Impacts of Climate Change in Agriculture

TITLE: and Livelihoods of Marginalized

Community in Chitwan, Nepal

KEYWORDS: Climate Change, Farming System,

Livelihood, Adaptation

STARTED ON: August, 2009

COMPLETION ON: July, 2010

TOTAL ESTIMATED COST: NRs. 55,000/-(Fifty Five Thousands Only.)

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATIOR: Mr. Hari Prasad Regmi

M.Sc.Ag. (Agricultural Economics)
IAAS, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal
Phone No: 9845196993
E-mail: [email protected]
[email protected]

THESIS SUPERVISOR: Dr. Punya Prasad Regmi

Associate Professor and Head
Department of Agricultural Economics
IAAS, Rampur, Chitwan
Phone No: 9851067238
E-mail: [email protected]
1. Introduction

Agriculture is the main source of food security in Nepal. It shares 31.1% of total GDP and
provides employment to 70.6% of total employed population (NPC, 2007). Climate change
has serious impact on agriculture and livelihood of farming community. Moreover, it has
challenged food security and overall livelihood options. Developing countries have been hurt
more seriously and face the great difficulties in adaptation to the impacts of climate change.
The climate is changing and farming community has already experienced the impacts of
climate change in their crops, environment and livelihoods. In parallel, they are also
following some adaptation strategies.

The concentration of green house gases in the atmosphere has increased significantly since
the industrial revolution in 1750s. The amount of carbon dioxide has increased by 31%,
methane by 151% and nitrous oxide by 17 % (Regmi, 2007a). IPCC (1996), Predict that, the
earth would warm by 1.4 to 5.8 0C by the year 2100. Nepal’s temperature has increased by
1.70 C during last 30 years (1975 to 2005). It means, the average temperature increased as
0.060 C per year and in particular, 0.04 0 C/year in Terai and 0.08 0 C/year in Himalayas
(Malla, 2007). A study about aggregated precipitation and average temperature of five
meteorological stations (Dhangadi, Surkhet, Pokhara, Kathmandu and Dhankuta) showed an
increasing trend in both temperature and total precipitation in Nepal (Gurung, 2007). In the
recent years, the intensity, amount and distribution of rainfall are changed in unpredictable
manner. The number of the rainy days is decreasing by 0.8% day per however, it is estimated
that the rainfall is increased by 13mm per year. Consequently, the river flow is increasing at
the rate of 1.48m3/s per year. Higher increase in summer river flow provides the evidence for
faster glacial melt due to higher summer temperature.
Nepal is in vulnerable position with regard to climate change due to the fragile ecosystem,
which is very sensitive to even slight changes in natural climate, weaker geological situation
and complex topography. Moreover, Nepal posses less coping and adaptive capacity to
address the additional impacts of climate change. Because of the subsistence agricultural
production, depends heavily in nature, and based on the traditional knowledge and practices,
any changes in climatic condition, therefore, will affect a lot in the food security in Nepal.

Unequal land distribution, traditional farming system and micro-climatic adversities

perpetuated by the climate change brings additional challenge to food security in Nepal.
About thirty-one percent of people in Nepal are living below the poverty line and are
struggling to secure year round food supply to sustain their lives and livelihoods. The
vulnerability of people and their agricultural systems is very complex due to interacting direct
and indirect climate related stresses. The agricultural sector, with the low productivity
increases and high rate of population growth, climate change is likely to have serious
consequences for sustainability of Nepalese agriculture. In addition the livelihood assets of
poor community such as land, water, forest, economic and social system are experiencing the
risk from changing climate.

