Department of Mathematics, UET, Lahore
CALCULUS-II
Lectures By: Dr Taimoor Iqbal
Email:
[email protected] Department of Mathematics, UET, Lahore
Course title:
CALCULUS-II (MATH-104)
Credit hours: 3
Recommended book
Lecture By: Dr Taimoor Iqbal
Department of Mathematics, UET, Lahore
Partial Derivatives
CHAPTER-14
Department of Mathematics, UET, Lahore
LECTURE # 1
Department of Mathematics, UET, Lahore
Functions of Several Variables
Department of Mathematics, UET, Lahore
Objectives
◼ Understand the notation for a function of several variables.
❑Sketch the graph of a function of two variables.
❑Sketch level curves for a function of two variables.
❑Sketch level surfaces for a function of three variables.
Department of Mathematics, UET, Lahore
3-Dimensional Coordinates System
Department of Mathematics, UET, Lahore
Functions of Several Variables
Two independent variables x and y
One dependent variable z
Department of Mathematics, UET, Lahore
Functions of Several Variables
Three independent variables x , y and z.
One dependent variable w.
Department of Mathematics, UET, Lahore
Functions of Several Variables
Finding Specific Value of a function
For the function
𝑓 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 = 49 − 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 − 𝑧 2
Find 𝑓 2, −3,6
𝑓 2, −3,6 = 49 − 2 2 − −3 2 − 6 2
=0
Department of Mathematics, UET, Lahore
Functions of Several Variables
For the function given by z = f(x, y), x and y are
called the independent variables and z is called
the dependent variable
Department of Mathematics, UET, Lahore
Find Domain and Range of the following function of several
variables.
1. 𝑧 = 𝑦 − 𝑥 2
2
𝐷𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛: 𝑦 ≥ 𝑥
𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒: ሾ0, ∞ሻ
Department of Mathematics, UET, Lahore
Find Domain and Range of the following function of several
variables.
1
2. 𝑧=
𝑥𝑦
Domain: 𝑥𝑦 ≠ 0
Range: −∞, 0 ∪ 0, ∞
Department of Mathematics, UET, Lahore
Find Domain and Range of the following function of several
variables.
3. 𝑧 = sin 𝑥 𝑦
Domain: Entire Plane
Range: −1,1
Department of Mathematics, UET, Lahore
Find Domain and Range of the following function of several
variables. (Three Independent Variables)
1. w= 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2
Domain: Entire Space
𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒: ሾ0, ∞ሻ
Department of Mathematics, UET, Lahore
Find Domain and Range of the following function of several
variables. (Three Independent Variables)
1
2. w=
𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 +𝑧 2
Domain: 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 ≠ 0,0,0
Range: 0, ∞
Department of Mathematics, UET, Lahore
Find Domain and Range of the following function of several
variables. (Three Independent Variables)
3. 𝑤 = 𝑥𝑦𝑙𝑛𝑧
Domain: Half Space, 𝑧 > 0
Range: −∞, ∞
Department of Mathematics, UET, Lahore
Definitions
A point (x0, y0) in a region (set) R in the xy-plane is an
interior point of R if it is the center of a disk of
positive radius that lies entirely in R .
Department of Mathematics, UET, Lahore
Definitions
A point (x0, y0) is a boundary point of R if every disk
centered at (x0 , y0) contains points that lie outside of R
as well as points that lie in R. (The boundary point
itself need not belong to R.)
Department of Mathematics, UET, Lahore
Definitions
1. The interior points of a region, as a set, make up the
interior of the region.
2. The region’s boundary points make up its boundary.
3. A region is open if it consists entirely of interior points.
4. A region is closed if it contains all its boundary points.
Department of Mathematics, UET, Lahore
EXERCIS 14.1
Find the specific function values.
1 − f ( x, y ) = x + xy2 3
f ( −3, −2 ) = ?
f ( −3, −2 ) = ( −3) + ( −3)( −2 )
2 3
f ( −3, −2 ) = 33
Lecture By: Dr Taimoor Iqbal
Department of Mathematics, UET, Lahore
EXERCIS 14.1
Find the specific function values.
2 − f ( x, y ) = sin ( xy )
f − , −7 = ? f − , −7 = −1
2 2
Lecture By: Dr Taimoor Iqbal
Department of Mathematics, UET, Lahore
EXERCIS 14.1
Find the specific function values.
x− y
3 − f ( x, y , z ) = 2
y +z 2
f ( 2, 2,100 ) = 0
f ( 2, 2,100 ) = ?
Lecture By: Dr Taimoor Iqbal
Department of Mathematics, UET, Lahore
EXERCIS 14.1
Find and sketch the domain of each function
5 − f ( x, y ) = y−x−2
Domain: all points (x, y) on or above the line y = x + 2
Lecture By: Dr Taimoor Iqbal
Department of Mathematics, UET, Lahore
EXERCIS 14.1
Find and sketch the domain of each function
6 − f ( x, y ) = ln ( x + y − 4 )
2 2
Domain: all points (x, y) outside the circle
x2 + y2 = 4
Lecture By: Dr Taimoor Iqbal
Department of Mathematics, UET, Lahore
EXERCIS 14.1
Find and sketch the domain of each function
sin ( xy )
8 − f ( x, y ) = 2
x + y 2 − 25
Domain: all points (x, y) NOT lies on the
circle
x2 + y2 =
Lecture By: Dr Taimoor Iqbal
Department of Mathematics, UET, Lahore
Definitions
If f is a function of two variables with domain D, then
the graph of f is the set of all points (x, y, z) in R3
such that z=f (x, y) and (x, y) is in D.
The graph of g ( x, y) = 9 − x 2 − y 2
Department of Mathematics, UET, Lahore
Graph of h( x, y ) = 4 x 2 + y 2
Department of Mathematics, UET, Lahore
Draw the graphs of the functions defined.
− x2 − y2
( a ) f ( x, y ) = ( x + 3 y ) e
2 2
Department of Mathematics, UET, Lahore
Draw the graphs of the functions defined.
− x2 − y2
(b) f ( x, y) = ( x + 3 y )e
2 2
Department of Mathematics, UET, Lahore
Level Curves
The level curves of a function f of two variables are the curves
with equations f (x, y)=k, where k is a constant (in the range of
f).
Department of Mathematics, UET, Lahore
EXERCIS 14.1
Find and sketch the level curves ƒ(x, y) = c on the same set of
coordinate axes for the given values of c.
These level curves are also referred as a contour map.
f ( x, y ) = x + y − 1
For
c = −3, −2, −1, 0,1, 2, 3
Department of Mathematics, UET, Lahore
EXERCIS 14.1
Find and sketch the level curves ƒ(x, y) = c on the same set of
coordinate axes for the given values of c.
These level curves are also referred as a contour map.
f ( x, y ) = x + y
2 2
For
c = 0,1, 4, 9,16, 25
Department of Mathematics, UET, Lahore
HOMEWORK
EXERCISE 14.1
QUESTIONS- 1-30
