45 degrees.

Q. Explain the process of editing a graphic?

Insert Picture will display the image selection window and allows you to change the
image.

• Image Control allows to to make the image gray scale, black and white, or a
watermark.

• More/Less Contrast modifies the contrast between the colors of the image.

• More/less Brightness will darken or brighten the image. Click Crop and drag the

handles on the activated image to delete outer portions of the image.

• Line Style will add a variety of borders to the graphic.

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• Text Wrapping will modify the way the worksheet text wraps around the graphic.

• Format Picture displays all the image properties in a separate window.

• Reset Picture will delete all the modifications made to the image.

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Chapter – 9

Q. What are the components of a power point presentation?

Ans. PowerPoint presentation is a collection of slides, handouts, speaker's notes and

outline, all in one file. A presentation is created as a collection of individual slides.

Slides: Slides are individual'sheets' of a presentation. Slides consist of titles, subtitles,

text matter, graphs, freeform art, shapes, clipart, and visuals.

Handouts: Handouts are printed versions or copies of slides. This contains the text we

want to pass onto the audience. It allows having two, three, four, six or nine slides per
page of handout.

Speaker's Notes: This provides a speaking aid for the presenter. These notes can be

created for ea i individual slide and can be printed for use by the speak at the time of
presentation. The top part of the notes contains the image and the bottom part contains
the text or explanation of the same.

Outlines: In this option, only the titles and main text appear and not the art etc. A user
can work in this outline mode without switching to the image mode of the presentation.

Presentation files: All PowerPoint slides for a particular project are stored in a single
file called a presentation file. The presentation file of powerpoint software have a .ppt
extension.

Masters: For every presentation we create, a set of masters are created by the
powerpoint software. These hold information that will appear on multiple slides in the

presentation. These are used for modifying title area, footers, slide numbers, rearrange

the number of slides to be printed on a page, etc. The various masters are: Slide Master,
Title Master, Notes Master, and Handout Master.

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Q. Power point screen Describe the different components?

The various components of Powerpoint screen are:

Menu Bar: This is the bar, which you have already seen and used in other MS Office

applications such as MS Word. It contains File, Edit, View, Insert, Format, Tools, Slide
Show, Window and Help menus.

Status Bar: This is same as in other applications and provides information about the

task being performed. It is located at the bottom of the screen and provides information
about the slide number currently active alongwith the total number of slides in the
presentation.

ToolBars: These are the shortcut buttons or icons for performing most common

operations. For example to create a drawing, we can activate drawing toolbars for quick
operations. The toolbars can be activated through View menu.

Scroll Bar: This helps in movement from slide to slide in a presentation. Also for
sequential slide movement, the scroll buttons at the bottom can be used.

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Q. Explain the process of inserting header and footer in slide.

Ans. You can add the date and time slide numbers, and other footer text to the master
slide from the Header and Footer window.

Select View → Header and Footer... from the menu bar.

Q. Explain the process of formatting the test?

Ans.

Formatting Text

Select the text that will be formatted by highlighting the text either on the outline or on

the slide. Choose Format >Font from the menu bar or right-click on the highlighted

selection and select Font from the popup shortcut menu or. Select a font face, size, style,

effect, and colour from the Font dialog box. Click the Preview button to see how the
changes will appear on the slide before making a decision.

Video

To add a video to your presentation select Insert Movies and Sounds → Movie from File

or to insert an animation from Microsoft's gallery choose Insert Movies and Sounds →
Movie from Gallery. Select the video file and click OK.

Audio

To add sound to your presentation select Insert Movies and Sounds

→ Sound from Gallery or Sound from File. Select a sound file and click OK

Spell Check The spelling checker in PowerPoint compares all the words in your

document with an on-line dictionary file. When the spelling checker finds a word that's

not in the dictionary file, it highlights the word in your slide and displays the word in the

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Spelling dialog box. As with most word processing spelling checkers, the Power Point

Spelling dialog box allows you to make changes, ignore recommendations, obtain
suggested spellings, or add the word to a personal dictionary.

Q. Explain the process of setting up a slide show?

Ans. A slide show is the continuos presentation of several slides so as to serve some

purpose such as new product briefing, explaining new technology, etc. Once you have
prepared individual slides, to set up a slide show follow the steps:

1. Start the Powerpoint program.

2. Open the Powerpoint file for which the slide show is to be setup.

3. Choose Slide Show → Set Up Show from the menu.

4. The following screen is displayed. Make appropriate selections in the Show type. The
traditional full screen show is the default. In this you can advance the slides manually or
you can set automatic timings using Rehearse command.