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2. Statement of the Problem
The mean annual temperature is rising in Narayani Basin and was highest (0.12 0c/year)
among all others major basins of the country and highly susceptible to the climate change
induced disaster. Least developed and developing countries are more vulnerable to natural
disasters and climate change induced impacts (WWF Nepal, 2006). The traditional
agricultural system of Nepal is very complex and precarious as well. Moreover, it is
characterized by a scarcity of arable land, reduced employment opportunity, market problems
and lack of suitable land management practices. Many hill slopes are being degraded with
rapid and irreparable loss of fertile top soil due to flooding and long period drought (Vaidya
et al., 1995).

Due to the poor adaptation practices and weak institutional supports, lack of improved
agricultural knowledge on crop diversification and lack of appropriate inputs and credit on
right time, The poor, marginalized and disadvantaged people in risk prone areas, who solely
depend on natural resources and climate sensitive factors such as agriculture, forestry and
biodiversity for their livelihood, are more vulnerable to the climate change impacts. The
majority of the farmers depend on the monsoon rain for crop cultivation. So, the changes in
the rainfall pattern may be fatal for them. The extreme rainfall and downpour causes
landslides, soil erosion and loss of lives as well. The scenarios of rising temperatures, more
variation in summer and winter temperature, more erratic and higher intensity of rainfall for
few period indicates the possibility of droughts and floods, more often; physical plant damage
by flooding and water-logging, loss of irrigation canals as well as related problems such as
increased pest and pathogen outbreaks, early blooming, appearance of noxious weed species,
enhanced soil erosion and ultimately affecting the livelihood options of farmers (Pathak, et
al., 2003).

Climate change involves, perhaps most seriously, changes in the frequency of magnitude of
extreme weather events. In the agricultural sector, impacts are associated with the crop yields,
altering the cropping pattern, reducing productive capacity of livestock, loss of valuable agro-
biodiversity, change in forest composition and cover, loss of ecosystem, increase in river
discharge, flash flooding and riverbank erosion, disaster shifting of eco tone, change in water
navigation, lower water table, cold wave and hot winds, long dry spells and ultimately
resulted in lower agricultural production and threatening food security (Pokhrel,2007).

3. Rational of the study:

Climate change and its impacts are now clearly visible on both ecosystem health and farmers
livelihoods. Subsistence and Resource Poor farmers do not have adequate resources for
effectively responding to the impacts of climate change, and are highly vulnerable to its
negative consequences. This study explain about what the likely impacts on agriculture are,
to what extent these influence people’s livelihoods, how people are responding to them, and
what the potential roles of the local government and other development partners are in
adaptation efforts in vulnerable sectors.

Effect of climate change encompasses all vital system supporting world populations. Human
health, agriculture, forest, water resources and biodiversity will suffer at different scales

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depending on local conditions. If the increase in temperature exceeds by 1.5 0c to 2.50c, there
will be the risk of extinction of plant and animal species by 20-30% (IPCC, 2007). Assessing
the local impact of climate change is essential to plan coping strategy with emerging
uncertainties. There is urgent and immediate need to address climate change issues and
related hazards as this is serious problem to the farming community. The study prioritized the
potential impacts and identifies the effective adaptation strategy through participatory
approach with the local communities. Studying the impacts of climate change experienced by
farmers could form the base for further research and development of adaptation measures for
sustainability of agriculture and preparing farming community in alternative agriculture to
tackle the emerging problem of food security. This research will give a concluding idea about
the farmers’ perception on climate change, its major impacts in agriculture and livelihood of
resource poor marginal farmers.

4. Objectives:
Broad objective:
 To assess the impacts of climate change on agriculture and livelihoods of
marginalized communities along with the adoption strategy in Chitwan Nepal.
Specific objectives
 To study the crop climatic trend and its response in farming system, agro-biodiversity
and livestock.
 To study the impact of climate change in food security and household income.
 To study the effect on farm enterprises and livelihood options.
 To document the community based adaptation strategies and development of
stakeholder inclusive climate risk reduction (adaptation) plan of action at community
level.
 To identify an integrated approach for resilience and mitigation based on the
vulnerability assessment.

