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Data Link Layer

The Data Link Layer is the second layer of the OSI model, responsible for transferring datagrams across individual links between adjacent nodes. It provides services such as framing, reliable delivery, flow control, error detection, and error correction, utilizing protocols like Ethernet and PPP. This layer allows for different link layer protocols to handle datagrams on different links within a communication path.

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38 views2 pages

Data Link Layer

The Data Link Layer is the second layer of the OSI model, responsible for transferring datagrams across individual links between adjacent nodes. It provides services such as framing, reliable delivery, flow control, error detection, and error correction, utilizing protocols like Ethernet and PPP. This layer allows for different link layer protocols to handle datagrams on different links within a communication path.

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dherudynamite66
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Data Link Layer

o In the OSI model, the data link layer is a 4 th layer from the top and
2nd layer from the bottom.
o The communication channel that connects the adjacent nodes is
known as links, and in order to move the datagram from source to
the destination, the datagram must be moved across an individual
link.
o The main responsibility of the Data Link Layer is to transfer the
datagram across an individual link.
o The Data link layer protocol defines the format of the packet
exchanged across the nodes as well as the actions such as Error
detection, retransmission, flow control, and random access.
o The Data Link Layer protocols are Ethernet, token ring, FDDI and
PPP.
o An important characteristic of a Data Link Layer is that datagram
can be handled by different link layer protocols on different links in
a path. For example, the datagram is handled by Ethernet on the
first link, PPP on the second link.

Following services are provided by the Data Link Layer:


o Framing & Link access: Data Link Layer protocols encapsulate
each network frame within a Link layer frame before the
transmission across the link. A frame consists of a data field in
which network layer datagram is inserted and a number of data
fields. It specifies the structure of the frame as well as a channel
access protocol by which frame is to be transmitted over the link.
o Reliable delivery: Data Link Layer provides a reliable delivery
service, i.e., transmits the network layer datagram without any
error. A reliable delivery service is accomplished with transmissions
and acknowledgements. A data link layer mainly provides the
reliable delivery service over the links as they have higher error
rates and they can be corrected locally, link at which an error occurs
rather than forcing to retransmit the data.
o Flow control: A receiving node can receive the frames at a faster
rate than it can process the frame. Without flow control, the
receiver's buffer can overflow, and frames can get lost. To overcome
this problem, the data link layer uses the flow control to prevent the
sending node on one side of the link from overwhelming the
receiving node on another side of the link.
o Error detection: Errors can be introduced by signal attenuation
and noise. Data Link Layer protocol provides a mechanism to detect
one or more errors. This is achieved by adding error detection bits in
the frame and then receiving node can perform an error check.
o Error correction: Error correction is similar to the Error detection,
except that receiving node not only detect the errors but also
determine where the errors have occurred in the frame.
o Half-Duplex & Full-Duplex: In a Full-Duplex mode, both the nodes
can transmit the data at the same time. In a Half-Duplex mode, only
one node can transmit the data at the same time.

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