M-0812
Metal Scaffolding
21-Module Supervisors Safety Training
(2009-05)
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Agenda
Introduction
Contents
Question and Answer
Summary
Test
Review of Test Results
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Introduction
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objectives of this session …
this session gives you the information on …
¾ what is a metal scaffold?
¾ what are the major hazards?
¾ what are the safety requirements?
¾ what to look for when you are inspecting a metal scaffold?
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objectives of this session …
by the end of this session, you shall be able to tell -
¾ meaning of a metal scaffold
¾ safety standards of a metal scaffold
¾ safety standards of a working platform
¾ major hazards
¾ who can be a scaffolder
¾ who can be a competent person
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“scaffold” means
any temporarily provided structure…
¾ on or from which persons perform
work;
¾ through which persons obtain
access to a place of work; or
¾ enables materials to be taken to
any place of work
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a metal scaffold includes not only
the scaffold itself, but also…
¾ gangway, run, step-ladder
¾ working platform, guard-rails,
toe-boards
¾ safety net, anchorage systems
¾ catch-fan, protective screen
¾ CSSR – Form 5, lighting, etc.
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Common types of
metal scaffolds
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Independent tied scaffold -
9 two rows of uprights
9 uprights are tied by cross
members called “transoms”
9 does not rely upon the building
for support
9 erected as the building rises
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Putlog scaffold (單行金屬棚架)
• transoms on which the planks
are laid is forming the working
platform of the scaffold
• one end is rested on the ledgers
• the other end is rested in a hole
temporarily left in the wall
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Mobile
access
tower
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Proprietary scaffold system
modular scaffolding with standard
components replaces tubes & couplers.
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Plane frame access scaffold
Note: guard-rails & stairs
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Major hazards associate
with metal scaffolding
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major hazards & risks associate
with metal scaffolding…
collapse of the scaffold /
structure
¾design & construction
¾overloading
¾supporting
fall of person from height
fall of material from height
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What we have learned
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A bar fixing worker fell to death from
a substandard working platform
platform not closely boarded
large openings at steel bars
storage area
no suitable anchorage nor
lifeline for safety belts
substandard working platform
erected & used by bar fixers
was not supervised & checked
by a CP
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A bar fixing worker fell to death from
a substandard working platform
Lessons to learn
1. working platforms of proper & safe construction are provided
& maintained (by competent workers & person only)
2. working platforms are closely boarded & fitted with suitable
guard-rails & toe-boards (no openings)
3. safe system of work should includes …
a. safe procedure to erect & inspect working platforms
b. CP appointed & workforce trained
c. information & instruction of safe system of work be
provided to all workers
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When an extension of a working platform was being erected on the 6
lift of a plane frame access scaffold around a pier, the weight of the
platform turned the scaffold over with 2 x 2009/5/29
MTR Corporation
scaffolders fell from height
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A worker received an electric shock and fell from the working
platform when he was working on a scaffold
MTR Corporation
(05 OctPage2004
2009/5/29 20
- DB320)
A worker fell down approx. 16 m together with a scaffold board
from a gap between a scaffold and a wall. (13 Jun 2003 – MOS).
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A worker fell 4m from a platform.
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The victim had fallen from the building with
the collapsed metal scaffold and was rescued
by the Fire Service at the scene. (A worker
was killed and 2 others were injured -
2002.08.26)
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Requirements of a
metal scaffold
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OSH applicable legislation
Occupational Safety and Health Ordinance
Factories and Industrial Undertaking Ordinance
Construction Sites (Safety) Regulations
Code of Practice for Metal Scaffolding Safety
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OSHO & FIUO
contractors to ensure / provide / maintain...
safe plant, place / system of work
safe use, handling, storage, transport materials
safe access to & egress from the place of work
information, instruction, training, supervision
working environment
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under CSSR – Part VA
contractors to provide…
¾ suitable scaffold if work cannot be done safely on /
from ground
¾ safe access to & egress from a place of work
contractors to ensure no person gains access to any
unsafe place on site
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under CSSR – Part VA
contractors to provide…
¾ suitable working platforms, guardrails, toe-boards,
etc on the scaffold
¾ suitable gangways, runs, ladders access to &
egress from the workplaces
contractors to prevent any person from falling a
height of 2 m or more
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under CSSR – Part VA
contractors to ensure that …
¾ only the trained workmen with
adequate experience, &
¾ under the immediate supervision of a
competent person
shall erect, alter or dismantle scaffolds
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Competent persons in metal scaffolding
(training & experience)
1. completed a full-time formal training in metal scaffolding
work organized by CICTA or other, & possessed an
experience of 4 years or more in scaffolding work, or
2. possessed a higher certificate in civil/structural engineering
& completed a metal scaffolding training courses /
programmes organized by CICTA or other, & possessed an
experience of 1 year or more in scaffolding work, or
3. has satisfactorily passed the Trade Test on metal scaffolding
of the CICTA, & possessed an experience of 4 years or more
in scaffolding work
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Competent persons in metal scaffolding
(ability & authorization)
able to read & understand scaffolding plan, design drawings,
specifications & method statement to -
¾ supervise scaffolding works & certify scaffolds
¾ identify conditions that hazardous to persons
be appointed in writing & authorized to take prompt corrective
measures to eliminate existing & predictable hazards
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Trained workmen in metal scaffolding