5. Review of Literature:
The crop yields have strong association with the amount of rain it receives on right time. The
increase in temperature and availability of irrigation water are negatively related. Research
finding shown that, if the temperature is increased by 1 0c the effectiveness of the irrigation is
decreased by 10 % (Pradhan, 2007). The pattern of precipitation has been noticed fluctuated
for the past 30 years in Nepal (Shrestha et al, 2000). Due to over and under precipitation, crop
production is highly uncertain. The actual monsoon month and the main rice-planting month,
July, is becoming drier. A study in Kabilash VDC in Chitwan, Nepal shown that farmers
could not transplant rice in two consecutive monsoons of 2004 and 2005 because of excessive
drought(Gurung, 2007). A study in 2008 shows that local communities from Chitwan have
experienced the change in the climate in the recent years. About 95% people mention drought
and erratic rainfall patterns as the main indicators of this change. The destruction of land by
floods and landslides, and subsequent declining land productivity, compels people to occupy

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forest areas, cultivate steeper land and look for alternative means of living (Gurung and
Bhandari, 2008).

There is decrease in yield in the production of Potato, Lentil and Chickpea by 27.8%, 37.6%,
and 38.0% respectively from 1987/88 to 1997/98 due to the cold wave in the Terai region of
Nepal (Malla, 2008). Climate change will have impact on the extinction of biodiversity
species and shift in habitat is likely to occur. The uniform rise of rainfall will have positive
impact on overall agriculture but skewed rise (extreme event) will have negative impact on
soil nutrient loss, flood damage and erosion. Increase in temperature and occurrence of
erratic rainfall are expected to lead to a 30% decrease in crop yields in central and south Asia
by the mid-21at century (UNDP, 2006). However at a higher latitude, crop yields should
increase because there will be a decrease in frost and cold damage. A case study conducted in
Manang and Mustang shows that farmers are benefited to the changing climatic condition for
the short time as they are growing new vegetables like Cauliflower, Cabbage, Chili, Tomato,
Cucumber and the new plant species that grow previously at lower altitude can be grown at
present day (Dahal, 2007).

Due to the excessive drought and high temperature, there was drying of almost 50% of rice
seedlings, maize, millet and soybean in most part of the country (Kantipur News, June 22,
2009). Eastern Terai faced rain deficit in the year 2005/06 by early monsoon and crop
production reduced by 12.5% on national basis. Nearly 10% of agri- land were left fallow due
to rain deficit but mid western Terai faced heavy rain with floods, which reduced production
by 30% in the year (Regmi, 2007b). Early Maturity of the crops due to increase in
temperature may help in destruction of existing cropping pattern. Shifting of climatic zones
has been observed in the country. Extinction of local basmati rice varieties, some local wheat,
maize and other agricultural crops was also observed. Research study showed that Nepal had
the highest level of agricultural productivity in South Asia in the early 1960s, but, its
agricultural productivity was the lowest in the Subcontinent by the early 1990s(Tiwari,2002).

6. Methodology:
Selection of the Study Area:
Impact of climate change will be studied in the two representative sites of the plain and hilly
areas of the Chitwan district. Ethnic resource poor and marginalized community will be
prioritized during the study. The study sites are selected purposively because ethnic and
marginal community resides in these areas.

Preliminary survey:
Pre survey field visits will be conducted to gather preliminary information regarding the
demographic, socio-cultural, and topographical settings of the site. This information will be
used in preparing questionnaires and designing a sampling framework.

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Sample Size, Sampling Population, and Sampling Procedure:
Two clusters will be formed in each representative sites of the plain and hilly region of the
Chitwan district for assessing the impact of climate change in productivity of major crops,
livestock, ecosystem, and livelihoods. Each cluster consists of 40 households and there will
be altogether four clusters and 160 households for the study. The respondent will be selected
above the age of 40 years, since they provide the valuable information regarding the past
trends of the climatic hazards.

