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Probability Theory Notes

Probability theory is a mathematical field that quantifies uncertainty and randomness through concepts such as experiments, sample spaces, and events. Key laws include the Addition and Multiplication Theorems, as well as Bayes' Theorem. Probability distributions like Binomial, Poisson, and Normal are used to model different types of events and outcomes.

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49 views1 page

Probability Theory Notes

Probability theory is a mathematical field that quantifies uncertainty and randomness through concepts such as experiments, sample spaces, and events. Key laws include the Addition and Multiplication Theorems, as well as Bayes' Theorem. Probability distributions like Binomial, Poisson, and Normal are used to model different types of events and outcomes.

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Raftar vinay
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Probability Theory & Distributions

1. Probability Theory

Probability is the branch of mathematics that studies the likelihood of occurrences of events.
It provides a quantitative description of uncertainty and randomness.

Basic Terminology in Probability:

1. Experiment: A process that leads to one of several possible outcomes.


2. Sample Space (S): The set of all possible outcomes of an experiment.
3. Event (E): A subset of the sample space that includes one or more outcomes.
4. Probability of an Event: P(E) = (Number of favorable outcomes) / (Total outcomes in sample
space).

Laws of Probability:

1. Addition Theorem: If A and B are mutually exclusive, P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B).


2. Multiplication Theorem: If A and B are independent, P(A and B) = P(A) * P(B).
3. Bayes' Theorem: P(A given B) = (P(B given A) * P(A)) / P(B).

2. Probability Distributions

1. Binomial Distribution: Used when an experiment has two outcomes (success/failure).


Formula: P(X = k) = (nCk) * p^k * (1 - p)^(n - k).
2. Poisson Distribution: Used to model the number of events occurring in a fixed interval.
Formula: P(X = k) = (e^(-lambda) * lambda^k) / k!.
3. Normal Distribution: A continuous distribution with a symmetric bell curve.
Formula: f(x) = (1 / (sigma * sqrt(2 * pi))) * e^(-((x - mu)^2) / (2 * sigma^2)).

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