(registered construction workers)
formally trained or passed the Trade Test (as per the CP) &
possess at least 2 years of experience in metal scaffolding
work
erect, add, alter & dismantle scaffolds under the immediate
supervision of a CP while at work
registered skilled, semi-skilled, skilled (provisional) or semi-
skilled (provisional) workers under the CWRO (Cap. 583) for
the trade of metal scaffolders
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under CSSR – Part VA
the scaffold shall not be used unless it has been inspected
by a competent person (CP)
¾before being taken into use for the 1st time
¾at regular intervals not exceeding 14 days
¾certified after any substantial addition, partial
dismantling, other alteration, affected by any weather
conditions
¾CSSR - Form 5 (include a statement that the scaffold is
in safe working order) is issued
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under CSSR – Part VA
requirements of a CSSR - Form 5
¾displayed on the scaffold (main access)
¾indicated its purpose, location & height
¾inspected within the last 14 days
¾marked with result of the inspection
¾signed by designated competent person
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- Description Signature
- Location of the CP
Date of
inspection
Result of the inspection (include a
statement “in safe working order”)
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under CSSR – Part VA
use of safety net & safety belt
¾ when it is impracticable to provide safe scaffold
¾ who has been provided with a safety belt shall wear &
attach it to a secure anchorage at all times
wearing suitable safety helmet on site
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under CSSR
scaffolding / waste materials, tools & other objects
¾ shall not be thrown, tipped or shot down from height
¾ steps shall be taken to protect workmen from being
hit by falling debris where proper lowering by LALG is
impracticable
scaffold is free from any loose materials that not for
immediate use
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under OSHO
Commissioner for Labour may issue......
IN - improvement notice
SN - suspension notice
for hazardous conditions found on site
Note: Would you like the works to be delayed?!
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Essential elements in
metal scaffolding
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Managing S&H at metal
scaffolding work
Design & initial planning
Selection of subcontractor for metal scaffolding work
Site management & procedures
Working places & access
Monitoring safety performance
Training of metal scaffolders
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Technical requirements for safety in
metal scaffolding (materials)
9 sufficient components in sound material
9 boards & planks free from defects & unpainted
9 tubes, joint pins, base plates, couplers & fittings free
from rust & distortion, worn threads, damaged bolts
9 BS-2482, BS-1139, BS5973, etc or equivalent
9 inspected, maintained & properly stacked
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Technical requirements for safety in
metal scaffolding (decking units)
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Technical requirements for safety in
metal scaffolding (working platforms)
9 top guardrails – 900 ~ 1150 mm
9 intermediate guards – 450 ~ 600 mm
9 toe-boards – 200 mm
9 closely boarded or planked
9 adequate supports
9 cleared of debris
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Technical requirements for safety in
metal scaffolding (working platforms)
Width of a working platform is at least 400 mm
Width of a gangway or run for movement of
materials is at least 650 mm
Every board forming the working platform is
least
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If proper working platforms are
not practicable …
9 safety net
9 safety belts & anchorage
systems
9 catch-fan (<15m intervals)
9 protective screen (fire
retardant material)
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Technical requirements for safety in
metal scaffolding (support to scaffold)
9 justify - stability of ground/supporting structure
9 hard surface – be able to keep scaffold upright
9 other surfaces - base plates, metal packing plates or
sole plate be required
9 appropriate wedges for sloping support
9 supports be properly maintained
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Technical requirements for safety in
metal scaffolding (anchorages & ties)
9 anchorages should be tested to ensure that they are of
sufficient strength
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Technical requirements for safety in
metal scaffolding (stability)
9 height to least base dimension ratio
¾ Not greater than 3.5 or 4 (inside
a building)
¾ Not greater than 3.0 or 3.5
(outside a building)
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Technical requirements for safety in
metal scaffolding (access & inspections)
9 safe means of access to & egress from the place of work
9 scaffolds to be inspected & certified by nominated CP
before use, after affected by adverse weather condition,
altered, and in the preceding 14 days
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Technical requirements for safety in
metal scaffolding (proprietary systems)
9 a mixed structure of different proprietary systems should not be
used
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Hazards hunt
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Working platform with safe means of access to &
egress from the place of work should be provided
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Working platform with safe means of access to &
egress from the place of work should be provided
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Working platform with safe means of access to &
egress from the place of work should be provided
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Working platform with safe means of access to &
egress from the place of work should be provided
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Working platform must be closely planked. Scaffold
must be properly supported before excavation work.
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Suitable & adequate base plates, ties/raking tubes,
top guardrails, signs & barriers should be provided
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If I ask you to work
on this scaffold,
what do you think?
If you don’t want to
work on this scaffold,
why we accept to see
other workers to work
on it?
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Summary
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as a site supervision staff, ensure
the scaffolds are well managed …
Design & initial planning
Selection of subcontractor for
metal scaffolding work
Site management &
procedures
Working places & access
Monitoring safety performance
Training of metal scaffolders
ThisMTRisCorporation
the standard, and the only standard, that you
2009/5/29
should accept
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Q&A
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Test
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Review of Test Results
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END
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