Sources of Data:
The local communities and resource poor farmers who are long experienced in autonomous
adaptation of the study area will be the primary source of information. Participatory methods
will be used to collect data, to share experience and knowledge of vulnerable communities
towards climate change. Field Survey will be conducted through structured and semi
structured questionnaire, focus group discussion, direct observation and key informant
interview. Secondary information will be collected from the various published materials like
journals, research articles, proceedings of various NGOs and INGOs, reports of district
agriculture development office (DADO). The local political leaders, working agencies, and
local government will also the source of secondary information.

Survey Design and Data Collection:

Interview schedule will be prepared to collect primary information from farmers. A co-
ordination schema will be prepared consistent with the objectives of the study, to help and
facilitate the interview schedule preparation. Participatory methods will be used to collect
data, to share experience and knowledge of vulnerable communities towards climate change.

Pre-testing of Interview Schedule:

Pre - testing of interview schedule will be done by administering the designed interview
schedule to the 12 households around the study area. The final interview schedule will be
prepared by taking due consideration of the suggestion obtained during the pre- testing.

Field Survey:
The pre-tested interview schedule will be administered to the respondent to collect the
primary data. The in-depth information regarding the various aspect of climate change will be
collected through face to face interview.

Focus Group Discussion (FGD):

One comprehensive Focus Group Discussion (FGD) will be conducted at the study area after
completing the field survey with help of the checklist to verify the result obtained from field
survey, to know the various impacts and coping strategies related to climate change. In the
FGD, participants will be local farmers, all ethnic groups and both male and female will be
included.

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Methods and Techniques of Data Analysis:
The information collected from both primary and secondary sources will be analyzed by
using time line, trend line, ethno history, vulnerability ranking, social mapping and other
tools of participatory rural appraisal. The statistical packages for social science (SPSS),
Social Analysis System (SAS2) and Microsoft Excel will be used for qualitative and
quantitative data analysis. Descriptive statistics like frequency count, percentage, charts and
diagrams will be estimated. Furthermore, the data will be analyzed by using correlation
analysis, simple linear regression, multiple regressions, stepwise regression, t-test analysis
and other econometric models. In addition, the composite index values will be calculated for
perception and other qualitative data.
The yield function Model will be used to study the effect of precipitation and temperature on
crop yield.
Ln YHt= a+ b1T+ b2ln PRCt +b3ln TMPt
Where,
YH= yield for years‘t’
T= Time trend
PRCt = Rainfall measured in millimeters for years‘t’
TMPt = Temperature measured in degree Celsius for years‘t’

The estimated method will be OLS and if there will be serial correlations, an autoregressive
model will be used. Parameters b2 and b3 are the elasticities of yield for precipitation and
temperature, and these indicate percentage change in yield due to 1% increase of these
variables.

7. Expected Outputs:

 The impacts of changing climate on major agricultural crops, livestock, farming

system, agro-biodiversity, natural resources, food security and the livelihood of
vulnerable community will be identified.
 The climatic risk adaptation plan of action at community levels will be developed.
 An integrated approach for resilience and mitigation of adverse impact of climate
change on agriculture and farming system will be developed.
 Awareness raising, risk communication strategies and alternative coping strategies
will be identified for protecting environmental health and sustainable development of
agriculture.

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8. Beneficiaries:

 The primary beneficiaries of the output of this research will be the farmers and
vulnerable communities in the study area.
 Secondary beneficiaries will be the researcher, students, INGOs and NGOs involved
in climate change related issues.
 Tertiary beneficiaries will be the policy makers involved in the policy formulation
involved in mitigation of the strategies.

9. Risk and Assumptions

 Budget will be available in time.
 Political situation (strike, and road blocking) and Climatic condition will be favorable.
 Farmers and responsible organization/institutions will co-operate the study.

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10. Budget summary

Particulars Amount (NRs.)