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7. Select the slides to be included for the Slide show. To include all slides, select All

8. Click the way you want to move from one slide to another in the show. If you want

that you should go to the next slide everytime by clicking the mouse, select Manually
9. Click OK. The Slide show is ready.

Q. Explain how to run a slide show?

Ans. There are several ways to run a PowerPoint slide show set up by following the

steps mentioned above. However one of the most effective ways to run a presentation is

the On-screen slide show. In this the entire screen is available for presentation. To run
an On Screen Slide show, complete the following steps:

1. Open the presentation for which you want to run a slide show.

2. Choose the Slide Show → View Show command, or click the Slide Show button in
the lower left corner of the PowerPoint window.

3. The first slide appears on the full screen.

4. If the transition is automatic, the subsequent slides will be displayed automatically

after specified time duration. Otherwise, click the mouse button to advance to the
next slide. Continue doing so until all the slides are seen.
5. To stop the show in between, press the Esc key.

Q. Explain the process of printing a power point presentation?

Ans. To print a slide or presentation as a hard copy:

Open the presentation using File Open.

Print the presentation by selecting File → Print from the menu bar. The Print dialog
box will open.

What to Print: The various options under this are as follows:

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Slides: It prints full page slides on each page.

Hand Outs: This prints as many slides on each page as you specify. • Notes Pages: Prints
a slide and its notes on each page.

Outline View: Prints the outline of the presentation on each page. Select the required
option and click on OK.

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Chapter – 10

Q. What is Internet?

Ans. The Internet, sometimes called simply "the Net," is a worldwide system of

computer networks a network of networks in which users at any one computer can, if

they have permission, get information from any other computer (and sometimes talk
directly to users at other computers).

Q. What are the characteristics of internet?

Ans. Following are the features of Internet

World Wide Web

The World Wide Web is a network of networks that connect billions of devices around

the world. It is a system of interconnected computer networks that use the Internet
Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) to connect billions of devices worldwide.

The web was invented by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989 and originally served as a way to

share information over the Internet. Berners-Lee wrote the first web browser in 1990,

and it became an alternative to Usenet newsgroups, the dominant form of online

communication at the time. The World Wide Web grew rapidly and by 1994, there were
over half a million websites on the Internet.

E-mail

E-mail is a digital form of communication used to send messages, text, pictures or other

digital files from one computer to another. The term "email" was coined in the 1970s by
Ray Tomlinson who developed the technology and became the first to use email.

It is a popular medium for exchanging personal and business information. This has

made communication more convenient as it can be accessed on any device with an

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internet connection. E-mail has made it easy to share digital content such as documents,

pictures, audio clips and videos with others who do not have access to these files or

devices. However, e-mail has also become a target for hackers as they are looking for
vulnerabilities in systems that can be exploited for malicious purposes.

News

1. There is an Internet-based service news, which includes many newsgroups.

2. Each newsgroup hosts discussions on a specific topic. There are different newsgroups
on all topics.

Telnet

Telnet is a protocol that enables people to remotely log in and control computers over a
network.

Telnet is a protocol that enables people to remotely log in and control computers over a

network. It is primarily used to refer to Unix-like operating systems such as Linux or

FreeBSD, or to connect and administer programs that run on those operating systems.

Telnet was designed for remote terminal control, but it also supports remote terminal

display functions, so it can be used to access text-based applications running on other

computers in the same way as access to SSH graphical applications. provides.

File Transfer Protocol

FTP is a network protocol used to transfer files between computers.

FTP is a network protocol used to transfer files between computers. It is mainly used for

web hosting on the Internet and for exchanging files over large distances. FTP uses TCP,

which means it can only be accessed from within the same network or the Internet.

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Servers can be located anywhere in the world and still be accessible by clients elsewhere
in the world.

Internet Relay Chat (IRC)

Internet relay chat is a protocol that allows people to chat with each other through a
server. It was first developed in 1988 by Jarko Okarinen and has been continuously
updated since then.

IRC is also known as chat room, discussion forum or chat channel. They are usually used
to discuss a specific topic. People can join an IRC channel by connecting to a server that
hosts it with an IRC client and then entering the channel name in the client's input line.

