Operating System
ASSIGNMENT - 01
NAME : VEERA KUMAR . A
REG NO : 21SUCA040
CLASS : 3rd BCA
Define Operating system?
An Operating System can be defined as an interface
between user and hardware. It is responsible for the
execution of all the processes, Resource
Allocation, CPU management, File Management and many other
tasks.
The purpose of an operating system is to provide an environment in
which a user can execute programs in convenient and efficient
manner.
What does an Operating system do?
Process Management
Process Synchronization
Memory Management
CPU Scheduling
File Management
Security
Types of Operating Systems (OS)
An operating system is a well-organized collection of programs that
manages the computer hardware. It is a type of system
software that is responsible for the smooth functioning of the
computer system.
Operating Systems Architecture :
An operating system is a program
that acts as an interface between a
user of a computer and the
computer resources. The purpose
of an operating system is to provide
an environment in which a user may
execute programs. Hardware.
Different Types of OS Architecture :
The Operating System Architecture is of four types. These types are
mentioned below.
Monolithic Architecture
Layered Architecture
Microkernel Architecture
Network Architecture
Monolithic Architecture :
Monolithic Architecture is the oldest and the simplest type of Operating
System Architecture. In this architecture, each and every component is
contained in a single kernel only. The various components in this OS
Architecture communicate with each other via function calls.
Layered Architecture :
In a layered architecture, the operating system is divided into layers,
with each layer performing a specific set of functions. The layers are
organized in a hierarchical order, with each layer depending on the
layer below it. The layering approach makes the system easier to
maintain and modify, as each layer can be modified independently
without affecting the other layers.
Microkernel Architecture :
Process management, networking, file system interaction, and device
management are executed outside the kernel in this architecture,
while memory management and synchronization are executed inside
the kernel. The processes inside the kernel have a relatively high
priority, and the components are highly modular, so even if one or
more components fail, the operating system continues to function.
Network Architecture :
o Network architecture refers to the way network devices and
services are structured to serve the CONNECTIVITY needs of client
devices. Network devices typically include switches and
routers. Types of services include DHCP and DNS. Client
devices comprise end-user devices, servers, and. smart
things.
Goals of Operating System :
An Operating System (OS) is system software that acts as an
interface or bridge between the hardware of a computer and the
end user.
Operating System reduces the communication barrier between the user
and the system and helps the user to communicate easily with the
computer.
Every computer system requires an operating system to run its
applications and programs. Applications like Browsers, MS Office,
Notepad, Games, and many more require some space or can be an
atmosphere to perform their tasks.
This operating system is an essential need or requirement of a system
such as a laptop, computer, iPad, mobile phone, etc. With OS, the user
can communicate and perform any task on the system.
Examples of Operating Systems :
There are various types of operating systems which are available in the
market:
Windows
Android
iOS
Mac OS
Linux
Chrome OS
Windows Phone OS
Goals of Operating System :
There are mainly 2 goals of the operating system:
Convenience
Efficiency
The other 3 goals are:
Portability and Reliability
Hardware Abstraction
Security
1. Convenience :
An Operating System's primary and first goal is to provide a friendly and
convenient environment to the user. It is optional to use Operating
System.
Still, things become harder when the user has to perform all the process
scheduling and convert user commands to machine language so that
system can perform tasks.
So, we use an Operating System to act as a bridge between us and the
computer hardware. We only have to give commands to the system,
and OS will take the instructions and do the rest of the work. Because of
this operating system should be convenient to use and operate by the
user.
2. Efficiency :
The second and important goal of an Operating System is efficiency. An
operating system should utilize all the resources efficiently. The management
of resources and programs should be done so that no resource is kept idle
and memory is used for no use.
3. Portability and Reliability :
The operating system can work/operate on different machines with
different processors and memory configurations. This makes the
operating system more reliable.
Also, the operating system can protect itself and the user from
accidental damage from the user program.
4. Hardware Abstraction :
The operating system can conceal or can be said to control all functions and
resources of the computer. The user can give commands and access any
function or resource of the computer without facing any difficulties. In this way,
the Operating system communicates between the user and computer
hardware.
5. Security :
An operating system provides the safety and security of data between the
user and the hardware. OS enables multiple users to securely share a
computer(system), including files, processes, memory, and device separately.