Preliminary survey 2,000
Interview schedule preparation and pre-testing 4,000
Interviewing and data collection 7,000
Travel expenses 5,000
Validation and Data entry 3,000
Literature collection, communication and Stationery 7,000
Focus group discussion 4,000
Analysis of data 4,000
Result Seminar 3,000
Thesis writing 11,000
Sub-total 50,000
Overhead (10%) 5,000
Grand total 55,000

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11. Work plan

2009 2010
Activities

May
Mar
Sept

July
Aug

Apr
Nov

Dec

Feb

Jun
Oct

Jan

e
Review of
literature
Preliminary
survey
Interview
schedule
Preparation&
pre-testing
Administratio
n of interview
schedule
Focus group
discussion
Data entry
and data
presentation
Data analysis
Thesis
writing
Result
seminar
Disseminatio
n of results

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References

Alam, M.and B.R. Regmi, 2004. Adverse Impact of Climate Change on Development of
Nepal: Integrating Adaptation into Policies and Activities. In Capacity Strengthening
in the Least Developed Countries for Adaptation to Climate Change. Working Paper
No.3. Bangladesh Center for Advanced Studies. Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh.

Dahal, N. 2007. Setting Climate Change Adaptation Policy in Nepal. Nepal Up in Smoke?
Time for Action on Climate Change; Local Initiative for Biodiversity, Research and
Development & Clean Energy Nepal.

Gurung, G.B. 2007. Watershed Management Approach for Climate Change Adaptation.
Available in https://www.mtnforum.org/rs/counter_docdown.cfm. Retrived on
19July,2009.

Gurung, G.B. and D. Bhandari. 2008. An Integrated Approach to Climate Change

Adaptation. Magazine on Low External Input and Sustainable Agriculture.24, 4.
December, 2008.

IPCC (International Panel on Climate Change), 2007. Summary for Policymakers. In:
Climate Change 2007:Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of
Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change, M.L. Parry, O.F. Canziani, J.P. Palutikof, P.J. Linden and C.E.
Hanson,(Eds).Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 7-22.

IPCC, (International Panel on Climate Change) 1996. Climate Change - 1995. The Science of
Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, Vol 12, pp 572.

Kantipur Daily News. 2009. Khaderile Bali Suke. Year 17, Vol: 125, June 22.Kantipur
Publication Pvt. Ltd., Kathmandu, Nepal.

Malla, G. 2008. Climate Change and its Impact on Nepalese Agriculture. The Journal of
Agriculture and Environment. Government of Nepal, Ministry of Agriculture and
Cooperatives. Vol: 9.

Malla, G.S .2007. Climate Change and its Impact on Agriculture Sector in Nepal. In: Climate
Change and Human Health: Potential Impact, Vulnerability and Adaptation in Nepal.
Proceeding of National Workshop held at Kathmandu, Nepal.19-21 December,
2007.pp.48

NPC (National Planning Commission), 2007. Three Year Interim Plan 2007-2010. NPC,
Government of Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal.

Pathak,et al., 2003. Climate Potential and on Farm Yield Trends of Rice and Wheat in the
Indo Gangatic Plains Field Crops Vol: 80. pp 223-234.

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Pokhrel A.P. 2007. Impact of Climate Change in Water Resource in Nepal. In: Climate
Change and Human Health: Potential Impact, Vulnerability and Adaptation in Nepal.
Proceeding of National Workshop held at Kathmandu, Nepal.19-21 December
2007.pp.37-47.

Practical Action, 2007/2008. Annual Report. Available in www.practicalaction.org. Retrieved

on 2th July, 2009.

Pradhan, B. 2007. Impacts of Climate Change on Water & Health in Nepal. In:Climate
Change and Human Health: Potential Impact, Vulnerability and Adaptation in Nepal.
Proceeding of National Workshop held at Kathmandu, Nepal.19-21 December
2007.pp.64

Regmi, B. R.2004. Climate Change Risk and Vulnerability in Nepal. Time for Action on
Climate Change. Local Initiative for Biodiversity, Research and Development (LI-
BIRD) and Clean Energy Nepal.