Q. How does the Internet work?

Ans. With the Internet, we have access to an intricately connected global computer

network. It is estimated that the Internet has become a global network of 230 countries
in less than two decades. Now there are also relations between developing countries
which were previously unconnected.

Online is often referred to as the "Internet" by many. A computer network is all that is
actually "the Internet". Similar to the telephone network or worldwide highway system.

Internet and telephone are both networks. Telephone calls and road traffic run "above"

the basic network. Similarly, things like the World Wide Web (our access to online

information), instant messaging programs, MP3 music downloads, IPTV (television

streaming over the Internet) and file sharing all use the same basic computer network.

Computers (and computer networks in colleges, businesses, and schools) are mostly

connected to the Internet using telephone lines. Connecting computers is a combination

of copper cables, fiber-optic cables (which transmit messages in pulses of light), and
wireless radio connections (which transmit information in radio waves).

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Q. What are the characteristics of e-mail?

Ans.

• One-to-one or one-to-many communications

• Instant communications
• Physical presence of recipient is not required

• Most inexpensive mail services, 24-hours a day and seven days a week Encourages
informal communications.

Q. What is the basic purpose of FTP?

Ans.

• To give flexibility and promote sharing of computer programs, files and data

• To transfer data reliably and more efficiently over network

• To encourage implicit or indirect use of remote computers using Internet

• To shield a user from variations in file storage systems among hosts.

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Q. Describe the basic steps of an FTP session?

Ans.

• Start up your FTP client, by typing ftp on your system's command line/C>' prompt

(or, if you are in a Windows, double-click on the FTP icon)

• Give the FTP client an address to connect to. This is the FTP server address to which

the FTP client will get connected

• Identify yourself to the FTP remote site by giving the Login Name and password

• Remote site will verify the Login Name/Password to allow the FTP client to access its
files

• Look directory for files in FTP server

• Change Directories if required

• Set the transfer mode (optional);

• Get the file(s) you want, and
• guit.

Q. Why does a Telnet session require steps?

Ans.

• A Telnet session requires the following steps.

• Start the Telnet program,

• give the telnet program an address to connect to (some telnet packages allow you to

combine the above two steps to get started in one simple step),
• Know what the "escape character" is,

• Login to the remote computer,

• Set up terminal emulation,

• be around remote computers and

• Quit or come out.

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Q. What are the main types of search services located on the Internet?

Ans. There are two main types of search services located on the Internet:

1) 'Search engines' that index words in Internet documents.

2) "directories" that classify web documents or locations into an arbitrary subject

classification method or taxonomy.

Q. What is an output device? Give examples of any two.

Ans. Output is made up of two words out and put. Let us tell you that both these words

are of English language in which out means out and put means to put. With this soft we
can understand the meaning of output, the action of extracting or extracting that means

whenever we give any input to the computer, the information we get in return is called
output.

Give examples of any two questions.

• Monitor

• Speaker

Q. State the functions of an output device?

Ans.

1. These units provide output to the user.

2. Transforms the results obtained after processing by the computer in such a form,

which can be understood by the users.

3. Through these devices, we are able to see or get the information processed by the
computer (CPU).

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4. With the help of these units, we can either see the result as through a monitor, or

listen

5. For example, by means of speaker, or with the help of equipment like printer and
plotter, you can also get the result by printing it in hard copy means paper etc.

Q. What are the types of output devices?

Ans. Output devices can be divided into two parts or it is of two types.

• Soft copy output device

• Hard copy output device

Q. What are the main features of MS-World?

Ans.

1. Editing-

Before printing the typed text in MS Word, you can modify it if mistakes occur and can
also easily perform actions like adding new text, deleting old text.

2. Formatting

Formatting is a technique to make typed text beautiful and attractive. In this, the font

size, font style, font name, font color of the text can be easily changed. It can replace
spaces between words, lines, or paragraphs.

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Q. Mention the components of an e-mail address?

Ans. As in the case of normal mail system, e-mail is also based upon the concept of a

recipient address. The e-mail address provides all of the information required to get a
message to the recipient from anywhere in the world. Consider the e-mail ID

[email protected]

In the example above, "param" is the local part, which is the name of a mailbox on the

destination computer, where finally the e-mail will be delivered. Hotmail is the mail
server where the mailbox "param" exist, .com is the type of organization on net, which is
hosting the mail server.

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