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F Block Elements Jee Advanced Notes

The document provides an overview of f-block elements, detailing lanthanides and actinides, their electronic configurations, oxidation states, and chemical properties. It discusses the lanthanide contraction, methods for separating lanthanides, and the color and magnetic properties of these elements. Additionally, it highlights their applications and important points for JEE Advanced preparation, including memory tricks for oxidation states and colors.

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39 views2 pages

F Block Elements Jee Advanced Notes

The document provides an overview of f-block elements, detailing lanthanides and actinides, their electronic configurations, oxidation states, and chemical properties. It discusses the lanthanide contraction, methods for separating lanthanides, and the color and magnetic properties of these elements. Additionally, it highlights their applications and important points for JEE Advanced preparation, including memory tricks for oxidation states and colors.

Uploaded by

Harshith V
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

f-Block Elements - JEE Advanced Notes

Introduction:
- f-block elements: Last electron enters (n-2)f subshell.
- Lanthanides (4f series): Ce (58) -> Lu (71)
- Actinides (5f series): Th (90) -> Lr (103)

Electronic Configuration:
Lanthanides: [Xe] 4f1-14 5d0-1 6s2
Exceptions: Gd (64): [Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2; Lu (71): [Xe] 4f14 5d1 6s2
Actinides: [Rn] 5f1-14 6d0-1 7s2

Oxidation States:
Lanthanides: +3 (most stable), +2 (Sm, Eu, Yb), +4 (Ce, Tb)
Actinides: Variable, +3 to +6 (U6+, Np5+, Pu4+)

Lanthanide Contraction:
- Decrease in size across lanthanides due to poor 4f shielding.
- Affects chemical similarity, separation difficulty.

Chemical Properties:
- Lanthanides: React with O2 (Ln2O3), H2O (hydroxides), acids
(release H2).
- Actinides: More reactive, form complexes, radioactive.

Separation of Lanthanides:
- Ion-exchange, Solvent extraction, Fractional crystallization.

Complex Formation:
- Lanthanides: Less tendency (large size).
- Actinides: High tendency (small size, high charge density).

Color & Magnetic Properties:


- f-f transitions -> Colors; unpaired electrons -> Paramagnetism.
Examples: Ce3+: Colorless, Pr3+: Green, Nd3+: Pink, Sm3+: Yellow.

Applications:
- Lanthanides: TV screens, phosphors, magnets, catalysts.
- Actinides: Nuclear fuels, radiotherapy.

Important JEE Advanced Points:


- Lanthanide contraction, oxidation state exceptions, color,
magnetism.
- Separation methods are frequently tested.

Memory Tricks:
Oxidation States: Ce4+, Eu2+, Yb2+, Sm2+ -> "CE-EU-YB-SM"
Colors: "Pristine Green (Pr), Naughty Pink (Nd), Sunny Yellow (Sm)"

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