Regmi, B.R. 2007a. Climate Change Risk and Vulnerability in Nepal. Nepal Up in Smoke?
In: Time for Action on Climate Change; Local Initiative for Biodiversity, Research
and Development & Clean Energy Nepal. pp 6-8.

Regmi, H.R, 2007b.Effect of Unusual Weather on Cereal Crops Production and Household
Food Security. The Journal of Agriculture and Environment. Government of Nepal,
Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives.Vol:8, pp20-29

Shrestha A.B., C.P.Wake, J. E. Dibb and P.A. Mayewski. 2000. Precipitation Fluctuation in
the Nepal Himalaya and Its Vicinity and Relationship with Some Large Scale
Climatological Parameters. International Journal of Climatology Vol: 20, pp.317–327.

Tiwari, M. 2002. Profiles of Vulnerable Groups in Nepal (with G. Ojha, S.Upadhyay,

K.H.Maharjan and B.Huddleston), FAO, Rome.

WWF. 2006, Climate Change Impacts in the Amazon, Review of scientific literature,
World Wide Fund for Nature, Presentation at the 8th UN Conference of the Parties to
the Biodiversity Convention.

UNDP,2006. Human Development Report: Beyond Scarcity: Power Poverty and the Global
Water Crisis. New York, United Nations Development Programme.

Vaidya, A., C. Turton, K. D. Joshi, J.K. Tuladhar, 1995. A System Analysis of Soil Fertility
Issue in the Hills of Nepal: Implications for Future Research, In: H. Shreier, P. B.
Shah, S. Brown. Proceedings of a Workshop "Challenges in Mountain Resource
Management in Nepal: Processes, Trends and Dynamics in Middle Mountain
Watersheds", 10-12 April, 1995.

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 CURRICULUM VITAE

Name Regmi, Hari Prasad

Date of Birth 2042-05-28 (September 13, 1985)
Sex Male
Marital Status Single
Citizenship Nepali

Citizenship No. 85827/ Gorkha

Permanent Address Gorkha Municipality-10, 13KM., Gorkha, Nepal
Present Address Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Chitwan, Nepal
Email: [email protected]/ [email protected]
Languages Mother Tongue: Nepali
Other Languages:
English (Speak, Understand and Write)
Hindi
Telephone: 977-9845196993
Special areas of Research works related to Agriculture and Natural Resource
Interest Management, Environment related issues and Working with all
levels of rural community, Training for local capacity building,
Income generation for poverty reduction, Social mobilization,
Gender equity & Sustainable development.

ACADEMIC QUALIFICATION
Degree Year Board Division

Master of Science in Agriculture 2009/Running TU/IAAS Distinction(92.87%,Topper

(Agricultural Economics) second Year of the First Year of entire
Master Program of IAAS)
Bachelor of Science in Agriculture 2008 TU/IAAS Distinction (83.47%)
(B.Sc. Ag.) 4 years
Intermediate (I. Sc.) 2003 TU, Nepal First (62.67%)
School Leaving Certificate (SLC) 2001 HMG, First (73.87%)
Nepal

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Major Courses offered in B.Sc. (Ag.)
Agronomy Horticulture
Livestock Production and Management Soil Science
Entomology Plant Pathology
Environmental Science Agricultural Economics
Plant Breeding. Social Sciences (rural sociology, social
mobilization, agricultural communication,
agricultural extension)

Subject offered in Elective

Agricultural Economics: Survey, Research & Methodology

Agriculture Finance
Agriculture Marketing and International Trade

TRAININGS / VISITS / SEMINARS

 Visited the various Agricultural Institute and Research Stations of Nepal (17 days, in
Bhadra, 2063 and Baisakh 2065).
 Visit to many Agricultural farms of India during India tour(28 days, in Aswin 2064) .
 Medicinal and Aromatic plant (MAP) tour in Nepal (3 days ,2063)
 2 Months courses on Microsoft Office User Specialist and Database Application at
Unique Computers, Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal.
 Workshop on PCN writing conducted at Institute of agriculture and animal sciences,
Rampur, organized by Farmers’ Institute for Participatory Research and Development
(FIPRED), Rampur Unit Chitwan Nepal
 Training on mushroom cultivation conducted at Institute of Agriculture and Animal
Sciences, Rampur, organized by Farmers’ Institute for Participatory Research and
Development (FIPRED), Rampur Unit Chitwan Nepal
 Training on economic analysis of different project at Institute of Agriculture and
Animal Sciences, Rampur, organized by Farmers’ Institute for Participatory Research and
Development (FIPRED), Rampur Unit Chitwan Nepal.
 Training on PRA, RRA and PME conducted at Institute of Agriculture and Animal
Sciences, Rampur, organized by Farmers’ Institute for Participatory Research and
Development (FIPRED), Rampur Unit Chitwan Nepal
 Training on Social Analysis System (SAS 2) organized by LI-BIRD, at Narayangarh on
2065.
 Various tours and seminars on the wide array of them on sustainable agriculture,
biodiversity, eco-tourism, GIS, livestock, eco-development etc on IAAS. (2004-2008).
 Attained various Master Seminars and workshop at IAAS.

EXPERIENCES
 Preparing a term paper on economics of climate change in special focus to agriculture in
Nepal and presenting in the term paper seminar at IAAS, Rampur.

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 Worked as the team leader and conducted the research on “Response of Stocking
density and Slaughter character on Venn Cobb broiler” during LPM project work at
Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Rampur Campus Rampur Chitwan, under
Mr Ramashis Shah.
 Worked as the team leader on “Cultivation Practices of Cucurbits” during horticulture
project work at Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Rampur, Chitwan, under Dr.
Mohadatta Sharma.
 Worked as the team leader and conducted the research on “Experimentation on Organic
Farming” during agronomy project work at Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science,
Rampur, Chitwan, under Prof. Dr. N.K. Mishra.
 Worked as the team member and conducted the research on “Effect of Row Sowing of
Buckwheat on the Yield” during agronomy project work at Institute of Agriculture and
Animal Science, Rampur, Chitwan, under Mr. L. P. Amagai.

SKILLS
Computer skills
 Practical knowledge on Microsoft Office User Specialist and Database Application
namely Computer Fundamentals, Windows 2007, MS word XP, MS Excel XP, MS
Power Point XP, Email/Internet, SPSS, Adobe pagemaker 7.0, Adobe photoshop and
others.
 Studied about Computer Application and Programming (Handling and processing of
data as well as words; One credit hour (0+1) for one semester) as a compulsory course
during 5th semester of B. Sc. Ag.
AWARDS AND GRANTS
 Tribhuvan University Merit Scholarships for the study of B.Sc. Ag. at Rampur
Campus.
 Tribhuvan University Scholarships during the all eight semester of B.Sc. Ag .Study at
IAAS, provided to the top 12% student of Faculty of Agriculture.
 Entrance Topper of the Entrance Examination of the M.Sc. Ag. Conducted by Institute
of Agricultural and Animal Science in 2065.
 Topper of the First Year final examination of entire Master Program of IAAS.
 Different awards and prizes in sports and extra-curricular activities at school and College
level.

REFEREES

Dr. Punya Prasad Regmi Resham Bahadur Thapa, Ph.D.

Associate Professor and Head Professor and Assistant Dean (Academic),
Department of Agricultural Economics, Co-ordinator of Post Graduate Program,
Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science
Rampur, Chitwan Rampur, Chitwan
Ph. No. 9851067238 E-mail: [email protected]
E-mail:[email protected]

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